Californian journal of health promotion最新文献

英文中文

Providing Reproductive Health Promotion in Drug Treatment Clinics 在戒毒诊所促进生殖健康

Californian journal of health promotion

Pub Date : 2019-12-23 DOI: 10.32398/cjhp.v17i2.2289

Tracy R. Nichols, H. Love

Background and Purpose: Prenatal substance use continues to be a critical public health concern. Integrating reproductive health promotion with addiction treatment is a promising approach to addressing this issue. This study was designed to understand strengths and challenges of a pilot reproductive health program, consisting of preconception/interconception health classes, childbirth education classes, and access to free doula services, for people in addiction treatment. Methods: The study design was a qualitative formative evaluation. Observations of the program (n=9) were conducted along with interviews (n=12) with clients, counselors, and program facilitators. Results: Strengths included a good fit between the program and clients’ needs and commitment to further integrate the program. Challenges included inconsistent participation and issues of facilitator selection and training. Barriers were noted related to the complex and chaotic lives of the clientele. Techniques to address inconsistent participation through mandated attendance as well as rotating and reviewing content showed mixed success. Conclusion: The study found the program to be well-regarded by stakeholders, but several structural challenges were identified. Future programs should strive for greater integration between treatment providers and reproductive health facilitators. Research is also needed to assess the effectiveness of providing integrated reproductive health education to clients engaged in addiction treatment.

背景和目的:产前药物使用仍然是一个重要的公共卫生问题。将促进生殖健康与成瘾治疗结合起来是解决这一问题的一个有希望的办法。本研究旨在了解试点生殖健康计划的优势和挑战，该计划包括孕前/孕间健康课程，分娩教育课程，以及为成瘾治疗人员提供免费的助产师服务。方法:研究设计为定性形成性评价。对项目的观察(n=9)与客户、咨询师和项目协调员的访谈(n=12)一起进行。结果:优势包括项目与客户需求之间的良好契合，以及进一步整合项目的承诺。挑战包括不一致的参与以及选择和培训促进者的问题。注意到与客户复杂和混乱的生活有关的障碍。通过强制出勤以及轮换和审查内容来解决不一致参与的技术取得了不同程度的成功。结论:研究发现该项目得到了利益相关者的好评，但也发现了一些结构性挑战。今后的方案应努力使治疗提供者和生殖健康促进者之间更加一体化。还需要进行研究，以评估向从事成瘾治疗的客户提供综合生殖健康教育的有效性。

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引用次数: 2

Age, Physical Activity Motivation and Perceived Stress in Minority Girls. 少数民族女孩年龄、体育活动动机与感知压力。

Californian journal of health promotion

Pub Date : 2019-12-01 Epub Date: 2019-12-23 DOI: 10.32398/cjhp.v17i2.2285

Amber R Cordola Hsu, Selena T Nguyen-Rodriguez, Donna Spruijt-Metz

Background: Physical activity in childhood and adolescence helps support physical and emotional health.

Purpose: The study aimed to investigate if age was related to motivation for physical activity in minority girls, and whether the relationship may be potentially mediated by psychological or physiological stress.

Methods: This cross-sectional observational study recruited Latino and African American girls ages 8 - 12 years (n = 79) in Tanner stage 1 or 2 via purposive sampling. Intrinsic motivation and perceived stress were measured by self-report survey; morning salivary cortisol samples were taken to calculate cortisol awakening response to estimate biological stress reactivity.

Results: Increased age was related to higher intrinsic motivation to engage in physical activity. Lower perceived stress and lower awakening cortisol response were associated with higher intrinsic motivation. Bootstrapped mediation results indicated perceived stress may be a pathway through which age impacts intrinsic motivation for physical activity.

Conclusion: While motivation to engage in physical activity may increase with age, perceived stress may dampen this motivation, resulting in decreased physical activity. Interventions to help increase pre-adolescent girls' engagement in active behaviors may benefit from reducing children's perceptions of stress.

背景：儿童和青少年时期的体育活动有助于身心健康。目的：本研究旨在调查少数民族女孩的年龄是否与体育活动动机有关，以及这种关系是否可能由心理或生理压力介导。方法：这项横断面观察性研究通过有目的的抽样，招募了Tanner 1或2期8-12岁（n=79）的拉丁裔和非裔美国女孩。通过自我报告调查测量内在动机和感知压力；取早晨唾液皮质醇样本计算皮质醇觉醒反应，以评估生物应激反应。结果：年龄的增加与从事体育活动的内在动机较高有关。较低的感知压力和较低的觉醒皮质醇反应与较高的内在动机有关。自我引导的中介结果表明，感知压力可能是年龄影响身体活动内在动机的一种途径。结论：虽然从事体育活动的动机可能会随着年龄的增长而增加，但感知到的压力可能会抑制这种动机，导致体育活动减少。帮助青春期前女孩参与积极行为的干预措施可能有助于减少儿童对压力的感知。

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引用次数: 1

A Review of Tobacco Policies on University of California Campuses. 加州大学校园烟草政策综述。

Californian journal of health promotion

Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.32398/cjhp.v17i1.2221

Jocelyn Huey, Dorie E Apollonio

Background and purpose: College and university tobacco control programs have historically neglected cessation. In 2012, the University of California Office of the President (UCOP) released a Smoke and Tobacco Free policy that became effective in January 2014. The policy provided for a comprehensive education and outreach campaign that included resources and referrals for cessation. We sought to determine whether all University of California (UC) campuses met UCOP standards.

Methods: We reviewed the Smoke & Tobacco Free policies created by UCOP and posted at ten UC campuses, searched the tobacco free websites of each campus for cessation resources, and contacted tobacco-free task forces.

Results: We found that all UC campuses met the UCOP standard by addressing tobacco cessation in their campus policies. The provision of cessation services and resources was limited and varied substantially by campus, and no campuses reported collecting data on the use of cessation programs.

Conclusion: Consistent with concerns that college and university tobacco policies neglect cessation, UC campuses mentioned tobacco cessation resources and programs but did not provide consistent services. These campuses also did not report on the use of tobacco cessation resources, making it difficult to assess the effects of offering different types of cessation programs.

背景和目的:学院和大学的烟草控制项目历来忽视了戒烟。2012年，加州大学校长办公室(UCOP)发布了一项无烟政策，该政策于2014年1月生效。该政策规定了一项全面的教育和宣传运动，其中包括戒烟资源和转诊。我们试图确定是否所有加州大学(UC)校区都符合UCOP标准。方法:我们回顾了UCOP制定并在10个UC校区发布的无烟政策，在每个校区的无烟网站上搜索戒烟资源，并联系了无烟工作组。结果:我们发现所有加州大学校园都通过在校园政策中解决戒烟问题达到了UCOP标准。各个校园提供的戒烟服务和资源是有限的，而且差异很大，没有校园报告收集有关戒烟计划使用情况的数据。结论:与学院和大学的烟草政策忽视戒烟的担忧一致，加州大学校园提到了戒烟资源和项目，但没有提供一致的服务。这些校园也没有报告戒烟资源的使用情况，因此很难评估提供不同类型戒烟计划的效果。

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引用次数: 1

Screening for Driver Disorientation at the Iowa Department of Transportation, Motor Vehicle Division 爱荷华州交通运输部机动车辆分部的司机定向障碍筛查

Californian journal of health promotion

Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.32398/cjhp.v17i1.2219

Sarah Andrade, Linda L. Hill, Kim Snook

Background and Purpose: Aging is associated with cognitive impairment, which interferes with safe driving ability. Cognitively-impaired drivers may present as confused and belligerent, creating challenges in differentiating these drivers from intoxicated or metabolically-impaired drivers. The Driver Orientation Screen for Cognitive Impairment (DOSCI) was developed to assist identification of disorientation and was piloted in the Iowa Department of Transportation. This study examined the feasibility, acceptability, and usefulness of the DOSCI at licensing agency offices, and to investigate the association between DOSCI performance and driver licensing outcomes. Methods: A sample of 2,510 DOSCI screens from 2,399 individuals was assessed. Data included the acceptability of the DOSCI among staff and clients, time to complete assessments, DOSCI outcomes, and final driver license status. Results: On a 5-point scale, mean score was 4.76 (SD=0.67) for Ease of Administration, 4.67 (SD=0.80) for Acceptance by Client, and 3.81 (SD=1.57) for Useful in Assessment. Clients who failed the assessment had significantly higher odds of not receiving a driver’s license than clients who passed (OR=2.556). Conclusion: The DOSCI was quick to administer, well-accepted, and was associated with licensing outcome. The tool has potential to contribute to traffic injury prevention by identifying potentially impaired drivers requiring closer examination in a licensing agency setting.

背景与目的:衰老与认知功能障碍相关，影响安全驾驶能力。认知受损的司机可能会表现出困惑和好斗，这给区分这些司机和醉酒或代谢受损的司机带来了挑战。认知障碍驾驶员定向筛查(DOSCI)是为了帮助识别定向障碍而开发的，并在爱荷华州交通部进行了试点。本研究考察了DOSCI在许可代理办公室的可行性、可接受性和实用性，并调查了DOSCI绩效与驾驶执照结果之间的关系。方法:对来自2399名个体的2510份DOSCI筛查样本进行评估。数据包括员工和客户对DOSCI的接受程度、完成评估的时间、DOSCI结果和最终的驾驶执照状态。结果:在5分制量表中，易于管理的平均得分为4.76 (SD=0.67)，客户接受的平均得分为4.67 (SD=0.80)，评估有用的平均得分为3.81 (SD=1.57)。未通过评估的客户与通过评估的客户相比，未获得驾驶执照的几率明显更高(OR=2.556)。结论:DOSCI管理迅速，被广泛接受，并与许可结果相关。该工具有可能有助于预防交通伤害，通过识别潜在的受损司机，需要在许可机构设置更仔细的检查。

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引用次数: 1

Assessing Depression-Related Mental Health Literacy among Young Adults 评估青少年抑郁相关心理健康素养

Californian journal of health promotion

Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.32398/cjhp.v17i1.2225

M. Zorrilla, N. Modeste, P. Gleason, D. Sealy, J. Banta, S. Trieu

Background and Purpose: Young adults who are 18 to 25 years old have the highest prevalence of depression (10.9%). Depression is a risk factor for suicide. Mental health literacy (MHL) is a key component in assessing recognition and help-seeking for depression with suicidal ideation. This study investigated MHL as it relates to help-seeking for depression with suicidal ideation. Methods: A crosssectional survey design was used. Participants were young adults (n= 430, ages 18 to 24 years old) who lived, worked, and/or attended school in San Francisco, California. Reavley and colleagues’ MHL survey was modified and made available in English, Spanish, and Chinese. Results: Several background factors were positively, though weakly, correlated to MHL, based on the r coefficient. Significant factors were: being female [r=.12, p

背景与目的:18 - 25岁的年轻人抑郁症患病率最高(10.9%)。抑郁是自杀的一个危险因素。心理健康素养(MHL)是评估抑郁症自杀意念的识别和求助的关键组成部分。本研究探讨MHL与自杀意念抑郁症患者寻求帮助的关系。方法:采用横断面调查设计。参与者是在加利福尼亚州旧金山生活、工作和/或上学的年轻人(n= 430，年龄在18至24岁之间)。Reavley及其同事对MHL调查进行了修改，并提供了英语、西班牙语和中文版本。结果:根据r系数，几个背景因素与MHL呈正相关，但弱相关。显著影响因素为:女性[r=;12日,警

引用次数: 2

Exploring Food Decision Processes of Latino Families in California’s Central Valley 探索加利福尼亚中央山谷拉丁裔家庭的食物决策过程

Californian journal of health promotion

Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.32398/cjhp.v17i1.2222

Mirna Troncoso Sawyer, Nelida Duran, S. Wallace

Background and Purpose: Latino children are more likely to be overweight than non-Latino whites. Family food context research is relevant to the prevention of overweight. The purpose of the study was to identify patterns in Latino family food decisions related to the dinner routine. Methods: In 2013-2014, thirty-four in-depth interviews were conducted with twenty-two Latina mothers with children age 5-10 in California’s Central Valley. Previously published research informed the semi-structured interview guide. A grounded theory methodology was used to identify themes. Results: Four salient food decision approaches emerged. Families exhibited six combinations of these approaches. Mothers’ explicit health goals guide the health approach. The traditional approach emphasizes eating favorite recipes. In the developmental approach, parents modify the main meal for children based on the belief children will develop an adult’s taste over time. The path of least resistance favors expediency over other concerns. Conclusion: While the path of least resistance and health approaches have previously been observed among other populations, this paper provides findings on these categories among Latinos. Additionally, our findings on the developmental and traditional approaches expand the body of knowledge on food decisions. The guiding approaches provide a framework that can be sensitive to diverse food schemas.

背景和目的:拉丁裔儿童比非拉丁裔白人更容易超重。家庭饮食环境研究与预防超重有关。该研究的目的是确定拉丁裔家庭与晚餐常规有关的食物决定模式。方法:2013-2014年，对加州中央谷地22名5-10岁儿童的拉丁裔母亲进行34次深度访谈。之前发表的研究为半结构化面试指南提供了信息。一个扎根的理论方法被用来确定主题。结果:出现了四种显著的食物决策方法。家庭展示了这些方法的六种组合。母亲明确的保健目标指导保健方针。传统的方法强调吃最喜欢的食谱。在发展性方法中，父母根据孩子会随着时间的推移发展成人的口味的信念来修改孩子的主餐。阻力最小的途径是考虑权宜之计而不是其他问题。结论:虽然在其他人群中已经观察到最小阻力路径和健康方法，但本文提供了拉丁裔人群中这些类别的研究结果。此外，我们对发展和传统方法的研究结果扩展了食品决策的知识体系。指导方法提供了一个对不同食物模式敏感的框架。

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引用次数: 1

CJHP Editorial Board CJHP编辑委员会

Californian journal of health promotion

Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.32398/cjhp.v17i1.2217

E. Board

引用次数: 0

Adolescent Boys are at Risk for Body Image Dissatisfaction and Muscle Dysmorphia 青春期男孩有身体形象不满意和肌肉畸形的风险

Californian journal of health promotion

Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.32398/cjhp.v17i1.2224

K. Skemp, Renae L. Elwood, D. Reineke

Background and Purpose: Muscle Dysmorphia (MD) is characterized by extreme body dissatisfaction and a drive for muscularity that leads to compulsive behaviors to attain an ideal body shape. The primary purpose of this study was to assess the level of body image dissatisfaction (BID) among male adolescents (N = 149, mean age = 15.01 + 1.85 y and mean BMI = 23.26 + 5.01 kg/m2 ) and whether or not BID was correlated with behaviors associated with MD. A secondary purpose was to examine if a difference exists between athletes and non-athletes. Methods: The Eating Attitude Survey (EAS) was used to assess attitudes toward body weight and shape while the Muscle Dysmorphia Inventory (MDI) was used to assess the behavioral and psychological characteristics of MD. Results: This sample of male adolescents indicate some level of BID, which is also associated with overall higher scores for all subscales of the MDI, but especially the subscales relating to muscularity. Athletes in particular showed higher levels of BID and higher scores on the MDI. Conclusion: Individuals who work with adolescent boys should be aware that they can develop body dissatisfaction and may participate in compensatory behaviors that may be harmful to their overall health and development.

背景与目的:肌肉畸形症(Muscle Dysmorphia, MD)的特征是对身体极度不满和对肌肉的驱动，从而导致强迫性行为以达到理想的身体形状。本研究的主要目的是评估男性青少年(N = 149，平均年龄= 15.01 + 1.85 y，平均BMI = 23.26 + 5.01 kg/m2)的身体形象不满意(BID)水平，以及BID是否与MD相关行为相关。次要目的是检查运动员和非运动员之间是否存在差异。方法:使用饮食态度调查(EAS)来评估对体重和体型的态度，而使用肌肉畸形量表(MDI)来评估MD的行为和心理特征。结果:该样本的男性青少年表明一定程度的BID，这也与MDI所有亚量表的总体高分有关，尤其是与肌肉有关的亚量表。特别是运动员表现出更高的BID水平和更高的MDI分数。结论:与青春期男孩一起工作的个体应该意识到他们可能会产生身体不满，并可能参与可能对他们的整体健康和发展有害的补偿行为。

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引用次数: 3

Evaluating Streetscape Modifications in Los Angeles, California with a Health Lens 用健康视角评估加州洛杉矶街景改造

Californian journal of health promotion

Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.32398/cjhp.v17i1.2220

Gabrielle Green, Lauren N. Gase, Chandini Singh, T. Kuo

Background and Purpose: Despite growing evidence linking health and the built environment, local health departments are often not involved in the evaluation of a streetscape modification project. This paper describes an assessment conducted by a local health department to address this gap by using a health lens to evaluate the installation of painted curb extensions on a commercial corridor in Los Angeles. Methods: The local health department conducted an observational pre-post study of pedestrian and motorist data at both an intersection receiving the painted curb extension and a comparison intersection along the same corridor that had already received the extension. The study also analyzed streetscape features along the corridor related to walkability, to understand the painted curb extension in the context of the broader built environment. Results: The painted curb extension did not appear to significantly impact pedestrian and motorist behavior, though some slight changes were observed. Pedestrians along the corridor generally exhibited safe behavior at intersections, but encountered dangerous driver behavior and built environment barriers, which can discourage walking. Conclusion: This case study demonstrates how health considerations can be integrated into an evaluation of a streetscape modification project, and can provide guidance for other health practitioners developing such evaluation projects in their own jurisdictions.

背景和目的:尽管越来越多的证据表明健康与建筑环境有关，但地方卫生部门往往不参与街景改造项目的评估。本文描述了一项由当地卫生部门进行的评估，通过使用健康镜头来评估洛杉矶商业走廊上涂漆的路缘延伸部分的安装，以解决这一差距。方法:当地卫生部门进行了一项观察性的岗前研究，对一个十字路口的行人和机动车数据进行了研究，该十字路口在同一走廊的一个十字路口已经接受了扩建。该研究还分析了与步行性相关的走廊沿线的街景特征，以了解在更广泛的建筑环境背景下的涂漆路缘扩展。结果:尽管观察到一些轻微的变化，但涂漆的路边延伸对行人和驾驶员的行为没有明显影响。行人在十字路口普遍表现出安全行为，但遇到了危险的驾驶员行为和设置的环境障碍，阻碍了行人的行走。结论:本案例研究展示了如何将健康因素纳入街景改造项目的评估，并可为其他卫生从业人员在其管辖范围内制定此类评估项目提供指导。

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引用次数: 0

Association of Covered California and Healthcare Access and Utilization among Latino Population 加州保险和拉丁裔人口获得和利用医疗保健协会

Californian journal of health promotion

Pub Date : 2018-12-01 DOI: 10.32398/cjhp.v16i2.2089

Anna Nelson, Aaron De Leon, N. Modeste, H. Marshak, J. Banta, Huma Shah

Background and Purpose: The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act resulted in establishment of Covered California (Covered CA), a marketplace providing federally subsidized health insurance in California. This study explored whether obtaining Covered CA coverage improves healthcare access and utilization among Latinos, and whether acculturation plays a role in utilization of healthcare. Methods: 270 Latino adults in San Diego community completed a self-report survey. Results: Those with Covered CA were significantly more likely to have a main provider (p

背景和目的:《患者保护和可负担医疗法案》促成了Covered California (Covered CA)的建立，这是一个在加州提供联邦补贴医疗保险的市场。本研究探讨获得Covered CA覆盖是否能改善拉丁美洲人的医疗保健获取和利用，以及文化适应是否在医疗保健利用中发挥作用。方法:270名圣地亚哥社区拉丁裔成年人完成自我报告调查。结果:有Covered CA的患者更有可能有一个主要提供者(p

引用次数: 0

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