Abstract An HIV knowledge survey and qualitative interview were administered to 20 case managers in community-based programs for troubled youth to assess HIV knowledge and their perception of client HIV risk behaviors. Participants had good HIV knowledge. Case managers perceived client youth to be at high risk for HIV infection due to unsafe sexual practices, survival sex, vulnerability to victimization, and homelessness. Teenaged girls were seen as being at higher risk than teenage boys. Clients with stable placements and involved caregivers were deemed at lower risk due to increased emotional and behavioral support. Few case managers provided HIV prevention services due to strained resources, insufficient training, and difficulty talking about sexuality. Implications for prevention are discussed.
{"title":"HIV Risk Behavior Among Delinquent and Mentally 111 Teens","authors":"Michael D. Smith, D. Seal, S. Hartley","doi":"10.1300/J499v06n02_07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J499v06n02_07","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract An HIV knowledge survey and qualitative interview were administered to 20 case managers in community-based programs for troubled youth to assess HIV knowledge and their perception of client HIV risk behaviors. Participants had good HIV knowledge. Case managers perceived client youth to be at high risk for HIV infection due to unsafe sexual practices, survival sex, vulnerability to victimization, and homelessness. Teenaged girls were seen as being at higher risk than teenage boys. Clients with stable placements and involved caregivers were deemed at lower risk due to increased emotional and behavioral support. Few case managers provided HIV prevention services due to strained resources, insufficient training, and difficulty talking about sexuality. Implications for prevention are discussed.","PeriodicalId":87475,"journal":{"name":"Journal of HIV/AIDS prevention in children & youth","volume":"6 1","pages":"115 - 97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1300/J499v06n02_07","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66355013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dexter R. Voisin, L. Salazar, R. Crosby, R. DiClemente, W. Yarber, Michelle Staples-Horne
Abstract Published reports have not investigated the issue of voluntary HIV testing among detained youth, a population disproportionately infected with HIV compared to other adolescent groups. Data were collected from 467 sexually active detained adolescents in Georgia on demographic, environmental, and drug and sexual history variables, to explore differences between those who ever tested for HIV and those who never tested for HIV prior to being detained. Among the total sample, testing was associated with living in a rural area, having received school or community-based sex education classes, causing a pregnancy or having been pregnant, having had an STD diagnosis, and recently having sex with a partner who was high on drugs. However, there were significant gender differences with respect to these findings. Results suggest that a significant number of detained adolescents (especially males) engage in risky sexual behaviors, but have never been tested for HIV. Consequently, strongly promoting HIV testing at detention centers may serve as a significant best baseline care practice for detained youth.
{"title":"HIV Testing Among Detained Youth","authors":"Dexter R. Voisin, L. Salazar, R. Crosby, R. DiClemente, W. Yarber, Michelle Staples-Horne","doi":"10.1300/J499v06n02_06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J499v06n02_06","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Published reports have not investigated the issue of voluntary HIV testing among detained youth, a population disproportionately infected with HIV compared to other adolescent groups. Data were collected from 467 sexually active detained adolescents in Georgia on demographic, environmental, and drug and sexual history variables, to explore differences between those who ever tested for HIV and those who never tested for HIV prior to being detained. Among the total sample, testing was associated with living in a rural area, having received school or community-based sex education classes, causing a pregnancy or having been pregnant, having had an STD diagnosis, and recently having sex with a partner who was high on drugs. However, there were significant gender differences with respect to these findings. Results suggest that a significant number of detained adolescents (especially males) engage in risky sexual behaviors, but have never been tested for HIV. Consequently, strongly promoting HIV testing at detention centers may serve as a significant best baseline care practice for detained youth.","PeriodicalId":87475,"journal":{"name":"Journal of HIV/AIDS prevention in children & youth","volume":"6 1","pages":"83 - 96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1300/J499v06n02_06","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66354923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Parents are an important component of HIV prevention efforts for adolescents. The purpose of this study was to work with a community-based organization, Mothers' Voices South Florida, to evaluate the effectiveness of their educational program that teaches mothers how to talk to their children about HIV and safer sexual practices. Questionnaires were sent to 349 mothers who attended the program from 2000-2001. The final sample (n = 121) was 43% White, 31% Black, and 26% Hispanic. Mothers were asked to rate their pre- and post-program communication levels with their children about HIV and safer sex. Paired T-test showed a significant difference between pre-and post-program communication levels (t= −11.404, df= 120, p= .000). Over two-fifths of the mothers (43%) reported that communication with their children had become an ongoing process. Mothers also shared information learned at the program with other adults. The study found that the Mothers' Voices program was effective in increasing communication about HIV and sexual health between mothers and their children, and mothers and Other adults in the community.
{"title":"Mothers' Voices","authors":"Cindy Silitsky, S. Jones","doi":"10.1300/J499v06n02_03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J499v06n02_03","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Parents are an important component of HIV prevention efforts for adolescents. The purpose of this study was to work with a community-based organization, Mothers' Voices South Florida, to evaluate the effectiveness of their educational program that teaches mothers how to talk to their children about HIV and safer sexual practices. Questionnaires were sent to 349 mothers who attended the program from 2000-2001. The final sample (n = 121) was 43% White, 31% Black, and 26% Hispanic. Mothers were asked to rate their pre- and post-program communication levels with their children about HIV and safer sex. Paired T-test showed a significant difference between pre-and post-program communication levels (t= −11.404, df= 120, p= .000). Over two-fifths of the mothers (43%) reported that communication with their children had become an ongoing process. Mothers also shared information learned at the program with other adults. The study found that the Mothers' Voices program was effective in increasing communication about HIV and sexual health between mothers and their children, and mothers and Other adults in the community.","PeriodicalId":87475,"journal":{"name":"Journal of HIV/AIDS prevention in children & youth","volume":"6 1","pages":"33 - 46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1300/J499v06n02_03","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66354533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Louis Herns Marcelin, H Virginia McCoy, Ralph J Diclemente
This study examined HIV/AIDS knowledge and beliefs in Haitian adolescents in an HIV epicenter, Miami-Dade Florida. This study examined survey data from 300 Haitian adolescents, aged 13 through 18, from both low-and middle-income neighborhoods. A sub-sample of 80 adolescents was selected for in-depth interviews and continuous observations with their families and networks of friends, which added rich descriptions to the quantitative data. Overall knowledge about HIV/AIDS was high with the majority of adolescents identifying unprotected sex and sharing injection drug needles as HIV transmission routes. Moreover, approximately 75% of the adolescents reported condom use as an effective preventive strategy. However, misconceptions that could reduce adolescents' adoption of HIV preventive strategies were also identified. The adolescents' sources for information about HIV/AIDS as well as implications for prevention interventions are discussed.
{"title":"HIV/AIDS Knowledge and Beliefs Among Haitian Adolescents in Miami-Dade County, Florida.","authors":"Louis Herns Marcelin, H Virginia McCoy, Ralph J Diclemente","doi":"10.1300/J499v07n01_07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J499v07n01_07","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study examined HIV/AIDS knowledge and beliefs in Haitian adolescents in an HIV epicenter, Miami-Dade Florida. This study examined survey data from 300 Haitian adolescents, aged 13 through 18, from both low-and middle-income neighborhoods. A sub-sample of 80 adolescents was selected for in-depth interviews and continuous observations with their families and networks of friends, which added rich descriptions to the quantitative data. Overall knowledge about HIV/AIDS was high with the majority of adolescents identifying unprotected sex and sharing injection drug needles as HIV transmission routes. Moreover, approximately 75% of the adolescents reported condom use as an effective preventive strategy. However, misconceptions that could reduce adolescents' adoption of HIV preventive strategies were also identified. The adolescents' sources for information about HIV/AIDS as well as implications for prevention interventions are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":87475,"journal":{"name":"Journal of HIV/AIDS prevention in children & youth","volume":"7 1","pages":"121-138"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1300/J499v07n01_07","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26723296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Sawyer, S. Blake, R. Ledsky, C. Goodenow, Doug Evans
Abstract This study identified substantial training and resource needs for special education (SPED), transitional bilingual education/ English as a Second Language (TBE/ESL), and general education (GENED) HIV education teachers relative to providing appropriate, effective HIV education to students with disabilities (SWD) and language minority/Limited English Proficient (LEP) students. Samples of school district administrators of special education (n = 287), bilingual education directors (n = 51), and high school HIV education teachers (n = 174) in Massachusetts reported substantial gaps in the training and preparation of teachers to provide instruction on key HIV education topics, lack of availability of instructional materials and inadequacy of available materials, and need for more adaptations of instructional materials to meet students' unique learning needs. Study findings provided HIV prevention program staff with data to improve staff development efforts and classroom-based instruction. Implications include conducting additional research to assess training needs from the perspective of SPED and TBE/ESL teachers and to developing interventions, curricula and materials for special population students.
{"title":"Training and Resource Needs of Teachers Who Provide HIV Education to Special Population Students","authors":"R. Sawyer, S. Blake, R. Ledsky, C. Goodenow, Doug Evans","doi":"10.1300/J499V06N01_03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J499V06N01_03","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study identified substantial training and resource needs for special education (SPED), transitional bilingual education/ English as a Second Language (TBE/ESL), and general education (GENED) HIV education teachers relative to providing appropriate, effective HIV education to students with disabilities (SWD) and language minority/Limited English Proficient (LEP) students. Samples of school district administrators of special education (n = 287), bilingual education directors (n = 51), and high school HIV education teachers (n = 174) in Massachusetts reported substantial gaps in the training and preparation of teachers to provide instruction on key HIV education topics, lack of availability of instructional materials and inadequacy of available materials, and need for more adaptations of instructional materials to meet students' unique learning needs. Study findings provided HIV prevention program staff with data to improve staff development efforts and classroom-based instruction. Implications include conducting additional research to assess training needs from the perspective of SPED and TBE/ESL teachers and to developing interventions, curricula and materials for special population students.","PeriodicalId":87475,"journal":{"name":"Journal of HIV/AIDS prevention in children & youth","volume":"6 1","pages":"27 - 42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1300/J499V06N01_03","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66354496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Lescano, L. Brown, Kristie L. Puster, P. Miller
Abstract Adolescents with a history of sexual abuse are at particular risk for HIV because of difficulties with affect regulation and dysfunctional thinking that are thought to be sequelae of the abuse. These difficulties can lead to impulsivity and failure to assertively set limits in sexual situations. Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) has frequently been employed in the treatment of abused children and adolescents, and a variant of this, Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), has been applied with abused adults. DBT may be useful as a framework for addressing affect dysregulation and dysfunctional thinking specific to sexuality within an HIV prevention intervention for abused adolescents. Important factors in the application of DBT to HIV prevention are developmental factors, the use of experiential training, and the environment in which the intervention is delivered.
{"title":"Sexual Abuse and Adolescent HIV Risk","authors":"C. Lescano, L. Brown, Kristie L. Puster, P. Miller","doi":"10.1300/J499v06n01_04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J499v06n01_04","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Adolescents with a history of sexual abuse are at particular risk for HIV because of difficulties with affect regulation and dysfunctional thinking that are thought to be sequelae of the abuse. These difficulties can lead to impulsivity and failure to assertively set limits in sexual situations. Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) has frequently been employed in the treatment of abused children and adolescents, and a variant of this, Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), has been applied with abused adults. DBT may be useful as a framework for addressing affect dysregulation and dysfunctional thinking specific to sexuality within an HIV prevention intervention for abused adolescents. Important factors in the application of DBT to HIV prevention are developmental factors, the use of experiential training, and the environment in which the intervention is delivered.","PeriodicalId":87475,"journal":{"name":"Journal of HIV/AIDS prevention in children & youth","volume":"6 1","pages":"43 - 57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1300/J499v06n01_04","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66354565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This study explores girls' perspectives of family scripts to develop family-based interventions to reduce HIV/AIDS and STIs. In-depth qualitative interviews with 33 teen girls revealed four common scripts: (a) waiting-to begin dating or to initiate sexual intercourse, (b) danger and protection, (c) abuse, and (d) taking charge. Most low-income families acknowledged pregnancy and HIV/STI risks but some girls experienced conflict with social norms and abusive partners. Most high-income families avoided addressing sexual risks explicitly but encouraged good decisions and expanded life opportunities. These findings suggest that families may tailor scripts to the perceived risk and that interventions should address gender norms among peers, relationship-associated risks, and strategies for developing healthy interpersonal teen relationships.
{"title":"Girls' Perspectives on Family Scripts About Sex-Related Topics and Relationships","authors":"A. Teitelman, C. Loveland-Cherry","doi":"10.1300/J499V06N01_05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J499V06N01_05","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study explores girls' perspectives of family scripts to develop family-based interventions to reduce HIV/AIDS and STIs. In-depth qualitative interviews with 33 teen girls revealed four common scripts: (a) waiting-to begin dating or to initiate sexual intercourse, (b) danger and protection, (c) abuse, and (d) taking charge. Most low-income families acknowledged pregnancy and HIV/STI risks but some girls experienced conflict with social norms and abusive partners. Most high-income families avoided addressing sexual risks explicitly but encouraged good decisions and expanded life opportunities. These findings suggest that families may tailor scripts to the perceived risk and that interventions should address gender norms among peers, relationship-associated risks, and strategies for developing healthy interpersonal teen relationships.","PeriodicalId":87475,"journal":{"name":"Journal of HIV/AIDS prevention in children & youth","volume":"6 1","pages":"59 - 90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1300/J499V06N01_05","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66354699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract A summary of challenges and progress concerning prevention and treatment of HIV infection in infants and children. The report concludes that the unique nature of the challenges for HIV-infected youth requires additional research (biomédical and social scientific) and integrated case management for those orphaned due to the disease and children who are HIV-infected.
{"title":"HIV Infection in Infants and Children: July 2004","authors":"","doi":"10.1300/J499v06n01_02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J499v06n01_02","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A summary of challenges and progress concerning prevention and treatment of HIV infection in infants and children. The report concludes that the unique nature of the challenges for HIV-infected youth requires additional research (biomédical and social scientific) and integrated case management for those orphaned due to the disease and children who are HIV-infected.","PeriodicalId":87475,"journal":{"name":"Journal of HIV/AIDS prevention in children & youth","volume":"6 1","pages":"15 - 25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1300/J499v06n01_02","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66354445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Thailand is widely applauded for its response to HIV/ AIDS. Yet, Thailand has largely ignored the problems of HIV/AIDS among MSM, despite a flourishing male commercial sex industry. This paper represents the author's observations of the male sex industry in Bangkok and Chaing Mai, Thailand, during the XV International AIDS Conference (IAC). I found a lack of abstracts presented at the XV IAC on young male sex workers in Thailand. I describe how MSW (money-boys) sell sex and suffer from stigma. I discuss the public health implications of these insights and offer some research questions to guide examinations of how MSW in Thailand negotiate sex, condoms, work, and Stigma.
{"title":"Money-Boys in Thailand","authors":"M. Mutchler","doi":"10.1300/J499v06n01_07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J499v06n01_07","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Thailand is widely applauded for its response to HIV/ AIDS. Yet, Thailand has largely ignored the problems of HIV/AIDS among MSM, despite a flourishing male commercial sex industry. This paper represents the author's observations of the male sex industry in Bangkok and Chaing Mai, Thailand, during the XV International AIDS Conference (IAC). I found a lack of abstracts presented at the XV IAC on young male sex workers in Thailand. I describe how MSW (money-boys) sell sex and suffer from stigma. I discuss the public health implications of these insights and offer some research questions to guide examinations of how MSW in Thailand negotiate sex, condoms, work, and Stigma.","PeriodicalId":87475,"journal":{"name":"Journal of HIV/AIDS prevention in children & youth","volume":"6 1","pages":"121 - 128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1300/J499v06n01_07","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66354854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Farber, G. Wormser, K. Kauffman, David L. Lindauer
{"title":"THE AIDS RESOURCE NOOK","authors":"N. Farber, G. Wormser, K. Kauffman, David L. Lindauer","doi":"10.1300/j499v06n01_08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/j499v06n01_08","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":87475,"journal":{"name":"Journal of HIV/AIDS prevention in children & youth","volume":"6 1","pages":"129 - 144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1300/j499v06n01_08","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66354869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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