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Sustaining Software Preservation Efforts Through Use and Communities of Practice 通过使用和实践社区来维持软件保存工作
Pub Date : 2020-08-02 DOI: 10.2218/ijdc.v15i1.696
F. Rios, Monique Lassere, J. Ruggill, Ken S. McAllister
The brief history of software preservation efforts illustrates one phenomenon repeatedly: not unlike spinning a plate on a broomstick, it is easy to get things going, but difficult to keep them stable and moving. Within the context of video games and other forms of cultural heritage (where most software preservation efforts have lately been focused), this challenge has several characteristic expressions, some technical (e.g., the difficulty of capturing and emulating protected binary files and proprietary hardware), and some legal (e.g., providing archive users with access to preserved games in the face of variously threatening end user licence agreements). In other contexts, such as the preservation of research-oriented software, there can be additional challenges, including insufficient awareness and training on unusual (or even unique) software and hardware systems, as well as a general lack of incentive for preserving “old data.” We believe that in both contexts, there is a relatively accessible solution: the fostering of communities of practice. Such groups are designed to bring together like-minded individuals to discuss, share, teach, implement, and sustain special interest groups—in this case, groups engaged in software preservation. In this paper, we present two approaches to sustaining software preservation efforts via community. The first is emphasizing within the community of practice the importance of “preservation through use,” that is, preserving software heritage by staying familiar with how it feels, looks, and works. The second approach for sustaining software preservation efforts is to convene direct and adjacent expertise to facilitate knowledge exchange across domain barriers to help address local needs; a sufficiently diverse community will be able (and eager) to provide these types of expertise on an as-needed basis. We outline here these sustainability mechanisms, then show how the networking of various domain-specific preservation efforts can be converted into a cohesive, transdisciplinary, and highly collaborative software preservation team. [This paper is a conference pre-print presented at IDCC 2020 after lightweight peer review.]
软件保存工作的简短历史反复说明了一个现象:就像在扫帚上旋转盘子一样,让事情运转起来很容易,但保持它们的稳定和移动却很困难。在电子游戏和其他形式的文化遗产(大多数软件保存工作最近都集中在这方面)的背景下,这一挑战有几个特点,一些是技术性的(例如,捕获和模拟受保护的二进制文件和专有硬件的难度),一些是法律上的(例如,在面对各种威胁的终端用户许可协议时,向存档用户提供访问保存的游戏的权限)。在其他情况下,例如保存以研究为导向的软件,可能会有额外的挑战,包括对不寻常的(甚至是独特的)软件和硬件系统的认识和培训不足,以及普遍缺乏保存“旧数据”的动力。我们相信,在这两种情况下,有一个相对容易的解决方案:培养实践社区。这样的小组旨在将志同道合的个人聚集在一起讨论、分享、教学、实现和维持特殊的兴趣小组——在这种情况下,是从事软件保存的小组。在本文中,我们提出了两种通过社区来维持软件保存工作的方法。第一个是在实践社区中强调“通过使用来保存”的重要性,也就是说,通过熟悉软件的感觉、外观和工作方式来保存软件遗产。维持软件保存工作的第二种方法是召集直接的和相邻的专家来促进跨领域障碍的知识交换,以帮助解决本地需求;一个足够多样化的社区将能够(并且渴望)在需要的基础上提供这些类型的专业知识。我们在这里概述了这些可持续性机制,然后展示了各种特定领域保存工作的网络如何转化为一个有凝聚力的、跨学科的、高度协作的软件保存团队。[本文是经过轻量级同行评审后在IDCC 2020上发表的会议预印本。]
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引用次数: 0
Do Open Data Badges Influence Author Behaviour? a Case Study at Springer Nature 开放数据徽章会影响作者行为吗?b施普林格Nature的案例研究
Pub Date : 2020-07-30 DOI: 10.31219/osf.io/6qsrt
Rebecca Pearce, R. Grant
Digital badges have previously been shown to incentivise journal authors to share their data openly. In this paper we introduce an Open data badging project at the Springer Nature journal BMC Microbiology. The development of the Open data badge is described, as well as the challenges of developing standard badging criteria and ensuring authors’ awareness of the badges. Next steps for the badging project are outlined, which are based on the experiences of the team assessing the badges, the number of badges awarded at the journal to date, and the results of an author survey.
此前,数字徽章已经被证明可以激励期刊作者公开分享他们的数据。在本文中,我们介绍了一个开放数据标记项目在施普林格自然杂志BMC微生物学。描述了开放数据徽章的开发,以及开发标准徽章标准和确保作者对徽章的认识所面临的挑战。根据评估徽章的团队的经验、迄今为止在期刊上颁发的徽章数量以及作者调查的结果,概述了徽章项目的下一步。
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引用次数: 0
Facilitating Access to Restricted Data 方便查阅受限制资料
Pub Date : 2020-07-22 DOI: 10.2218/ijdc.v15i1.602
Allison R. B. Tyler
The decision to allow users access to restricted and protected data is based on the development of trust in the user by data repositories. In this article, I propose a model of the process of trust development at restricted data repositories, a model which emphasizes the increasing levels of trust dependent on prior interactions between repositories and users. I find that repositories develop trust in their users through the interactions of four dimensions – promissory, experience, competence, and goodwill – that consider distinct types of researcher expertise and the role of a researcher’s reputation in the trust process. However, the processes used by repositories to determine a level of trust corresponding to data access are inconsistent and do not support the sharing of trusted users between repositories to maximize efficient yet secure access to restricted research data. I highlight the role of a researcher’s reputation as an important factor in trust development and trust transference, and discuss the implications of modelling the restricted data access process as a process of trust development.
允许用户访问受限制和受保护的数据的决定是基于数据存储库对用户信任的发展。在本文中,我提出了一个在受限数据存储库中开发信任过程的模型,该模型强调依赖于存储库和用户之间先前交互的信任级别的增加。我发现知识库通过四个维度——承诺、经验、能力和善意——的相互作用来建立对用户的信任,这四个维度考虑了不同类型的研究人员专业知识和研究人员声誉在信任过程中的作用。然而,存储库用于确定与数据访问相对应的信任级别的过程是不一致的,并且不支持在存储库之间共享可信用户,以最大限度地有效而安全地访问受限制的研究数据。我强调了研究人员的声誉在信任发展和信任转移中的重要作用,并讨论了将受限数据访问过程建模为信任发展过程的含义。
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引用次数: 1
An Exploratory Analysis of Social Science Graduate Education in Data Management and Data Sharing 社科研究生数据管理与数据共享教育探析
Pub Date : 2020-07-22 DOI: 10.2218/IJDC.V15I1.671
A. Doonan, Dharma Akmon, E. Cosby
Effective data management and data sharing are crucial components of the research lifecycle, yet evidence suggests that many social science graduate programs are not providing training in these areas. The current exploratory study assesses how U.S. masters and doctoral programs in the social sciences include formal, non-formal, and informal training in data management and sharing. We conducted a survey of 150 graduate programs across six social science disciplines, and used a mix of closed and open-ended questions focused on the extent to which programs provide such training and exposure. Results from our survey suggested a deficit of formal training in both data management and data sharing, limited non-formal training, and cursory informal exposure to these topics. Utilizing the results of our survey, we conducted a syllabus analysis to further explore the formal and non-formal content of graduate programs beyond self-report. Our syllabus analysis drew from an expanded seven social science disciplines for a total of 140 programs. The syllabus analysis supported our prior findings that formal and non-formal inclusion of data management and data sharing training is not common practice. Overall, in both the survey and syllabi study we found a lack of both formal and non-formal training on data management and data sharing. Our findings have implications for data repository staff and data service professionals as they consider their methods for encouraging data sharing and prepare for the needs of data depositors. These results can also inform the development and structuring of graduate education in the social sciences, so that researchers are trained early in data management and sharing skills and are able to benefit from making their data available as early in their careers as possible.
有效的数据管理和数据共享是研究生命周期的关键组成部分,然而有证据表明,许多社会科学研究生课程没有提供这些领域的培训。当前的探索性研究评估了美国社会科学硕士和博士课程如何包括数据管理和共享方面的正式、非正式和非正式培训。我们对六个社会科学学科的150个研究生项目进行了调查,并使用了封闭式和开放式问题的组合,重点关注项目提供此类培训和接触的程度。我们的调查结果表明,在数据管理和数据共享方面缺乏正规培训,非正规培训有限,对这些主题的非正式接触也很粗略。利用调查结果,我们进行了教学大纲分析,以进一步探索研究生课程中自我报告之外的正式和非正式内容。我们的教学大纲分析从七个社会科学学科扩展到总共140个项目。教学大纲分析支持了我们之前的发现,即正式和非正式的数据管理和数据共享培训并不常见。总体而言,在调查和教学大纲研究中,我们发现在数据管理和数据共享方面缺乏正式和非正式的培训。我们的研究结果对数据存储库工作人员和数据服务专业人员具有启示意义,因为他们考虑鼓励数据共享的方法,并为数据存款人的需求做好准备。这些结果还可以为社会科学研究生教育的发展和结构提供信息,以便研究人员在数据管理和共享技能方面得到早期培训,并能够在其职业生涯中尽早提供数据,从而受益。
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引用次数: 2
Towards Continuous Quality Control for Spoken Language Corpora 面向口语语料库的持续质量控制
Pub Date : 2020-07-22 DOI: 10.2218/ijdc.v15i1.601
Anne Ferger, H. Hedeland
This paper describes the development of a systematic approach to the creation, management and curation of linguistic resources, particularly spoken language corpora. It also presents first steps towards a framework for continuous quality control to be used within external research projects by non-technical users, and discuss various domain and discipline specific problems and individual solutions. The creation of spoken language corpora is not only a time-consuming and costly process, but the created resources often represent intangible cultural heritage, containing recordings of, for example, extinct languages or historical events. Since high quality resources are needed to enable re-use in as many future contexts as possible, researchers need to be provided with the necessary means for quality control. We believe that this includes methods and tools adapted to Humanities researchers as non-technical users, and that these methods and tools need to be developed to support existing tasks and goals of research projects.
本文描述了一个系统的方法来创建,管理和策展语言资源,特别是口语语料库的发展。它还向非技术用户在外部研究项目中使用的持续质量控制框架提出了第一步,并讨论了各种领域和学科特定问题以及个别解决方案。口语语料库的创建不仅是一个耗时和昂贵的过程,而且所创建的资源往往是非物质文化遗产,例如包含已灭绝语言或历史事件的记录。由于需要高质量的资源,以便在尽可能多的未来环境中重复使用,因此需要为研究人员提供必要的质量控制手段。我们认为,这包括适合人文学科研究人员作为非技术用户的方法和工具,这些方法和工具需要开发,以支持现有的任务和研究项目的目标。
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引用次数: 4
Design and Implementation of the first Generic Archive Storage Service for Research Data in Germany 德国首个研究数据通用档案存储服务的设计与实现
Pub Date : 2020-07-22 DOI: 10.2218/ijdc.v15i1.553
Felix Bach, B. Schembera, J. V. Wezel
Research data as the true valuable good in science must be saved and subsequently kept findable, accessible and reusable for reasons of proper scientific conduct for a time span of several years. However, managing long-term storage of research data is a burden for institutes and researchers. Because of the sheer size and the required retention time apt storage providers are hard to find. Aiming to solve this puzzle, the bwDataArchive project started development of a long-term research data archive that is reliable, cost effective and able store multiple petabytes of data. The hardware consists of data storage on magnetic tape, interfaced with disk caches and nodes for data movement and access. On the software side, the High Performance Storage System (HPSS) was chosen for its proven ability to reliably store huge amounts of data. However, the implementation of bwDataArchive is not dependant on HPSS. For authentication the bwDataArchive is integrated into the federated identity management for educational institutions in the State of Baden-Württemberg in Germany. The archive features data protection by means of a dual copy at two distinct locations on different tape technologies, data accessibility by common storage protocols, data retention assurance for more than ten years, data preservation with checksums, and data management capabilities supported by a flexible directory structure allowing sharing and publication. As of September 2019, the bwDataArchive holds over 9 PB and 90 million files and sees a constant increase in usage and users from many communities.
研究数据作为科学中真正有价值的东西,必须保存下来,并在随后的几年内保持可查找、可访问和可重复使用,以进行适当的科学行为。然而,管理研究数据的长期存储对研究所和研究人员来说是一种负担。由于庞大的规模和所需的保留时间,很难找到合适的存储提供商。为了解决这个难题,bwDataArchive项目开始开发一种长期的研究数据存档,它可靠、经济、能够存储多个pb的数据。硬件包括磁带上的数据存储,与磁盘缓存和用于数据移动和访问的节点相连。在软件方面,选择了高性能存储系统(HPSS),因为它具有可靠存储大量数据的能力。然而,bwDataArchive的实现并不依赖于HPSS。为了进行身份验证,bwDataArchive被集成到德国巴登州符腾堡州教育机构的联邦身份管理中。通过在不同磁带技术上的两个不同位置上的双重副本来实现数据保护,通过通用存储协议进行数据访问,保证数据保留超过十年,使用校验和进行数据保存,以及通过允许共享和发布的灵活目录结构支持的数据管理功能。截至2019年9月,bwDataArchive拥有超过9pb和9000万份文件,并且来自许多社区的使用量和用户不断增加。
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引用次数: 0
Data Practices in Digital History 数字历史中的数据实践
Pub Date : 2020-07-22 DOI: 10.2218/ijdc.v15i1.597
Rongqian Ma, Fanghui Xiao
This paper presents an exploratory research project that investigates data practices in digital history research. Emerging from the 1950s and ‘60s in the United States, digital history remains a charged topic among historians, requiring a new research paradigm that includes new concepts and methodologies, an intensive degree of interdisciplinary, inter-institutional, and international collaboration, and experimental forms of research sharing, publishing, and evaluation. Using mixed methods of interviews and questionnaire, we identified data challenges in digital history research practices from three perspectives: ontology (e.g., the notion of data in historical research); workflow (e.g., data collection, processing, preservation, presentation and sharing); and challenges. Extending from the results, we also provide a critical discussion of the state-of-art in digital history research, particularly in respect of metadata, data sharing, digital history training, collaboration, as well as the transformation of librarians’ roles in digital history projects. We conclude with provisional recommendations of better data practices for participants in digital history, from the perspective of library and information science.
本文提出了一个探索性研究项目,探讨数字历史研究中的数据实践。数字历史兴起于20世纪50年代和60年代的美国,在历史学家中仍然是一个充满争议的话题,需要一种新的研究范式,包括新的概念和方法,跨学科、机构间和国际合作的密集程度,以及研究共享、出版和评估的实验形式。采用访谈和问卷调查的混合方法,我们从三个角度确定了数字历史研究实践中的数据挑战:本体(例如,历史研究中的数据概念);工作流程(如数据收集、处理、保存、呈现和共享);和挑战。在此基础上,我们还对数字历史研究的现状进行了批判性的讨论,特别是在元数据、数据共享、数字历史培训、合作以及图书馆员在数字历史项目中的角色转变方面。最后,我们从图书馆和信息科学的角度,为数字历史的参与者提供了更好的数据实践的临时建议。
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引用次数: 0
The Red Queen in the Repository 红皇后在仓库里
Pub Date : 2020-07-22 DOI: 10.2218/ijdc.v15i1.646
J. Philipson
One of the grand curation challenges is to secure metadata quality in the ever-changing environment of metadata standards and file formats. As the Red Queen tells Alice in Through the Looking-Glass: “Now, here, you see, it takes all the running you can do, to keep in the same place.” That is, there is some “running” needed to keep metadata records in a research data repository fit for long-term use and put in place. One of the main tools of adaptation and keeping pace with the evolution of new standards, formats – and versions of standards in this ever-changing environment are validation schemas. Validation schemas are mainly seen as methods of checking data quality and fitness for use, but are also important for long-term preservation. We might like to think that our present (meta)data standards and formats are made for eternity, but in reality we know that standards evolve, formats change (some even become obsolete with time), and so do our needs for storage, searching and future dissemination for re-use. Eventually, we come to a point where transformation of our archival records and migration to other formats will be necessary. This could also mean that even if the AIPs, the Archival Information Packages stay the same in storage, the DIPs, the Dissemination Information Packages that we want to extract from the archive are subject to change of format. Further, in order for archival information packages to be self-sustainable, as required in the OAIS model, it is important to take interdependencies between individual files in the information packages into account. This should be done already by the time of ingest and validation of the SIPs, the Submission Information Packages, and along the line at different points of necessary transformation/migration (from SIP to AIP, from AIP to DIP etc.), in order to counter obsolescence. This paper investigates possible validation errors and missing elements in metadata records from three general purpose, multidisciplinary research data repositories – Figshare, Harvard’s Dataverse and Zenodo, and explores the potential effects of these errors on future transformation to AIPs and migration to other formats within a digital archive.  
管理的一大挑战是在不断变化的元数据标准和文件格式环境中确保元数据的质量。就像《爱丽丝镜中奇遇记》中红方王后对爱丽丝说的那样:“现在,你看,在这里,你必须竭尽全力地奔跑,才能保持原地不动。”也就是说,需要一些“运行”来将元数据记录保存在适合长期使用的研究数据存储库中。在这个不断变化的环境中,适应和跟上新标准、格式和标准版本的发展的主要工具之一是验证模式。验证模式主要被视为检查数据质量和适用性的方法,但对于长期保存也很重要。我们可能会认为我们现在的(元)数据标准和格式是永恒的,但实际上我们知道标准在发展,格式在变化(有些甚至随着时间的推移而过时),我们对存储、搜索和未来传播的需求也是如此。最终,我们到达一个点,我们的档案记录的转换和迁移到其他格式将是必要的。这也可能意味着,即使aip(档案信息包)在存储中保持不变,我们想要从档案中提取的dip(传播信息包)也可能会改变格式。此外,为了使档案信息包能够如OAIS模式所要求的那样自我维持,必须考虑到信息包中各个文件之间的相互依赖关系。这应该在SIP、提交信息包的摄取和验证之前完成,并在必要的转换/迁移(从SIP到AIP,从AIP到DIP等)的不同点上完成,以防止过时。本文调查了来自三个通用的多学科研究数据存储库(Figshare、哈佛大学的Dataverse和Zenodo)的元数据记录中可能存在的验证错误和缺失元素,并探讨了这些错误对未来转换到aip和迁移到数字档案中的其他格式的潜在影响。
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引用次数: 2
Towards Trusted Identities for Swiss Researchers and their Data 瑞士研究人员及其数据的可信身份
Pub Date : 2020-02-04 DOI: 10.2218/ijdc.v14i1.596
Julien Antoine Raemy, René Schneider
In this paper we report on efforts to enhance the Swiss persistent identifier (PID) ecosystem. We will firstly describe the current situation and the need for improvement in order to describe in full detail the steps undertaken to create a Swiss-wide model. A case study was undertaken by using several data sets from the domains of art and design in the context of the ICOPAD project. We will provide a set of recommendations to enable a PID service that could mint Archival Resource Key (ARK) identifiers or a flavour of Research Resource Identifiers (RRIDs) as complement to Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs). We will conclude with some remarks concerning the transferability of this approach to other areas and the requirements for a national hub for PID management in Switzerland.
在本文中,我们报告了加强瑞士持久标识符(PID)生态系统的努力。我们将首先描述目前的情况和改进的需要,以便详细描述为创建全瑞士模式所采取的步骤。在人发会议项目的背景下,利用艺术和设计领域的若干数据集进行了个案研究。我们将提供一组建议,以启用PID服务,该服务可以生成档案资源密钥(ARK)标识符或一种研究资源标识符(rrid),作为数字对象标识符(doi)的补充。最后,我们将就这一办法在其他领域的可转移性以及在瑞士建立一个国家PID管理中心的要求发表一些意见。
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引用次数: 0
The CODATA-RDA Data Steward School CODATA-RDA数据管理学院
Pub Date : 2020-01-15 DOI: 10.2218/ijdc.v15i1.711
Daniel Bangert, Joy Davidson, S. Diggs, M. Grootveld, Hugh P. Shanahan, Shanmugasundaram Venkataraman
Given the expected increase in demand for Data Stewards and Data Stewardship skills it is clear that there is a need to develop training, education and CPD (continuous professional development) in this area.In this paper a brief introduction is provided to the origin of definitions of Data Stewardship. Also it notes the present tendency towards equivalence between Data Stewardship skills and FAIR principles. It then focuses on one specific training event – the pilot Data Stewardship strand of the CODATA-RDA Research Data Science schools that by the time of the IDCC meeting will have been held in Trieste in August 2019. The paper will discuss the overall curriculum for the pilot school, how it matches with the FAIR4S framework, and plans for getting feedback from the students.Finally, the paper discuss future plans for the school, in particular how to deepen the integration between the Data Stewardship strand with the Early Career Researcher strand.
鉴于对数据管理员和数据管理技能的需求预计会增加,显然需要在这一领域开展培训、教育和持续专业发展(CPD)。本文简要介绍了数据管理定义的起源。它还注意到目前数据管理技能和公平原则之间的对等趋势。然后,它将重点关注一个具体的培训活动- CODATA-RDA研究数据科学学校的试点数据管理链,到IDCC会议召开时,该活动将于2019年8月在的里雅斯特举行。本文将讨论试点学校的整体课程,如何与FAIR4S框架相匹配,以及从学生那里获得反馈的计划。最后,本文讨论了学校未来的计划,特别是如何深化数据管理链与早期职业研究者链之间的整合。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
International journal of digital curation
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