Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.17730/0888-4552.45.2.40
Mizna Mohamed, A. Jameel
The Maldives’ huge waste management challenge threatens ocean and marine life. Government and non-governmental organizations have conducted environmental awareness and education programs; although, such short-lived, one-off awareness raising approaches have been unsuccessful. Our research using a modified Trials of Improved Practices (TIPs) approach looked into replacing plastic bags used in households with reusable ones, particularly for shopping. Households found changing to reusable bags hard due to habit, but a bigger barrier was the municipal waste collection guidelines that require disposal of waste in a plastic bag. Though households are aware of and interested in reducing environmental impacts, all participating households stated they cannot fully change to reusable bags.
{"title":"Sustainability Begins at HOME: Challenges in Replacing Plastic Bags in Urban Households in the Maldives","authors":"Mizna Mohamed, A. Jameel","doi":"10.17730/0888-4552.45.2.40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17730/0888-4552.45.2.40","url":null,"abstract":"The Maldives’ huge waste management challenge threatens ocean and marine life. Government and non-governmental organizations have conducted environmental awareness and education programs; although, such short-lived, one-off awareness raising approaches have been unsuccessful. Our research using a modified Trials of Improved Practices (TIPs) approach looked into replacing plastic bags used in households with reusable ones, particularly for shopping. Households found changing to reusable bags hard due to habit, but a bigger barrier was the municipal waste collection guidelines that require disposal of waste in a plastic bag. Though households are aware of and interested in reducing environmental impacts, all participating households stated they cannot fully change to reusable bags.","PeriodicalId":87338,"journal":{"name":"Practicing anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87134435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.17730/0888-4552.45.2.25
L. Krieger, Natividad Pantaleón, Daniel Abreu
The Trials of Improved Practices (TIPs) approach permits very rapid formative research for policy formation and social and behavior change programming. TIPs’ roots lie in ethnography and commercial marketing. It is initiated after qualitative, often ethnographic, formative research and is based on those research results. TIPs focuses on behavior and what people can and are willing to do; in this case, to support an improved solid waste management (SWM) system. Through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) Clean Cities, Blue Ocean (CCBO) program, we conducted TIPs in Samaná Province, Dominican Republic, after completing a qualitative study of households and waste. We followed the TIPs sample as members tried out their chosen new behaviors, for example, waste segregation, over the course of a week. Most people felt empowered through segregating waste, perhaps because the qualitative study revealed that most residents felt dispirited and hopeless about the waste in their environment.
{"title":"Trials of Improved Practices (Tips) in the Dominican Republic to Develop a Solid Waste Management System and Social and Behavior Change","authors":"L. Krieger, Natividad Pantaleón, Daniel Abreu","doi":"10.17730/0888-4552.45.2.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17730/0888-4552.45.2.25","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The Trials of Improved Practices (TIPs) approach permits very rapid formative research for policy formation and social and behavior change programming. TIPs’ roots lie in ethnography and commercial marketing. It is initiated after qualitative, often ethnographic, formative research and is based on those research results. TIPs focuses on behavior and what people can and are willing to do; in this case, to support an improved solid waste management (SWM) system. Through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) Clean Cities, Blue Ocean (CCBO) program, we conducted TIPs in Samaná Province, Dominican Republic, after completing a qualitative study of households and waste. We followed the TIPs sample as members tried out their chosen new behaviors, for example, waste segregation, over the course of a week. Most people felt empowered through segregating waste, perhaps because the qualitative study revealed that most residents felt dispirited and hopeless about the waste in their environment.","PeriodicalId":87338,"journal":{"name":"Practicing anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87063155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.17730/0888-4552.45.2.2
L. Krieger
Solid waste (AKA ‘garbage’ or ‘trash’) provides an opportunity for anthropologists to practice and make a real difference in the environment, climate change, and in social and infrastructural inequalities. Solid waste, with its increasingly large plastic content, is also methodologically and theoretically interesting to more of us than archaeologists. The solid waste management (SWM) sector provides an extraordinary opportunity for fruitful interdisciplinary collaboration. And since the field has not been overpopulated by social scientists, it’s possible to blaze a new substantive, methodological, and theoretical path. Clean Cities, Blue Ocean (CCBO) is the United States Agency for International Development’s (USAID) global program to address ocean plastic pollution under the United States government’s Save Our Seas INTRODUCTION TO “ONE WORD: PLASTICS” PRACTICING ANTHROPOLOGY IN SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT: USAID CLEAN CITIES, BLUE OCEAN
{"title":"Introduction to “One Word: Plastics","authors":"L. Krieger","doi":"10.17730/0888-4552.45.2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17730/0888-4552.45.2.2","url":null,"abstract":"Solid waste (AKA ‘garbage’ or ‘trash’) provides an opportunity for anthropologists to practice and make a real difference in the environment, climate change, and in social and infrastructural inequalities. Solid waste, with its increasingly large plastic content, is also methodologically and theoretically interesting to more of us than archaeologists. The solid waste management (SWM) sector provides an extraordinary opportunity for fruitful interdisciplinary collaboration. And since the field has not been overpopulated by social scientists, it’s possible to blaze a new substantive, methodological, and theoretical path. Clean Cities, Blue Ocean (CCBO) is the United States Agency for International Development’s (USAID) global program to address ocean plastic pollution under the United States government’s Save Our Seas INTRODUCTION TO “ONE WORD: PLASTICS” PRACTICING ANTHROPOLOGY IN SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT: USAID CLEAN CITIES, BLUE OCEAN","PeriodicalId":87338,"journal":{"name":"Practicing anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76505120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.17730/0888-4552.45.2.32
Mizna Mohamed, K. Izydorczyk, Azhoora Ahmed, M. Ibrahim, Gordon Jackson
Waste management in the small island communities of the Maldives is challenging due to the fragility of the low-lying islands and the logistical complexities of a geographically dispersed setting. The Soneva Namoona team is developing a holistic sustainable waste management model that is suited to the context of such islands. In this article, we present the findings of household-level waste segregation trials implemented in four islands in Baa Atoll using the Trials of Improved Practices (TIPs) research method. Thirty-eight of 45 households successfully completed the trial, and we observed participants’ high willingness to segregate. The main challenges included difficulty in communicating and coordinating new segregation behaviors with household members and the lack of space in households for keeping separate containers. We also observed that coordination with the Island Waste and Resource Management Centres (IWRMCs) was vital for successful household segregation.
{"title":"Trialing Household Waste Segregation in Island Communities of the Maldives","authors":"Mizna Mohamed, K. Izydorczyk, Azhoora Ahmed, M. Ibrahim, Gordon Jackson","doi":"10.17730/0888-4552.45.2.32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17730/0888-4552.45.2.32","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Waste management in the small island communities of the Maldives is challenging due to the fragility of the low-lying islands and the logistical complexities of a geographically dispersed setting. The Soneva Namoona team is developing a holistic sustainable waste management model that is suited to the context of such islands. In this article, we present the findings of household-level waste segregation trials implemented in four islands in Baa Atoll using the Trials of Improved Practices (TIPs) research method. Thirty-eight of 45 households successfully completed the trial, and we observed participants’ high willingness to segregate. The main challenges included difficulty in communicating and coordinating new segregation behaviors with household members and the lack of space in households for keeping separate containers. We also observed that coordination with the Island Waste and Resource Management Centres (IWRMCs) was vital for successful household segregation.","PeriodicalId":87338,"journal":{"name":"Practicing anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77103822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.17730/0888-4552.45.2.47
Kathleen N. Skoczen, Maria A Caram Ibarra
The Dominican Republic (DR) experienced an economic boom related to tourism development over the last 30 years. Subsequently, consumption has increased, accompanied by an exponential growth in inorganic waste. Without adequate solid waste management, an environmental crisis has developed. Plastic waste litters roadsides, streets, streams, and beaches, threatening the very industry that enabled it. Informal waste collectors are on the front line of addressing, if not alleviating, the crisis but are regarded as marginal and inconsequential. A new waste regime is inevitable and imminent. Waste collectors are justifiably concerned that new systems may threaten their livelihoods. As such, they leverage their work, vis-à-vis a gift economy, to place themselves as essential to addressing the environmental crisis.
{"title":"Buzo Or Recycler: Waste Collecting as Gift Exchange in the Context of a New Waste Regime","authors":"Kathleen N. Skoczen, Maria A Caram Ibarra","doi":"10.17730/0888-4552.45.2.47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17730/0888-4552.45.2.47","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The Dominican Republic (DR) experienced an economic boom related to tourism development over the last 30 years. Subsequently, consumption has increased, accompanied by an exponential growth in inorganic waste. Without adequate solid waste management, an environmental crisis has developed. Plastic waste litters roadsides, streets, streams, and beaches, threatening the very industry that enabled it. Informal waste collectors are on the front line of addressing, if not alleviating, the crisis but are regarded as marginal and inconsequential. A new waste regime is inevitable and imminent. Waste collectors are justifiably concerned that new systems may threaten their livelihoods. As such, they leverage their work, vis-à-vis a gift economy, to place themselves as essential to addressing the environmental crisis.","PeriodicalId":87338,"journal":{"name":"Practicing anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90969580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.17730/0888-4552.45.2.13
Heide Kerber
Phu Quoc Island is famous for its sun, sand, and sea, but tourism struggles with visible plastic pollution. The colorful plastic waste disrupts tourists’ imaginaries of a pristine, tropical paradise. To counter the threat of image loss, local authorities and the tourism industry create both materially and symbolically ‘clean’ places that fulfil the scenery tourists seek. Drawing on my human geography background, I frame this making, maintaining, and manipulation of attractive environmental features as place-making practices. Yet, the creation of an appealing environment makes it necessary to find places to store the immense amounts of waste. I understand these places as ‘places behind the scene,’ referring to Goffman’s theatre metaphor of front- and backstage settings. The paper illuminates how waste-tourism entanglements foster the creation of front- and backstage places, which ultimately lead to an increasing socio-spatial fragmentation of the island.
{"title":"Postcard Motifs and Littered Landscapes: How the Inglorious Relationship Between Tourism and Waste (Re)Shapes Phu Quoc Island’s Appearance","authors":"Heide Kerber","doi":"10.17730/0888-4552.45.2.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17730/0888-4552.45.2.13","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Phu Quoc Island is famous for its sun, sand, and sea, but tourism struggles with visible plastic pollution. The colorful plastic waste disrupts tourists’ imaginaries of a pristine, tropical paradise. To counter the threat of image loss, local authorities and the tourism industry create both materially and symbolically ‘clean’ places that fulfil the scenery tourists seek. Drawing on my human geography background, I frame this making, maintaining, and manipulation of attractive environmental features as place-making practices. Yet, the creation of an appealing environment makes it necessary to find places to store the immense amounts of waste. I understand these places as ‘places behind the scene,’ referring to Goffman’s theatre metaphor of front- and backstage settings. The paper illuminates how waste-tourism entanglements foster the creation of front- and backstage places, which ultimately lead to an increasing socio-spatial fragmentation of the island.","PeriodicalId":87338,"journal":{"name":"Practicing anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74095108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.17730/0888-4552.45.1.10
M. Brear, L. Manderson
Funders promote data sharing to increase transparency and enable new analyses with existing data, re-analysis, and new publications. Although evidence of these instrumental impacts of data sharing is lacking, there is a compelling case to share anthropological data as intrinsically valuable public cultural goods and to inform practice, including during public health crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the potential values of sharing data need to be balanced against the risks of harms associated with the identification of participants, institutions, and communities. The expectation that data should be shared needs to be coupled with funding to develop the principles, resources, and guidance to support optimally ethical and valuable approaches for sharing anthropological data.
{"title":"The Challenges of Data Sharing","authors":"M. Brear, L. Manderson","doi":"10.17730/0888-4552.45.1.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17730/0888-4552.45.1.10","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Funders promote data sharing to increase transparency and enable new analyses with existing data, re-analysis, and new publications. Although evidence of these instrumental impacts of data sharing is lacking, there is a compelling case to share anthropological data as intrinsically valuable public cultural goods and to inform practice, including during public health crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the potential values of sharing data need to be balanced against the risks of harms associated with the identification of participants, institutions, and communities. The expectation that data should be shared needs to be coupled with funding to develop the principles, resources, and guidance to support optimally ethical and valuable approaches for sharing anthropological data.","PeriodicalId":87338,"journal":{"name":"Practicing anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82334753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.17730/0888-4552.45.1.4
Emily C. Donaldson
Anthropologists today are constantly challenged to understand and navigate our relationships to others, ourselves, our contexts, and our institutions. For my part, repeatedly facing the question, “What is your affiliation?” has recently made me wonder what that particular relationship means. Recent trends suggest that most of this year’s freshly-minted anthropology Ph.D.s will take their hard-earned expertise to fields outside of academia, where it and other social science perspectives are sorely needed to address the world’s current crises. But as anthropology programs face tightening budgets, more career-oriented students, and the threat of termination, we should be asking how academic anthropologists can better recognize and draw upon all those who have trained in our field. This piece explores the effects and waning relevance of university affiliation on our discipline, at a time when we are striving to achieve greater equality, accessibility, and applicability.
{"title":"The Problem with University Affiliation: Notes from an Independent Scholar","authors":"Emily C. Donaldson","doi":"10.17730/0888-4552.45.1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17730/0888-4552.45.1.4","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Anthropologists today are constantly challenged to understand and navigate our relationships to others, ourselves, our contexts, and our institutions. For my part, repeatedly facing the question, “What is your affiliation?” has recently made me wonder what that particular relationship means. Recent trends suggest that most of this year’s freshly-minted anthropology Ph.D.s will take their hard-earned expertise to fields outside of academia, where it and other social science perspectives are sorely needed to address the world’s current crises. But as anthropology programs face tightening budgets, more career-oriented students, and the threat of termination, we should be asking how academic anthropologists can better recognize and draw upon all those who have trained in our field. This piece explores the effects and waning relevance of university affiliation on our discipline, at a time when we are striving to achieve greater equality, accessibility, and applicability.","PeriodicalId":87338,"journal":{"name":"Practicing anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83437774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.17730/0888-4552.45.1.34
Rachael Sorcher, A. Salazar, Elvis Gatchalian, Juanjoe (Rhed) Gonzales, E. Cloete
Sanitation interventions are bountiful, yet concerns prevail regarding their impact and sustainability. Community-led initiatives, such as those facilitated by Outreach Philippines, Incorporated (OPI), prove to ease such concerns. The research team conducted a qualitative study to understand the role of OPI’s sanitation activities and their impact on three communities in the rural Philippines. Due to COVID-19 restrictions, the team adapted their data collection strategy by employing Most Significant Change and Photovoice methodologies. The breadth of data collected underscores the vitality that multimedia brings to data collection. Significantly, the pivoting necessary to conduct the study was made possible by OPI staff and community leaders who played integral roles in developing and carrying out the research. The findings point to the advantages of using multiple qualitative methods, the necessity to do so during COVID-19, and community members’ ability to bolster study success.
{"title":"Perks of Pivoting: Key Learnings from Data Collection Amid COVID-19 Regulations","authors":"Rachael Sorcher, A. Salazar, Elvis Gatchalian, Juanjoe (Rhed) Gonzales, E. Cloete","doi":"10.17730/0888-4552.45.1.34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17730/0888-4552.45.1.34","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Sanitation interventions are bountiful, yet concerns prevail regarding their impact and sustainability. Community-led initiatives, such as those facilitated by Outreach Philippines, Incorporated (OPI), prove to ease such concerns. The research team conducted a qualitative study to understand the role of OPI’s sanitation activities and their impact on three communities in the rural Philippines. Due to COVID-19 restrictions, the team adapted their data collection strategy by employing Most Significant Change and Photovoice methodologies. The breadth of data collected underscores the vitality that multimedia brings to data collection. Significantly, the pivoting necessary to conduct the study was made possible by OPI staff and community leaders who played integral roles in developing and carrying out the research. The findings point to the advantages of using multiple qualitative methods, the necessity to do so during COVID-19, and community members’ ability to bolster study success.","PeriodicalId":87338,"journal":{"name":"Practicing anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77870834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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