Economic systems research : journal of the International Input-Output Association最新文献

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Does resilience yield dividends? Co-benefits of investing in increased resilience in Cedar Rapids. 抗灾能力会产生红利吗？投资提高锡兹拉皮兹市抗灾能力的共同效益。

Economic systems research : journal of the International Input-Output Association

Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2020.1798359

Juan F Fung, Jennifer F Helgeson, David H Webb, Cheyney M O'Fallon, Harvey Cutler

Cedar Rapids, IA, offers a unique case study in planning for increased resilience. In 2008, Cedar Rapids experienced severe flooding. Rather than simply rebuilding, the city of Cedar Rapids began to invest in a resilient flood control system and in the revitalization of its Downtown neighborhood. This paper develops a Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model for the regional economy of Cedar Rapids to quantify 'resilience dividends': net co-benefits of investing in increased resilience. A resilience dividend includes benefits to the community even if another disaster does not occur. We build a CGE model of Cedar Rapids at two different time periods: one in 2007, before the flooding, and one in 2015, after the flooding and initial investment in resilience. We show that a positive economic shock to the economy results in larger co-benefits for key economic indicators in 2015 than in 2007. Our approach illustrates how co-benefits are distributed throughout the economy.

美国内华达州锡达拉皮兹市在规划提高抗灾能力方面提供了一个独特的案例研究。2008 年，锡兹拉皮兹遭遇了严重的洪灾。西达拉皮兹市并没有简单地进行重建，而是开始投资建设具有抗灾能力的防洪系统，并对市中心街区进行振兴。本文为锡兹拉皮兹的区域经济建立了一个可计算一般均衡模型，以量化 "抗灾能力红利"：投资于提高抗灾能力的净共同利益。抗灾能力红利包括即使不发生另一场灾难也能给社区带来的收益。我们为锡达拉皮兹市建立了两个不同时期的 CGE 模型：一个是 2007 年洪灾之前，另一个是 2015 年洪灾和初期抗灾投资之后。我们的结果表明，与 2007 年相比，2015 年对经济的积极冲击为主要经济指标带来了更大的共同效益。我们的方法说明了共同效益是如何在整个经济中分配的。

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引用次数: 0

An Examination of National Supply-Chain Flow Time. 全国供应链流程时间研究。

Economic systems research : journal of the International Input-Output Association

Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2017.1407296

Douglas Thomas, Anand Kandaswamy

The US and other national governments invest in research and development to spur competitiveness in their domestic manufacturing industries. However, there are limited studies on identifying the research efforts that will have the largest possible return on investment, resulting in suboptimal returns. Manufacturers commonly measure production time in order to identify areas for efficiency improvement, but this is typically not applied at the national level where efficiency issues may cross between enterprises and industries. Such methods and results can be used to prioritize efficiency improvement efforts at an industry supply-chain level. This paper utilizes data on manufacturing inventory along with data on inter-industry interactions to develop a method for tracking industry-level flow time and identifying bottlenecks in US manufacturing. As a proof of concept, this method is applied to the production of three commodities: aircraft, automobiles/trucks, and computers. The robustness of bottleneck identification is tested utilizing Monte Carlo techniques.

美国和其他国家的政府投资于研发，以刺激国内制造业的竞争力。然而，关于确定哪些研究工作将获得最大可能的投资回报的研究有限，从而导致次优回报。制造商通常衡量生产时间，以确定效率改进的领域，但这通常不适用于国家一级，因为效率问题可能在企业和行业之间交叉。这些方法和结果可用于在行业供应链层面优先考虑效率改进工作。本文利用制造业库存数据以及行业间互动数据，开发了一种跟踪行业级流动时间和识别美国制造业瓶颈的方法。作为概念验证，这种方法被应用于三种商品的生产:飞机、汽车/卡车和计算机。利用蒙特卡罗技术测试了瓶颈识别的鲁棒性。

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引用次数: 2

Australia's regional innovation systems: inter-industry interaction in innovative activities in three Australian territories. 澳大利亚的区域创新系统:澳大利亚三个地区创新活动的产业间互动。

Economic systems research : journal of the International Input-Output Association

Pub Date : 2017-07-03 Epub Date: 2017-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2017.1301886

Marlies H Schütz

Regional specifics reveal in differences in economic activity and structure, the institutional, socio-economic and cultural environment and not least in the capability of regions to create new knowledge and to generate innovations. Focusing on the regional level, this paper for three Australian territories (New South Wales, Victoria and Queensland) explores patterns of innovative activities in their private business sectors. Furthermore, these patterns are compared to specifics of each region's economic structure. We make use of input-output-based innovation flow networks, which are directed and weighted instead of binary. The value added of the proposed analysis is that we are able to trace a variety of different aspects related to the structure of innovative activities for each territory. It gets evident that mostly innovative activities in each territory are not strong in 'niche' branches but in fields of intense economic activity, signalising the high path-dependency of innovative activities in a specific geographical environment.

各区域的具体情况表现在经济活动和结构、体制、社会经济和文化环境以及各区域创造新知识和进行革新的能力方面的差异。着眼于区域层面，本文对澳大利亚的三个地区(新南威尔士州、维多利亚州和昆士兰州)探讨了其私营企业部门的创新活动模式。此外，将这些模式与每个地区经济结构的具体情况进行比较。我们利用了基于投入产出的创新流网络，它是有向的和加权的，而不是二元的。所提出的分析的附加价值在于，我们能够追踪与每个地区的创新活动结构相关的各种不同方面。很明显，每个地区的大多数创新活动在“利基”分支中并不强，而是在激烈的经济活动领域，这表明创新活动在特定地理环境中的高度路径依赖性。

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