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Big Data Science Training Program at a Minority Serving Institution: Processes and Initial Outcomes. 少数民族服务机构的大数据科学培训计划:过程与初步成果。
Archana Jaiswal McEligot, Math P Cuajungco, Sam Behseta, Laura Chandler, Harmanpreet Chauhan, Sinjini Mitra, Pimbucha Rusmevichientong, Shana Charles
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引用次数: 0
The Association between Total Folate Intakes and Depression amongst Three Racial/Ethnic Groups. 三个种族/族裔群体中叶酸总摄入量与抑郁症之间的关系。
Archana J McEligot, Shaina Sta Cruz, Stephen Gonzalez, Janice M Pogoda

Background and purpose: Low dietary folate intake has been associated with depression outcomes, but few studies have been reported on the association in diverse populations. Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), we examined the relationship between depression and folate intake from diet and supplementation in non-Hispanic whites, Hispanics and African Americans.

Methods: 3,687 adult respondents from the 2009-2010 NHANES cycle were included. Statistical methods for analyzing data from complex survey sample designs were used to assess differences by race/ethnicity in demographic, behavioral, dietary and depression variables and to assess the relationship between depression and folate, adjusting for confounding variables using multivariable logistic regression.

Results: We observed significant (p < 0.01) differences by race/ethnicity for all demographic, behavioral, dietary and depression variables, except for physical activity. The relationship between dietary folate and depression significantly differed by race/ethnicity (p = 0.03), with an inverse and significant association in Hispanics only (OR= 0.25; 95% CI= 0.09 - 0.70.; p for trend = 0.02).

Conclusion: These data suggest that a diet high in folate, such as from dark green leafy vegetables, may be associated with a reduced odds for depression, and specifically, Hispanics may benefit from nutrition education to potentially reduce depression in the population.

背景和目的:低叶酸摄入与抑郁症有关,但在不同人群中很少有相关研究报道。利用国家健康与营养调查(NHANES)的数据,我们研究了非西班牙裔白人、西班牙裔美国人和非洲裔美国人从饮食和补充剂中摄入叶酸与抑郁症之间的关系。方法:选取2009-2010年NHANES周期的3687名成人调查对象。采用统计方法分析来自复杂调查样本设计的数据,评估不同种族/民族在人口统计学、行为、饮食和抑郁变量方面的差异,评估抑郁与叶酸之间的关系,并使用多变量逻辑回归对混杂变量进行调整。结果:我们观察到除体育活动外,所有人口统计学、行为、饮食和抑郁变量在种族/民族之间存在显著差异(p < 0.01)。膳食叶酸与抑郁症之间的关系因种族/民族而有显著差异(p = 0.03),仅在西班牙裔中呈显著负相关(OR= 0.25;95% ci = 0.09 - 0.70。P代表趋势= 0.02)。结论:这些数据表明,富含叶酸的饮食,如深绿色叶蔬菜,可能与降低抑郁症的几率有关,特别是,西班牙裔可能受益于营养教育,以潜在地减少人口中的抑郁症。
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引用次数: 0
Association between Caffeine Consumption and Depression in NHANES 2009-2010. NHANES 2009-2010中咖啡因摄入与抑郁症的关系。
Janice M Pogoda, Galilea Patricio, Archana J McEligot

Background and purpose: Caffeine is ubiquitous in foods, supplements, and medications and has been hypothesized to be associated with several health-related outcomes, including mental health disorders such as anxiety. We explored a possible relationship between caffeine consumption and depression using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).

Methods: Data from 1,342 adult NHANES participants were included. Statistical software for complex survey sample designs was used to perform two multivariable logistic regressions with a binary indicator of depression as the dependent variable: one using dietary caffeine consumption and one using the caffeine metabolite AAMU as the independent variable. Both analyses were adjusted for gender, race/ethnicity, smoking status, and use of anti-depressants.

Results: We observed a descriptive, albeit non-significant (p = 0.12), pattern of increasing odds of depression with increasing levels of the AAMU caffeine metabolite.

Conclusion: Our finding of a possible association between caffeine metabolite level and depression is compelling because it is independent of self-reported caffeine consumption. Prospective studies are warranted to further explore the temporal relationship.

背景和目的:咖啡因在食物、补充剂和药物中无处不在,并被假设与几种健康相关的结果有关,包括焦虑等精神健康障碍。我们利用国家健康与营养检查调查(NHANES)的数据探讨了咖啡因摄入与抑郁症之间的可能关系。方法:纳入来自1342名成人NHANES参与者的数据。使用复杂调查样本设计的统计软件进行两个多变量logistic回归,其中一个以抑郁的二元指标为因变量:一个以膳食咖啡因摄入量为变量,一个以咖啡因代谢物AAMU为自变量。两项分析都根据性别、种族/民族、吸烟状况和抗抑郁药物的使用进行了调整。结果:我们观察到一个描述性的模式,尽管不显著(p = 0.12),随着AAMU咖啡因代谢物水平的增加,抑郁症的几率增加。结论:我们发现咖啡因代谢物水平与抑郁症之间可能存在联系,这一发现令人信服,因为它与自我报告的咖啡因摄入量无关。前瞻性研究有必要进一步探讨时间关系。
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引用次数: 0
Can Multimedia Tools Promote Big Data Learning and Knowledge in a Diverse Undergraduate Student Population? 多媒体工具能在多样化的大学生群体中促进大数据学习和知识吗?
Sinjini Mitra, Archana J McEligot

Background and purpose: Multimedia tools are an integral part of teaching and learning in today's technology-driven world. The present study explored the role of a newly-developed video introducing the emerging field of big data to a diverse undergraduate student population. Particularly, we investigated whether introduction of a multimedia tool would influence students' self-perceived knowledge related to various big data concepts and future interest in pursuing the field, and what factors influence these.

Methods: Students (n = 331) completed a survey on-line after viewing the video, consisting of Likert-type and quantitative questions about students' learning experience, future interest in big data, and background. The dataset was analyzed via ANOVA and multiple linear regression methods.

Results: Gender, major, and intended degree were significantly associated with students' learning experience and future interest in big data. Moreover, students who had no prior exposure to big data reported a better learning experience, although they also reported less likelihood to pursue it in the future.

Conclusion: Multimedia tools may serve as an effective learning tool in introducing and creating interest in a diverse group of students related to introductory big data science concepts. Both similarities and differences were observed regarding such behaviors among different student sub-groups.

背景和目的:在当今技术驱动的世界中,多媒体工具是教学和学习不可或缺的一部分。本研究探讨了一个新开发的视频的作用,向不同的本科生群体介绍新兴的大数据领域。特别是,我们调查了多媒体工具的引入是否会影响学生对各种大数据概念的自我感知知识和未来对该领域的兴趣,以及影响这些的因素。方法:学生(n = 331)在观看视频后完成在线调查,调查内容包括学生的学习经历、未来对大数据的兴趣和背景等likert型和定量问题。采用方差分析和多元线性回归方法对数据集进行分析。结果:性别、专业、意向学位与学生的学习经历及未来对大数据的兴趣显著相关。此外,之前没有接触过大数据的学生报告了更好的学习体验,尽管他们也报告了未来追求大数据的可能性较小。结论:多媒体工具可以作为一种有效的学习工具,在介绍和培养与大数据科学概念相关的不同学生群体的兴趣。在不同的学生群体中,这些行为既有相似之处,也有差异。
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引用次数: 0
California Public Health Departments Remotely Treat Tuberculosis: Outcomes & Opportunities 加州公共卫生部门远程治疗结核病:结果和机会
Pub Date : 2017-08-01 DOI: 10.32398/CJHP.V15I2.1898
L. Ritter, M. Kwong, Laura M. Nasseri
Background and Purpose: Using video-based directly observed therapy (VDOT) to remotely monitor tuberculosis (TB) patients’ treatment is now a viable option due to the advancement and expansion of technology. This study determined the utilization levels, benefits, barriers, and outcomes of California public health departments using VDOT to treat TB. Methods: Interviews (n=7) with pilot site staff in California and a survey (n=56) were used for data collection. In 2015 the survey was disseminated to attendees of the California Tuberculosis Control Association annual conference. Results: Almost 27 percent (n=15) of survey respondents were using VDOT. Reported benefits were high and centered on patient and provider satisfaction, cost savings, and staff safety. The highest concern was reimbursement, specifically that California’s Medicaid program, Medi-Cal, reimburses for in-person DOT but not VDOT. Conclusion: VDOT is a practical and effective option for providing DOT as it has many benefits with minimal concerns. Reimbursement equal to that of in-person DOT and the continued technological improvements should alleviate the existing hindrances that are currently preventing many health departments from implementing VDOT or expanding their existing program. Satisfaction is high, outcomes are positive, and VDOT is cost effective so efforts should be made to break down the barriers to expansion.
背景与目的:由于技术的进步和扩展,使用基于视频的直接观察治疗(VDOT)来远程监测结核病(TB)患者的治疗现在是一种可行的选择。本研究确定了加州公共卫生部门使用VDOT治疗结核病的利用水平、效益、障碍和结果。方法:采用访谈(n=7)和问卷调查(n=56)的方法收集数据。2015年,该调查被分发给加州结核病控制协会年会的与会者。结果:近27% (n=15)的受访者使用VDOT。报告的收益很高,主要集中在患者和提供者满意度、成本节约和员工安全方面。最令人担忧的是报销问题,特别是加州的医疗补助计划(Medi-Cal)只报销个人DOT,而不报销VDOT。结论:VDOT是提供DOT的一种实用而有效的选择,因为它有很多好处,而且关注点最小。与现场DOT同等的补偿和持续的技术改进应该会减轻目前阻碍许多卫生部门实施VDOT或扩大其现有计划的现有障碍。满意度很高,结果是积极的,而且VDOT具有成本效益,因此应该努力打破扩展的障碍。
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引用次数: 1
Prevention of Adolescent Depression in Primary Care: Barriers and Relational Work Solutions. 初级保健预防青少年抑郁症:障碍和相关工作解决方案。
Pub Date : 2017-08-01 DOI: 10.32398/CJHP.V15I2.1895
N. Mahoney, Tracy R G Gladstone, D. Defrino, Allison Stinson, J. Nidetz, Jason Canel, Eumene Ching, Anita D Berry, James Cantorna, J. Fogel, M. Eder, M. Bolotin, B. V. Van Voorhees
Background and PurposeDepression affects millions of adolescents in the United States each year. This population may benefit from targeted preventive interventions. We sought to understand the internal factors that affect the ability of healthcare organizations to implement an intervention that involves mental health screening and depression prevention treatment of at-risk adolescents in primary care settings.MethodsFrom November 2011 to July 2016 we conducted a study of the implementation of a multisite (N=30) phase 3 randomized clinical trial of an Internet-based depression prevention intervention program (CATCH-IT). We describe the prevalence of internal barriers on the screening and enrollment process by reporting REACH (the proportion of target audience exposed to the intervention).ResultsA total of 369 adolescents were randomized into the intervention or control program. Mean REACH values for the study clinics were 0.216 for screening and 0.181 for enrollment to CATCH-IT. Mean REACH enrollment lost due to internal barriers was 0.233. This translated to 4,691 adolescents lost at screening and 2,443 adolescents lost at enrollment due to internal barriers.ConclusionWe propose a model of the implementation process that emphasizes the importance of positive relational work that assists in overcoming internal barriers to REACH. We also provide implications for policy and practice.
背景与目的在美国,抑郁症每年影响着数百万的青少年。这一人群可能受益于有针对性的预防性干预措施。我们试图了解影响医疗机构实施干预能力的内部因素,包括初级保健机构对高危青少年的心理健康筛查和抑郁预防治疗。方法:2011年11月至2016年7月,我们开展了一项基于互联网的抑郁症预防干预项目(CATCH-IT)的多地点(N=30) 3期随机临床试验的实施研究。我们通过报告REACH(暴露于干预措施的目标受众的比例)来描述筛查和登记过程中存在的内部障碍。结果369名青少年随机分为干预组和对照组。研究诊所筛查的平均REACH值为0.216,CATCH-IT入组的平均REACH值为0.181。由于内部障碍导致的平均REACH入组损失为0.233。这意味着4691名青少年在筛查中丢失,2443名青少年由于内部障碍而在登记中丢失。我们提出了一个实施过程的模型,强调积极的关系工作的重要性,帮助克服REACH的内部障碍。我们还为政策和实践提供了启示。
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引用次数: 7
Prevention of Adolescent Depression in Primary Care: Barriers and Relational Work Solutions. 初级保健预防青少年抑郁症:障碍和相关工作解决方案。
Nicholas Mahoney, Tracy Gladstone, Daniela DeFrino, Allison Stinson, Jennifer Nidetz, Jason Canel, Eumene Ching, Anita Berry, James Cantorna, Joshua Fogel, Milton Eder, Megan Bolotin, Benjamin W Van Voorhees

Background and purpose: Depression affects millions of adolescents in the United States each year. This population may benefit from targeted preventive interventions. We sought to understand the internal factors that affect the ability of healthcare organizations to implement an intervention that involves mental health screening and depression prevention treatment of at-risk adolescents in primary care settings.

Methods: From November 2011 to July 2016 we conducted a study of the implementation of a multisite (N=30) phase 3 randomized clinical trial of an Internet-based depression prevention intervention program (CATCH-IT). We describe the prevalence of internal barriers on the screening and enrollment process by reporting REACH (the proportion of target audience exposed to the intervention).

Results: A total of 369 adolescents were randomized into the intervention or control program. Mean REACH values for the study clinics were 0.216 for screening and 0.181 for enrollment to CATCH-IT. Mean REACH enrollment lost due to internal barriers was 0.233. This translated to 4,691 adolescents lost at screening and 2,443 adolescents lost at enrollment due to internal barriers.

Conclusion: We propose a model of the implementation process that emphasizes the importance of positive relational work that assists in overcoming internal barriers to REACH. We also provide implications for policy and practice.

背景和目的:在美国,抑郁症每年影响数百万青少年。这一人群可能受益于有针对性的预防性干预措施。我们试图了解影响医疗机构实施干预能力的内部因素,包括初级保健机构对高危青少年的心理健康筛查和抑郁预防治疗。方法:2011年11月至2016年7月,我们开展了一项基于互联网的抑郁症预防干预项目(CATCH-IT)的多地点(N=30) 3期随机临床试验的实施研究。我们通过报告REACH(暴露于干预措施的目标受众的比例)来描述筛查和登记过程中存在的内部障碍。结果:369名青少年被随机分为干预组和对照组。研究诊所筛查的平均REACH值为0.216,CATCH-IT入组的平均REACH值为0.181。由于内部障碍导致的平均REACH入组损失为0.233。这意味着4691名青少年在筛查中丢失,2443名青少年由于内部障碍而在登记中丢失。结论:我们提出了一个实施过程模型,强调积极的关系工作的重要性,有助于克服REACH的内部障碍。我们还为政策和实践提供了启示。
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引用次数: 0
Who Gets Needed Mental Health Care? Use of Mental Health Services among Adults with Mental Health Need in California. 谁需要心理健康护理?加州有心理健康需求的成年人心理健康服务的使用情况
Pub Date : 2017-04-01 DOI: 10.32398/CJHP.V15I1.1887
L. D. Tran, N. Ponce
BACKGROUNDTimely and appropriate treatment could help reduce the burden of mental illness.PURPOSEThis study describes mental health services use among Californians with mental health need, highlights underserved populations, and discusses policy opportunities.METHODSFour years of California Health Interview Survey data (2011, 2012, 2013, 2014) were pooled and weighted to the 2013 population to estimate mental health need and unmet need (n=82,706). Adults with mental health need had "unmet need" if they did not use prescription medication and did not have at least four or more mental health visits in the past year. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to predict the probability adults with mental health need did not receive past-year treatment (n=5,315).RESULTSSeventy-seven percent of Californians with mental health need received no or inadequate mental health treatment in 2013. Men, Latinos, Asians, young people, older adults, people with less education, uninsured adults, and individuals with limited English proficiency were significantly more likely to have unmet need. Cost of treatment and mental health stigma were common reasons for lack of care.CONCLUSIONUnmet mental health need is predominant in California. Policy recommendations include continued expansion of mental health coverage, early identification, and ensuring that treatment is culturally and linguistically appropriate.
背景及时和适当的治疗可以帮助减轻精神疾病的负担。目的:本研究描述了加州有心理健康需求的人使用心理健康服务的情况,强调了服务不足的人群,并讨论了政策机会。方法收集加州健康访谈调查(2011年、2012年、2013年和2014年)4年的数据,并对2013年人群进行加权,估计心理健康需求和未满足需求(n=82,706)。有心理健康需求的成年人如果不使用处方药,并且在过去一年中没有至少四次或更多的心理健康就诊,则属于“未满足需求”。采用多变量logistic回归分析来预测有心理健康需求的成年人在过去一年中未接受治疗的概率(n=5,315)。结果2013年,77%有心理健康需求的加州人没有接受或没有得到充分的心理健康治疗。男性、拉丁美洲人、亚洲人、年轻人、老年人、受教育程度较低的人、没有保险的成年人和英语水平有限的人更有可能有未满足的需求。治疗费用和精神健康耻辱是缺乏护理的常见原因。结论未满足的心理健康需求在加利福尼亚州占主导地位。政策建议包括继续扩大精神卫生覆盖面,早期识别,并确保治疗在文化和语言上是适当的。
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引用次数: 18
Four-Week Pedometer-Metered Step Walking Decreases Waist and Hip Circumference in Healthy College Students: A Pilot Study 四周步数计步行减少健康大学生腰围和臀围:一项初步研究
Pub Date : 2017-04-01 DOI: 10.32398/CJHP.V15I1.1884
Lauren Meeks, A. Reynaga, Corinne Worland, E. Jo, S. Dunn, M. Wien, B. Burns-Whitmore
Background and Purpose: Positive effects of pedometer-metered steps and motivation on body composition have not been documented in healthy adults. This study determined the effects of: 1) 4- weeks of pedometer-metered walking and steps on body composition, fasting blood glucose (FBG), blood pressure (BP), diet changes, waist-to-hip ratios (WHR), and 2) daily motivation on step count. Methods: For 4-weeks, participants (n=29, 24 ± 3.8yo) wore a pedometer and recorded daily steps. Subjects were randomized into two groups: 1) daily motivational quotes (MQ) (n=19) to determine changes in step counts and 2) a control group (no MQ). Measurements were performed baseline, at study end; and 3 randomized 3-day diet records were collected. Results: Waist and hip circumference decreased significantly (p=0.002 & p=0.03) in both groups and decreased fat free mass (FFM) approached significance (p=0.06). Decreased fruit intake was observed in the second (p=0.007) and third (p=0.023) diet records. Conclusion: Motivation did not increase steps or changes in FBG and BP. However, WHR decreased in both groups suggesting that 4-weeks of pedometer walking results in positive abdominal changes. Additional longer-term studies are needed to examine these physical changes as well as investigate the decreased fruit intake.
背景和目的:在健康成人中,尚无文献记载以计步器计步和动机对身体成分的积极影响。本研究确定了:1)4周的步数计步行和步数对身体组成、空腹血糖(FBG)、血压(BP)、饮食变化、腰臀比(WHR)的影响,以及2)每日步数动机的影响。方法:在4周的时间里,参与者(n=29, 24±3.8)佩戴计步器并记录每日步数。受试者被随机分为两组:1)每日动机引用(MQ) (n=19),以确定步数的变化;2)对照组(无MQ)。在研究结束时进行基线测量;随机收集3组3 d日粮记录。结果:两组患者腰、臀围均显著降低(p=0.002和p=0.03),无脂质量(FFM)降低接近显著(p=0.06)。第二组(p=0.007)和第三组(p=0.023)观察到水果摄入量减少。结论:运动不增加步数或改变FBG和BP。然而,两组的WHR都下降了,这表明4周的计步器行走导致了积极的腹部变化。需要更多的长期研究来检查这些生理变化,以及调查水果摄入量减少的原因。
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引用次数: 0
Who Gets Needed Mental Health Care? Use of Mental Health Services among Adults with Mental Health Need in California. 谁需要心理健康护理?加州有心理健康需求的成年人心理健康服务的使用情况
Linda Diem Tran, Ninez A Ponce

Background: Timely and appropriate treatment could help reduce the burden of mental illness.

Purpose: This study describes mental health services use among Californians with mental health need, highlights underserved populations, and discusses policy opportunities.

Methods: Four years of California Health Interview Survey data (2011, 2012, 2013, 2014) were pooled and weighted to the 2013 population to estimate mental health need and unmet need (n=82,706). Adults with mental health need had "unmet need" if they did not use prescription medication and did not have at least four or more mental health visits in the past year. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to predict the probability adults with mental health need did not receive past-year treatment (n=5,315).

Results: Seventy-seven percent of Californians with mental health need received no or inadequate mental health treatment in 2013. Men, Latinos, Asians, young people, older adults, people with less education, uninsured adults, and individuals with limited English proficiency were significantly more likely to have unmet need. Cost of treatment and mental health stigma were common reasons for lack of care.

Conclusion: Unmet mental health need is predominant in California. Policy recommendations include continued expansion of mental health coverage, early identification, and ensuring that treatment is culturally and linguistically appropriate.

背景:及时和适当的治疗有助于减轻精神疾病的负担。目的:本研究描述了加州有心理健康需求的人使用心理健康服务的情况,突出了服务不足的人群,并讨论了政策机会。方法:将加州健康访谈调查(2011年、2012年、2013年和2014年)4年的数据汇总并加权至2013年人群,估计心理健康需求和未满足需求(n=82,706)。有心理健康需求的成年人如果不使用处方药,并且在过去一年中没有至少四次或更多的心理健康就诊,则属于“未满足需求”。采用多变量logistic回归分析来预测有心理健康需求的成年人在过去一年中未接受治疗的概率(n=5,315)。结果:2013年,77%有心理健康需求的加州人没有接受或没有得到充分的心理健康治疗。男性、拉丁美洲人、亚洲人、年轻人、老年人、受教育程度较低的人、没有保险的成年人和英语水平有限的人更有可能有未满足的需求。治疗费用和精神健康耻辱是缺乏护理的常见原因。结论:未满足的心理健康需求在加利福尼亚州占主导地位。政策建议包括继续扩大精神卫生覆盖面,早期识别,并确保治疗在文化和语言上是适当的。
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引用次数: 0
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Californian journal of health promotion
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