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From the Workplace to Home: The Impact of an Email Intervention Targeting the Family 从工作场所到家庭:针对家庭的电子邮件干预的影响
Pub Date : 2016-12-01 DOI: 10.32398/CJHP.V14I3.2066
Sean Pinkerton, K. Wilson, Elaine M. Rutkowski, Clay P. Sherman
Background and Purpose: Improved employee health contributes to improved employer outcomes in productivity, attendance and workplace satisfaction. Wellness programs focus on the employee to improve these outcomes, but fail to offer opportunities that include the family. A focus on the employee and their child may yield greater health improvements. This pilot study explored the impact of an e-mail intervention targeting the employee and his/her child on their physical activity level, self-efficacy and social control (SC). Methods: Parent and child dyads were recruited from faculty and staff at a university and were subsequently randomized into an intervention group (family-focused activities) or a control group (employee-focused activities). Both parents and children (ndyads = 19) completed a baseline and follow-up (10 weeks later) online questionnaire that measured physical activity, self-efficacy, and SC. Results: Significant differences in parents were found in task efficacy, scheduling efficacy, and collaborative SC, where the intervention group reported higher changes for these outcomes compared to the control group (p<0.10). Changes in collaborative SC reported by children in the intervention group approached significance (p = 0.13). Conclusion: Findings provide initial support for an e-mail based wellness programs’ targeting family-based activities compared to an intervention targeting the employee alone. © 2016 Californian Journal of Health Promotion. All rights reserved.
背景和目的:改善员工健康有助于提高雇主在生产力、出勤率和工作场所满意度方面的成果。健康计划关注员工以改善这些结果,但未能提供包括家庭在内的机会。关注员工和他们的孩子可能会产生更大的健康改善。本初步研究探讨了针对员工及其子女的电子邮件干预对其身体活动水平、自我效能感和社会控制(SC)的影响。方法:从一所大学的教职员工中招募父母和孩子,随后随机分为干预组(以家庭为中心的活动)或对照组(以员工为中心的活动)。父母和孩子(ndyads = 19)完成了基线和随访(10周后)在线问卷调查,测量了身体活动、自我效能和SC。结果:父母在任务效能、调度效能和协作SC方面存在显著差异,其中干预组报告的这些结果的变化高于对照组(p<0.10)。干预组儿童报告的协作性SC变化接近显著性(p = 0.13)。结论:研究结果为基于电子邮件的健康计划提供了初步的支持,该计划针对的是基于家庭的活动,而不是针对员工的干预。©2016加州健康促进杂志。版权所有。
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引用次数: 0
Pilot Study Examining Pregnancy-Specific Equations to Estimate Percent Body Fat in an Overweight/Obese Pregnant Hispanic Population 在超重/肥胖的西班牙裔怀孕人群中评估体脂百分比的妊娠特异性方程的初步研究
Pub Date : 2016-12-01 DOI: 10.32398/CJHP.V14I3.2065
Amy Reisenberg, K. Mauldin, L. Sawrey-Kubicek, Mary N R Lesser, J. King
Background and Purpose: Over half of women entering pregnancy are overweight or obese, increasing metabolic risk. This pilot study investigated whether established equations for estimating maternal percent body fat using anthropometry are accurate for Hispanic, overweight or obese pregnant women. Methods: The Siri technique of calculating percent body fat from direct measurements of body density and total body water was the gold-standard. Other pregnancy-specific equations were also examined. The study population included 15 normoglycemic, pregnant Hispanic women in their third trimester (33.2±1.9 gestational week) with a pre-pregnancy body mass index ≥25 to <40kg/m 2 , and with no history of chronic disease, or illicit drug, cigarette or alcohol use. Five skinfold sites, pre-pregnancy weight, current weight, and wrist circumference were measured. Body density was measured using air displacement plethysmography. Total body water was measured using 2 H2O. Results: Paired t-tests showed that the Paxton equation (intended for use at gestational week 37) overestimated percent body fat compared to the Siri method, p<0.001, whereas the Presley equation (intended for use at gestational week 30) produced statistically similar results to the gold-standard, p=0.842. Discussion: Using skinfold thickness measurements and the Presley equation to assess percent body fat may be useful and accessible for this population. © 2016 Californian Journal of Health Promotion. All rights reserved.
背景和目的:超过一半的孕妇超重或肥胖,增加了代谢风险。这项初步研究调查了用人体测量法估计孕妇体脂百分比的既定方程对西班牙裔、超重或肥胖孕妇是否准确。方法:通过直接测量体密度和总水来计算体脂百分比的Siri技术是金标准。其他怀孕特有的方程也被检查。研究人群包括15名血糖正常的西班牙裔孕妇,孕晚期(33.2±1.9妊娠周),孕前体重指数≥25至<40kg/ m2,无慢性病史,无非法药物、吸烟或饮酒史。测量5个皮褶部位、孕前体重、当前体重和腕围。采用空气置换体积脉搏仪测量体密度。用2h2o测定全身水分。结果:配对t检验显示,与Siri方法相比,Paxton方程(拟用于妊娠第37周)高估了体脂百分比,p<0.001,而Presley方程(拟用于妊娠第30周)产生的统计结果与金标准相似,p=0.842。讨论:使用皮褶厚度测量和Presley方程来评估体脂百分比可能对这一人群有用且容易获得。©2016加州健康促进杂志。版权所有。
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引用次数: 1
The Effects of Age, Mental Health, and Comorbidity on the Perceived Likelihood of Hiring a Healthcare Advocate. 年龄、心理健康和共病对雇佣医疗保健倡导者的感知可能性的影响。
Pub Date : 2016-12-01 DOI: 10.32398/CJHP.V14I3.2067
Symone McKinnon, Breanna M. Holloway, Maya S Santoro, A. May, T. Cronan
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSEThe projected increase in chronically ill older adults may overburden the healthcare system and compromise the receipt of quality and coordinated health care services. Healthcare advocates (HCAs) may help to alleviate the burden associated with seeking and receiving appropriate health care. We examined whether having dementia or depression, along with hypertension and arthritis, or having no comorbid medical conditions, and being an older adult, affected the perceived likelihood of hiring an HCA to navigate the health care system.METHODParticipants (N = 1,134), age 18 or older, read a vignette and imagined themselves as an older adult with either a mood or cognitive disorder, and comorbid medical conditions or as otherwise being physically healthy. They were then asked to complete a questionnaire assessing their perceived likelihood of hiring an HCA.RESULTSParticipants who imagined themselves as having dementia reported a greater likelihood of hiring an HCA than participants who imagined themselves as having depression (p < .001).CONCLUSIONIt is imperative that health care professionals attend to the growing and ongoing needs of older adults living with chronic conditions, and HCAs could play an important role in meeting those needs.
背景与目的预计老年慢性病患者的增加可能使卫生保健系统负担过重,并影响卫生保健服务的质量和协调性。医疗保健倡导者(hca)可以帮助减轻与寻求和接受适当的医疗保健相关的负担。我们研究了患有痴呆症或抑郁症,以及高血压和关节炎,或没有合共疾病,并且是老年人,是否会影响雇佣HCA来导航医疗保健系统的可能性。方法参与者(N = 1134),年龄在18岁或以上,阅读一篇小插图,并将自己想象成一个患有情绪或认知障碍、合并症或其他身体健康的老年人。然后,他们被要求完成一份调查问卷,评估他们认为雇佣HCA的可能性。结果认为自己患有痴呆症的参与者比认为自己患有抑郁症的参与者更有可能雇用HCA (p < 0.001)。结论卫生保健专业人员必须关注老年慢性病患者日益增长和持续的需求,而hca在满足这些需求方面可以发挥重要作用。
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引用次数: 5
Recruiting Participants into Pilot Trials: Techniques for Researchers with Shoestring Budgets. 招募参与者参加试点试验:预算有限的研究人员的技术。
Pub Date : 2016-09-01 DOI: 10.32398/CJHP.V14I2.1878
R. Joseph, C. Keller, B. Ainsworth
Limited research has focused on recruitment strategies for health promotion researchers conducting small-scale pilot studies. Such research is important because small studies often have limited funding streams and personnel resources. Accordingly, many techniques implemented by large-scale studies are of limited use to smaller research projects. This article provides an overview effective participant recruitment techniques for pilot studies with limited funds and personnel resources. Recruitment techniques were derived from the first author's experience in recruiting participants during his doctoral and postdoctoral studies, the over 25 years of research experience of each of the co-authors, and an extensive review of the literature. Five key recruitment techniques are discussed: 1) leverage existing social networks and personal contacts, 2) identify and foster collaborations with community gatekeepers, 3) develop a comprehensive list of potential recruitment platforms and venues, 4) create recruitment materials that succinctly describe the purpose of the study, and 5) build respectful and trusting relationships with potential participants. Implementation of the proposed techniques can lead to enhanced recruitment, as well as retention among study participants.
有限的研究集中在进行小规模试点研究的健康促进研究人员的招聘策略上。这类研究很重要,因为小型研究的资金流和人力资源往往有限。因此,许多由大规模研究实施的技术对较小的研究项目的用处有限。本文概述了在资金和人力资源有限的情况下,试点研究中有效的参与者招募技术。招募技巧来源于第一作者在博士和博士后研究期间招募参与者的经验,每位共同作者超过25年的研究经验,以及对文献的广泛回顾。本文讨论了五种关键的招聘技巧:1)利用现有的社交网络和个人联系,2)识别并促进与社区看门人的合作,3)开发潜在招聘平台和场所的综合列表,4)创建简洁描述研究目的的招聘材料,5)与潜在参与者建立尊重和信任的关系。实施所建议的技术可以增加招聘,并在研究参与者中保留。
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引用次数: 25
The Impact of School Social Support and Bullying Victimization on Psychological Distress among California Adolescents. 学校社会支持和欺凌受害对加州青少年心理困扰的影响。
Pub Date : 2016-09-01 DOI: 10.32398/CJHP.V14I2.1875
Xiaoyan Zhang, C. Ra, D. Zhang, Yunting Zhang, Kara E MacLeod
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSENational reports showed that over 20% of high school students were victims of bullying, which could potentially lead to psychological problems. School social support may be protective against mental distress linked with victimization. This study examined the main and moderating effects of social support from adults in schools on non-specific serious psychological distress (SPD) related to victimization among California adolescents.METHODSUtilizing the 2011-2012 California Health Interview Survey (CHIS), we analyzed a representative sample of 2,799 adolescents aged 12-17 years old. Logistic regression analyses were conducted modeling the odds of SPD in relation to school social support and victimization.RESULTSAdolescents who were victimized were twice as likely to have SPD compared to non-victims. Higher level of social support from adults in schools was protective against SPD, but did not buffer the effect of bullying exposure.DISCUSSIONFindings from the present study suggested that adult support from schools can help with students' psychological problems but does not appear to prevent the psychological consequences of victimization. Additional intervention is needed, above and beyond social support, to prevent victimization and its psychological consequences.
背景和目的报告显示,超过20%的高中生是欺凌的受害者,这可能会导致心理问题。学校的社会支持可以防止与受害有关的精神痛苦。本研究考察了学校成人社会支持对加州青少年受害相关非特异性严重心理困扰(SPD)的主要和调节作用。方法采用2011-2012年加州健康访谈调查(CHIS),对2,799名12-17岁青少年的代表性样本进行分析。Logistic回归分析SPD与学校社会支持及受害的关系。结果受害的青少年患SPD的可能性是非受害者的两倍。学校中较高水平的成人社会支持对SPD有保护作用,但不能缓冲欺凌暴露的影响。本研究的结果表明,来自学校的成人支持可以帮助解决学生的心理问题,但似乎不能防止受害的心理后果。除了社会支持之外,还需要额外的干预,以防止受害及其心理后果。
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引用次数: 14
Addressing the Medical and Support Service Needs of People Living with HIV (PLWH) through Program Collaboration and Service Integration (PCSI). 通过项目协作和服务整合(PCSI)解决艾滋病毒感染者(PLWH)的医疗和支持服务需求。
Pub Date : 2016-05-01 DOI: 10.32398/CJHP.V14I1.1860
Stéphanie Bernard, Amrita Tailor, Patricia L. Jones, Donna Alexander
BACKGROUNDApproximately 1.2 million Americans are living with HIV, and about 50,000 new infections occur each year. People living with HIV (PLWH) have numerous medical and psychosocial needs that impact HIV disease progression and challenge treatment outcomes.PURPOSEUsing CDC's Program Collaboration and Service Integration (PCSI) framework, we examined strategies, challenges, and lessons learned from a local health department's efforts to institute PCSI to address the diverse needs of their patients with HIV.METHODSWe captured case study data through: 1) semi-structured interviews with key program administrators, 2) analysis of program documents, and 3) site observations and review of clinic procedures.RESULTSFindings highlight the importance of co-locating services, partnering to leverage resources, and conducting cross-training of staff. Providing co-located services reduced wait times and enhanced coordination of care. Partnering to leverage resources increased patient referrals and enhanced access to comprehensive services. Staff cross-training resulted in more coordinated care and efficient service delivery.CONCLUSIONThe results show that PCSI is essential for optimal care for PLWH. Incorporating PCSI was a vital component of the health department's comprehensive approach to addressing the multiple medical and support service needs of its HIV-infected clients.
大约有120万美国人感染了艾滋病毒,每年约有5万例新感染。艾滋病毒感染者有许多医疗和社会心理需求,这些需求会影响艾滋病毒疾病的进展并挑战治疗结果。目的:利用美国疾病控制与预防中心的项目协作与服务整合(PCSI)框架,我们研究了当地卫生部门制定PCSI以满足其艾滋病毒患者多样化需求的策略、挑战和经验教训。方法:我们通过以下方式获取案例研究数据:1)与关键项目管理人员的半结构化访谈,2)对项目文件的分析,以及3)现场观察和临床程序的回顾。结果:调查结果强调了共同安置服务、合作利用资源以及开展人员交叉培训的重要性。提供同一地点的服务减少了等待时间,并加强了护理协调。通过合作利用资源增加了患者转诊,并改善了获得综合服务的机会。工作人员的交叉培训使护理更加协调,服务更加有效。结论PCSI对PLWH患者的最佳护理至关重要。纳入PCSI是卫生部门解决其艾滋病毒感染客户的多种医疗和支助服务需求的综合办法的一个重要组成部分。
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引用次数: 9
Addressing the Medical and Support Service Needs of People Living with HIV (PLWH) through Program Collaboration and Service Integration (PCSI). 通过项目协作和服务整合(PCSI)解决艾滋病毒感染者(PLWH)的医疗和支持服务需求。
Stephanie Bernard, Amrita Tailor, Patricia Jones, Donna E Alexander

Background: Approximately 1.2 million Americans are living with HIV, and about 50,000 new infections occur each year. People living with HIV (PLWH) have numerous medical and psychosocial needs that impact HIV disease progression and challenge treatment outcomes.

Purpose: Using CDC's Program Collaboration and Service Integration (PCSI) framework, we examined strategies, challenges, and lessons learned from a local health department's efforts to institute PCSI to address the diverse needs of their patients with HIV.

Methods: We captured case study data through: 1) semi-structured interviews with key program administrators, 2) analysis of program documents, and 3) site observations and review of clinic procedures.

Results: Findings highlight the importance of co-locating services, partnering to leverage resources, and conducting cross-training of staff. Providing co-located services reduced wait times and enhanced coordination of care. Partnering to leverage resources increased patient referrals and enhanced access to comprehensive services. Staff cross-training resulted in more coordinated care and efficient service delivery.

Conclusion: The results show that PCSI is essential for optimal care for PLWH. Incorporating PCSI was a vital component of the health department's comprehensive approach to addressing the multiple medical and support service needs of its HIV-infected clients.

背景:大约有120万美国人感染艾滋病毒,每年约有5万例新感染。艾滋病毒感染者有许多医疗和社会心理需求,这些需求会影响艾滋病毒疾病的进展并挑战治疗结果。目的:利用美国疾病控制与预防中心的项目协作与服务整合(PCSI)框架,我们研究了策略、挑战和从当地卫生部门制定PCSI以解决其艾滋病毒患者多样化需求的努力中吸取的教训。方法:我们通过以下方式获取案例研究数据:1)与关键项目管理人员的半结构化访谈,2)对项目文件的分析,以及3)现场观察和临床程序的回顾。结果:调查结果强调了共同安置服务、合作利用资源以及开展人员交叉培训的重要性。提供同一地点的服务减少了等待时间,并加强了护理协调。通过合作利用资源增加了患者转诊,并改善了获得综合服务的机会。工作人员的交叉培训使护理更加协调,服务更加有效。结论:PCSI对PLWH患者的最佳护理至关重要。纳入PCSI是卫生部门解决其艾滋病毒感染客户的多种医疗和支助服务需求的综合办法的一个重要组成部分。
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引用次数: 0
The Effects of Age, Mental Health, and Comorbidity on the Perceived Likelihood of Hiring a Healthcare Advocate. 年龄、心理健康和共病对雇佣医疗保健倡导者的感知可能性的影响。
Symone A McKinnon, Breanna M Holloway, Maya S Santoro, April C May, Terry A Cronan

Background and purpose: The projected increase in chronically ill older adults may overburden the healthcare system and compromise the receipt of quality and coordinated health care services. Healthcare advocates (HCAs) may help to alleviate the burden associated with seeking and receiving appropriate health care. We examined whether having dementia or depression, along with hypertension and arthritis, or having no comorbid medical conditions, and being an older adult, affected the perceived likelihood of hiring an HCA to navigate the health care system.

Method: Participants (N = 1,134), age 18 or older, read a vignette and imagined themselves as an older adult with either a mood or cognitive disorder, and comorbid medical conditions or as otherwise being physically healthy. They were then asked to complete a questionnaire assessing their perceived likelihood of hiring an HCA.

Results: Participants who imagined themselves as having dementia reported a greater likelihood of hiring an HCA than participants who imagined themselves as having depression (p < .001).

Conclusion: It is imperative that health care professionals attend to the growing and ongoing needs of older adults living with chronic conditions, and HCAs could play an important role in meeting those needs.

背景和目的:预计老年慢性病患者的增加可能会使医疗保健系统负担过重,并影响获得高质量和协调的医疗保健服务。医疗保健倡导者(hca)可以帮助减轻与寻求和接受适当的医疗保健相关的负担。我们研究了患有痴呆症或抑郁症,以及高血压和关节炎,或没有合共疾病,并且是老年人,是否会影响雇佣HCA来导航医疗保健系统的可能性。方法:年龄在18岁或以上的参与者(N = 1134)阅读一篇小插图,并将自己想象成一个患有情绪或认知障碍、共病医疗条件或其他身体健康的老年人。然后,他们被要求完成一份调查问卷,评估他们认为雇佣HCA的可能性。结果:认为自己患有痴呆症的参与者比认为自己患有抑郁症的参与者更有可能雇用HCA (p < 0.001)。结论:卫生保健专业人员必须关注慢性病老年人日益增长和持续的需求,而hca可以在满足这些需求方面发挥重要作用。
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引用次数: 0
Reservations to Participate in Biospecimen Research among Pacific Islanders. 太平洋岛民参与生物标本研究的保留。
Patchareeya Kwan, Greta Briand, Cevadne Lee, Jonathan Lepule, Karen Llave, Ka'ala Pang, Melanie Sabado, Lola Santos, Sora Tanjasiri, Vanessa Tui'one, Dorothy Schmidt-Vaivao, Paula Palmer

Background and significance: Despite high rates of chronic diseases like cancer, diabetes and cardiovascular disease, Pacific Islanders (PIs) are underrepresented in clinical and genetic studies designed to identify the physiological causes of poor health outcomes. There are limited genetic data and biospecimen samples from PIs under study. This paper described why PIs have reservations about donating their biospecimen samples for research.

Methods: Data were drawn from a pilot study designed to assess the knowledge, attitudes and beliefs surrounding biospecimen research among PIs in southern California. Utilizing a community-based participatory research approach, community and academic partners collected quantitative and qualitative data from a total of 60 PI adults with a mean age of 61 years (SD 13 years).

Results: "Fear", "God or Spirituality" and "Lack of Information or Knowledge" were the most cited reasons for not participating in biospecimen research. Respondents younger than age 65 years expressed more concerns about donating their biospecimen samples than those older than age 65 years (p<0.012). No significant gender differences were found (p=0.84).

Conclusion: Our results emphasize the need to conduct relevant and appropriate biospecimen education among minority communities in order to address misconceptions and build support to increase PI and other minority participation in biospecimen-related studies.

背景和意义:尽管癌症、糖尿病和心血管疾病等慢性疾病的发病率很高,但太平洋岛民在旨在确定不良健康结果的生理原因的临床和遗传研究中的代表性不足。正在研究的pi的遗传数据和生物标本样本有限。本文描述了为什么pi对捐赠生物标本样本进行研究持保留态度。方法:数据来自一项试点研究,旨在评估南加州pi中生物标本研究的知识、态度和信念。利用基于社区的参与性研究方法,社区和学术合作伙伴从60名平均年龄61岁(SD 13岁)的PI成年人中收集了定量和定性数据。结果:“恐惧”、“上帝或灵性”和“缺乏信息或知识”是不参加生物标本研究的最常见原因。年龄在65岁以下的受访者比年龄在65岁以上的受访者更关心捐赠他们的生物标本样本(结论:我们的研究结果强调需要在少数民族社区进行相关和适当的生物标本教育,以消除误解,并建立支持,以增加PI和其他少数民族参与生物标本相关研究。
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引用次数: 0
Reservations to Participate in Biospecimen Research among Pacific Islanders. 太平洋岛民参与生物标本研究的保留。
Pub Date : 2015-12-01 DOI: 10.32398/CJHP.V13I3.1832
Patchareeya P. Kwan, Greta Briand, Cevadne Lee, J. Lepule, Karen Llave, K. Pang, M. Sabado, L. Santos, S. Tanjasiri, Vanessa Tui’one, Dorothy Schmidt-Vaivao, P. Palmer
Background and SignificanceDespite high rates of chronic diseases like cancer, diabetes and cardiovascular disease, Pacific Islanders (PIs) are underrepresented in clinical and genetic studies designed to identify the physiological causes of poor health outcomes. There are limited genetic data and biospecimen samples from PIs under study. This paper described why PIs have reservations about donating their biospecimen samples for research.MethodsData were drawn from a pilot study designed to assess the knowledge, attitudes and beliefs surrounding biospecimen research among PIs in southern California. Utilizing a community-based participatory research approach, community and academic partners collected quantitative and qualitative data from a total of 60 PI adults with a mean age of 61 years (SD 13 years).Results"Fear", "God or Spirituality" and "Lack of Information or Knowledge" were the most cited reasons for not participating in biospecimen research. Respondents younger than age 65 years expressed more concerns about donating their biospecimen samples than those older than age 65 years (p<0.012). No significant gender differences were found (p=0.84).ConclusionOur results emphasize the need to conduct relevant and appropriate biospecimen education among minority communities in order to address misconceptions and build support to increase PI and other minority participation in biospecimen-related studies.
背景和意义尽管癌症、糖尿病和心血管疾病等慢性疾病的发病率很高,但太平洋岛民(pi)在旨在确定不良健康结果生理原因的临床和遗传研究中的代表性不足。正在研究的pi的遗传数据和生物标本样本有限。本文描述了为什么pi对捐赠生物标本样本进行研究持保留态度。方法数据来自一项试点研究,旨在评估南加州pi对生物标本研究的知识、态度和信念。利用基于社区的参与性研究方法,社区和学术合作伙伴从60名平均年龄61岁(SD 13岁)的PI成年人中收集了定量和定性数据。结果“恐惧”、“上帝或灵性”和“缺乏信息或知识”是不参加生物标本研究的主要原因。65岁以下的受访者比65岁以上的受访者更担心捐献生物标本样本(p<0.012)。性别差异无统计学意义(p=0.84)。结论我们的研究结果强调了在少数民族社区开展相关和适当的生物标本教育的必要性,以消除误解,并建立支持,以增加PI和其他少数民族参与生物标本相关研究。
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引用次数: 6
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Californian journal of health promotion
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