Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.33307/entomon.v47i4.788
Drishya Prakashan, R. J. Nija, G. Krishnan, K. Soni, S. Alex, Smita Sudheer, S. Shanas
The effect of stingless bee propolis on the proliferation and differentiation of human stem cells is reported for the first time. Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) treated with the propolis extracted from Lisotrigona sp, Tetragonula calophyllae and T. travancorica (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Apinae: Meliponini) displayed a remarkable difference in their morphology. Gene expression analysis revealed pluripotency markers OCT4 and NANOG to be down-regulated upon treatment with propolis, which confirmed early differentiation of hPSCs. Further investigation on the gene expression of early differentiation markers revealed that propolis supports mesendoderm differentiation, which is a novel finding. The propolis obtained from stingless bees Tetragonula spp. probably has more therapeutic value in terms of its effect on hPSCs viz., more tendency of the cells to differentiate into mesoderm and endoderm lineages, compared to the propolis obtained from Lisotrigona sp.
{"title":"Effect of stingless bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Apinae: Meliponini) propolis on the proliferation of human stem cells","authors":"Drishya Prakashan, R. J. Nija, G. Krishnan, K. Soni, S. Alex, Smita Sudheer, S. Shanas","doi":"10.33307/entomon.v47i4.788","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33307/entomon.v47i4.788","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of stingless bee propolis on the proliferation and differentiation of human stem cells is reported for the first time. Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) treated with the propolis extracted from Lisotrigona sp, Tetragonula calophyllae and T. travancorica (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Apinae: Meliponini) displayed a remarkable difference in their morphology. Gene expression analysis revealed pluripotency markers OCT4 and NANOG to be down-regulated upon treatment with propolis, which confirmed early differentiation of hPSCs. Further investigation on the gene expression of early differentiation markers revealed that propolis supports mesendoderm differentiation, which is a novel finding. The propolis obtained from stingless bees Tetragonula spp. probably has more therapeutic value in terms of its effect on hPSCs viz., more tendency of the cells to differentiate into mesoderm and endoderm lineages, compared to the propolis obtained from Lisotrigona sp.","PeriodicalId":87603,"journal":{"name":"Entomon; internationale Zeitschrift fur die gesamte Insektenkunde","volume":"188 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80698567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.33307/entomon.v47i4.805
S. Singha, G. Chandra
Epicuticular wax extract bearing n-alkane compounds were isolated from leaves of Holoptelea integrifolia and its chemical characterization was done by GC-MS analysis. Seven n-alkane compounds were isolated from epicuticular wax of H. integrifolia, which are Undecane [C11H24], Decane 5-methyl- [C11H24], Dodecane [C12H26], Undecane, 3,6-dimethyl- [C12H26], Hexadecane, 2,6,10,14-tetramethyl- [C20H42], Tridecane [C13H28], and Tetradecane [C14H30]. Different concentrations of crude extract as well as epicuticular wax extract bearing n-alkane each @ 2, 4 and 5 ppm cm-2 applied on human hand surface for repellence against Culex vishnui (vectors of JE) and at different time of exposure, gave a maximum protection of 73.33 per cent in the case of crude extract, and 94.33 per cent with epicuticular wax extract, both at 5 ppm cm-2, up to five hours of exposure.
{"title":"Chemical characterization of n-alkane compounds in the leaves of Holoptelea integrifolia and its repellence against Japanese encephalitis vector","authors":"S. Singha, G. Chandra","doi":"10.33307/entomon.v47i4.805","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33307/entomon.v47i4.805","url":null,"abstract":"Epicuticular wax extract bearing n-alkane compounds were isolated from leaves of Holoptelea integrifolia and its chemical characterization was done by GC-MS analysis. Seven n-alkane compounds were isolated from epicuticular wax of H. integrifolia, which are Undecane [C11H24], Decane 5-methyl- [C11H24], Dodecane [C12H26], Undecane, 3,6-dimethyl- [C12H26], Hexadecane, 2,6,10,14-tetramethyl- [C20H42], Tridecane [C13H28], and Tetradecane [C14H30]. Different concentrations of crude extract as well as epicuticular wax extract bearing n-alkane each @ 2, 4 and 5 ppm cm-2 applied on human hand surface for repellence against Culex vishnui (vectors of JE) and at different time of exposure, gave a maximum protection of 73.33 per cent in the case of crude extract, and 94.33 per cent with epicuticular wax extract, both at 5 ppm cm-2, up to five hours of exposure.","PeriodicalId":87603,"journal":{"name":"Entomon; internationale Zeitschrift fur die gesamte Insektenkunde","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85671784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.33307/entomon.v47i4.799
A. Kalawate, A. Shabnam, K. Dinesh
The paper presents the record of the poorly known endemic species of wood roach from India after a gap of almost 40 years. In India, discernible work has been done on the DNA barcode of cockroaches including the genus Salganea. This work forms the first mitochondrial DNA barcode for the species Salganea rehni Roth, 1979.
{"title":"Additional record of the little known xylophagous endemic wood roach Salganea rehni Roth, 1979 (Blattodea, Blaberidae, Panesthiinae) from the Western Ghats, India with its DNA barcode","authors":"A. Kalawate, A. Shabnam, K. Dinesh","doi":"10.33307/entomon.v47i4.799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33307/entomon.v47i4.799","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents the record of the poorly known endemic species of wood roach from India after a gap of almost 40 years. In India, discernible work has been done on the DNA barcode of cockroaches including the genus Salganea. This work forms the first mitochondrial DNA barcode for the species Salganea rehni Roth, 1979.","PeriodicalId":87603,"journal":{"name":"Entomon; internationale Zeitschrift fur die gesamte Insektenkunde","volume":"539 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89612682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.33307/entomon.v47i3.774
Linta Joseph, K. Jose
In the preliminary study conducted to document the spider fauna in Vallakadavu range, Idukki district, Kerala, a total of 33 species of spiders belonging to 29 genera from 12 families were recorded. Among the 12 families recorded, Araneidae was the most predominant with orb web weavers. From the guild analysis, the recorded families were categorized into seven principle types of web patterns.The study extends the range of Poecilotheriastriata Pocock, 1895 in the state to the east.
{"title":"Checklist of spiders from Vallakadavu range of Western Ghats, Kerala, India","authors":"Linta Joseph, K. Jose","doi":"10.33307/entomon.v47i3.774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33307/entomon.v47i3.774","url":null,"abstract":"In the preliminary study conducted to document the spider fauna in Vallakadavu range, Idukki district, Kerala, a total of 33 species of spiders belonging to 29 genera from 12 families were recorded. Among the 12 families recorded, Araneidae was the most predominant with orb web weavers. From the guild analysis, the recorded families were categorized into seven principle types of web patterns.The study extends the range of Poecilotheriastriata Pocock, 1895 in the state to the east.","PeriodicalId":87603,"journal":{"name":"Entomon; internationale Zeitschrift fur die gesamte Insektenkunde","volume":"93 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85655146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.33307/entomon.v47i3.760
H. Kumar, Sumer Singh, A. Yadav, Mahesh Kumar
Effectiveness of diverse eco-safe strategies against mustard aphid, Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach) infesting Indian mustard was evaluated for two years with 11 treatments viz., Beauveria bassiana @ 108 CS ml-1, neem seed kernel extract (NSKE) @ 5 per cent, neem oil @ 5 per cent, B. bassiana @ 108 CS ml-1 after clipping of infested twigs (CIT), nimbecidine @ 0.03 per cent, NSKE @ 5 per cent after CIT, neem oil @ 5 per cent after CIT, nimbecidine @ 0.03 per cent after CIT, clipping of infested twigs alone, dimethoate 30 EC @ 625 ml ha-1 and control. The pooled data revealed that dimethoate contributed maximum efficacy in reducing L. erysimi population over control (89.74 %), followed by B. bassiana after CIT (83.16 %) and nimbecidine @ 0.03 per cent after CIT (80.51%). Seed yield (1716 kg ha-1) was maximum in dimethoate , followed by treatments B. bassiana @ 108 CS ml-1 after CIT (1636.5 kg ha-1) and nimbecidine @ 0.03 per cent after CIT (1608 kg ha-1), whereas minimum (1211 kg ha-1) in the control. The gross income (Rs 64350 ha-1) and net return (Rs 18017 ha-1) were highest in dimethoate, followed by B. bassiana @ 108 CS ml-1 after CIT with gross income of Rs 61388 ha-1 and net return of Rs 13865 ha-1. The incremental cost-benefit ratio was also maximum in dimethoate (1: 19.58), followed by B. bassiana, nimbecidine and NSKE treatments (1: 6.33 to 7.27). Results suggest that B. bassiana @ 108 CS ml-1 after CIT and nimbecidine @ 0.03 per cent after CIT can be used as a non- chemical control option as a substitute to chemical control.
不同eco-safe策略的有效性对芥末蚜虫,Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach)——印度芥菜评估与11治疗即。两年来,白僵菌@ 108 CS ml-1,印楝种子内核提取(NSKE) @ 5%,印楝油@ 5%,单独使用@ 108 CS ml-1出没的树枝(CIT)剪裁后,nimbecidine @ 0.03%, CIT NSKE @ 5%后,印楝油@ CIT 5%之后,CIT nimbecidine @ 0.03%后,单独修剪受感染的树枝，乐果30 EC @ 625 ml ha-1和对照。综合数据显示，乐果对水蛭种群的减少效果最大(89.74%)，其次是球孢白杆菌(83.16%)和尼贝西定(0.03%)(80.51%)。种子产量最高的是乐果，为1716 kg ha-1，其次是108 CS ml-1处理(1636.5 kg ha-1)和0.03%尼贝西定处理(1608 kg ha-1)，而对照最低(1211 kg ha-1)。乐果处理的毛收入(64350 ha-1卢比)和净收益(18017 ha-1卢比)最高，CIT处理后的球孢白球菌次之，毛收入61388 ha-1卢比，净收益13865 ha-1卢比。增加成本效益比以乐果为主(1:19 .58)，其次为球孢白僵菌、尼贝西定和NSKE(1:6 .33 ~ 7.27)。结果表明，CIT处理后的球孢白僵菌@ 108 CS ml-1和CIT处理后的尼贝西定@ 0.03%可作为替代化学防治的非化学防治选择。
{"title":"Field evaluation of management strategies against Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach) (Homoptera: Aphididae) infesting Indian mustard in Haryana, India","authors":"H. Kumar, Sumer Singh, A. Yadav, Mahesh Kumar","doi":"10.33307/entomon.v47i3.760","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33307/entomon.v47i3.760","url":null,"abstract":"Effectiveness of diverse eco-safe strategies against mustard aphid, Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach) infesting Indian mustard was evaluated for two years with 11 treatments viz., Beauveria bassiana @ 108 CS ml-1, neem seed kernel extract (NSKE) @ 5 per cent, neem oil @ 5 per cent, B. bassiana @ 108 CS ml-1 after clipping of infested twigs (CIT), nimbecidine @ 0.03 per cent, NSKE @ 5 per cent after CIT, neem oil @ 5 per cent after CIT, nimbecidine @ 0.03 per cent after CIT, clipping of infested twigs alone, dimethoate 30 EC @ 625 ml ha-1 and control. The pooled data revealed that dimethoate contributed maximum efficacy in reducing L. erysimi population over control (89.74 %), followed by B. bassiana after CIT (83.16 %) and nimbecidine @ 0.03 per cent after CIT (80.51%). Seed yield (1716 kg ha-1) was maximum in dimethoate , followed by treatments B. bassiana @ 108 CS ml-1 after CIT (1636.5 kg ha-1) and nimbecidine @ 0.03 per cent after CIT (1608 kg ha-1), whereas minimum (1211 kg ha-1) in the control. The gross income (Rs 64350 ha-1) and net return (Rs 18017 ha-1) were highest in dimethoate, followed by B. bassiana @ 108 CS ml-1 after CIT with gross income of Rs 61388 ha-1 and net return of Rs 13865 ha-1. The incremental cost-benefit ratio was also maximum in dimethoate (1: 19.58), followed by B. bassiana, nimbecidine and NSKE treatments (1: 6.33 to 7.27). Results suggest that B. bassiana @ 108 CS ml-1 after CIT and nimbecidine @ 0.03 per cent after CIT can be used as a non- chemical control option as a substitute to chemical control.","PeriodicalId":87603,"journal":{"name":"Entomon; internationale Zeitschrift fur die gesamte Insektenkunde","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85939986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.33307/entomon.v47i3.759
K.P. Sijina, D. A. Evans
Wing scales of butterflies exhibit extreme diversity in shape, size, colour, and number of spines. They are sub microscopic with a length of 300 to 600µm and a breadth of 150 to 400µm. A typical scale possessed a flat body with basal pedicel and apical crown which is provided with a varying number of pointed edges called spines. Investigations were carried outon the morphology of wing scales in four species of common butterflies viz., Pachilopta hector (Linnaeus 1758), Troides minos (Cramer 1779), Jamides celeno (Cramer1775) and Eurema andersonii (Linnaeus 1758). Wings of P. hector possessed nine types of scales, the crown of all are with pointed spines of varying numbers, ranging from one to five. The southern birdwing T. minos, possessed nine types of scales. A major portion of wings with black colour is due to black coloured scales but white bands of the forewings are due to transparent and colourless scales. The prominent yellow colour on the hind wings of this butterfly is due to the presence of a single type of scale with a round crown that is devoid of spines and is fully packed with yellow pigment. Jamides celeno possessed twenty different types of scales, most of them are devoid of spines and the ridges within the scales are not clear. Scales on the upper surface of the wing with ashy blue colour and scales of white bands on the lower surface of the wings are identical and are transparent and colourless. The common grass yellow E. andersonii possessed twentyfive different types of scales, of which thirteen are on the black margins of wings and twelve are in the yellow portions of wings. Almost half of the total number of scales in the yellow portions of the wing is transparent and colourless and in coloured scales distribution of pigment is not uniform.This is the first report on the different types of wings scales in the selected butterflies.
{"title":"Morphological investigations on the wing scales of four species of common Indian butterflies","authors":"K.P. Sijina, D. A. Evans","doi":"10.33307/entomon.v47i3.759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33307/entomon.v47i3.759","url":null,"abstract":"Wing scales of butterflies exhibit extreme diversity in shape, size, colour, and number of spines. They are sub microscopic with a length of 300 to 600µm and a breadth of 150 to 400µm. A typical scale possessed a flat body with basal pedicel and apical crown which is provided with a varying number of pointed edges called spines. Investigations were carried outon the morphology of wing scales in four species of common butterflies viz., Pachilopta hector (Linnaeus 1758), Troides minos (Cramer 1779), Jamides celeno (Cramer1775) and Eurema andersonii (Linnaeus 1758). Wings of P. hector possessed nine types of scales, the crown of all are with pointed spines of varying numbers, ranging from one to five. The southern birdwing T. minos, possessed nine types of scales. A major portion of wings with black colour is due to black coloured scales but white bands of the forewings are due to transparent and colourless scales. The prominent yellow colour on the hind wings of this butterfly is due to the presence of a single type of scale with a round crown that is devoid of spines and is fully packed with yellow pigment. Jamides celeno possessed twenty different types of scales, most of them are devoid of spines and the ridges within the scales are not clear. Scales on the upper surface of the wing with ashy blue colour and scales of white bands on the lower surface of the wings are identical and are transparent and colourless. The common grass yellow E. andersonii possessed twentyfive different types of scales, of which thirteen are on the black margins of wings and twelve are in the yellow portions of wings. Almost half of the total number of scales in the yellow portions of the wing is transparent and colourless and in coloured scales distribution of pigment is not uniform.This is the first report on the different types of wings scales in the selected butterflies.","PeriodicalId":87603,"journal":{"name":"Entomon; internationale Zeitschrift fur die gesamte Insektenkunde","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72892886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.33307/entomon.v47i3.766
R. Sekhar, K. Jose
Argyrodes Simon, 1864 is one of the rich genera of Theridiidae. For the first time A.bonadea Karsch, 1881 and A. nephilae Taczanowski, 1873 were reported from Kerala. Digital photographs are used to redescribe the species.
{"title":"New distributional record of Argyrodes bonadea Karsch, 1881 and Argyrodes nephilae Taczanowski, 1873 from Kerala, India","authors":"R. Sekhar, K. Jose","doi":"10.33307/entomon.v47i3.766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33307/entomon.v47i3.766","url":null,"abstract":"Argyrodes Simon, 1864 is one of the rich genera of Theridiidae. For the first time A.bonadea Karsch, 1881 and A. nephilae Taczanowski, 1873 were reported from Kerala. Digital photographs are used to redescribe the species.","PeriodicalId":87603,"journal":{"name":"Entomon; internationale Zeitschrift fur die gesamte Insektenkunde","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89837291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.33307/entomon.v47i3.761
Vibhu Vijayakumaran, V. P. Nair, A. Samuel, M. Palot, K. Sadasivan
A new species of Protosticta Selys, 1885 is described from Brahmagiri hills of Coorg landscape of the Western Ghats in Peninsular India. The new species Protosticta francyisp. nov., is a congener of P. antelopoides Fraser, 1931 and P. ponmudiensis Kiran, Kalesh & Kunte, 2015, occupying a similar microhabitat, but distributed north of the major biogeographical divide, the Palghat Ga p. The new taxon is distinguished from all other Protosticta of Western Ghats by the presence of long prothoracic spines in the males, the structure of the tip of the male cerci and genital ligula. A revised key to the species of Protosticta of Western Ghats is provided based on mature males.
{"title":"A new species of Protosticta Selys, 1885 (Odonata: Zygoptera: Platystictidae) from the Brahmagiri Hills, Kerala, India","authors":"Vibhu Vijayakumaran, V. P. Nair, A. Samuel, M. Palot, K. Sadasivan","doi":"10.33307/entomon.v47i3.761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33307/entomon.v47i3.761","url":null,"abstract":"A new species of Protosticta Selys, 1885 is described from Brahmagiri hills of Coorg landscape of the Western Ghats in Peninsular India. The new species Protosticta francyisp. nov., is a congener of P. antelopoides Fraser, 1931 and P. ponmudiensis Kiran, Kalesh & Kunte, 2015, occupying a similar microhabitat, but distributed north of the major biogeographical divide, the Palghat Ga p. The new taxon is distinguished from all other Protosticta of Western Ghats by the presence of long prothoracic spines in the males, the structure of the tip of the male cerci and genital ligula. A revised key to the species of Protosticta of Western Ghats is provided based on mature males.","PeriodicalId":87603,"journal":{"name":"Entomon; internationale Zeitschrift fur die gesamte Insektenkunde","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87591973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.33307/entomon.v47i3.770
S. Swapna, K. Babitha
A survey conducted to reveal on diversity in different areas in Kannur District, Kerala, indicated a total of 31 species belonging to 15 families. The families Salticidae and Araneidae showed maximum species diversity. The study revealed that the selected study areas have favorable microhabitats for the spider fauna.
{"title":"Spider fauna (Araneae: Arachnida) in different localities of Kannur District, Kerala, India","authors":"S. Swapna, K. Babitha","doi":"10.33307/entomon.v47i3.770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33307/entomon.v47i3.770","url":null,"abstract":"A survey conducted to reveal on diversity in different areas in Kannur District, Kerala, indicated a total of 31 species belonging to 15 families. The families Salticidae and Araneidae showed maximum species diversity. The study revealed that the selected study areas have favorable microhabitats for the spider fauna.","PeriodicalId":87603,"journal":{"name":"Entomon; internationale Zeitschrift fur die gesamte Insektenkunde","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90096459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.33307/entomon.v47i3.757
O. Datta, S. Tomar
Trioza fletcheri Crawford is a sap-sucking psyllid that induces galls on Trewia nudiflora leaves. Early stages of T. fletcheri feed on parenchyma, whereas late-stages and adults feed on phloem, causing galls which arise in an isolated, agglomerated mass and rosette form only on the abaxial surface of T. nudiflora leaves. The feeding action of immature stages induces changes in metabolites of host tissue and creates a nutrition sink for feeding. The biochemical study revealed that galled tissues had higher levels of metabolites (total soluble sugars, reducing sugars, total protein and free amino acids) than ungalled tissues, with average values measuring 3.4±0.09, 1.4±0.1, 0.63±0.03, 1.9±0.23, 3.0±0.72mg/gdw in ungalled leaves; 4.3±0.02, 2.9±0.3, 1.9±0.47, 3.7±0.36, 4.7±0.53 mg/g dw in young galls; 3.8±0.50, 3.7±0.3, 1.03±0.04, 2.9±0.35, 5.4±0.31 mg/g dw in mature galls; and 2.7±0.23, 2.4±0.3, 0.83±0.03, 2.6±0.34 and, 4.3±0.22mg/g dw in old galls, respectively. Enhanced activities of IAA-oxidase, á-amylase, peroxidase, and invertase were observed in galled infested leaves than in ungalled leaves, and their values were measured to be 2.45±0.53, 2.4±0.3, 0.9±0.2, and 3.7±0.5 in ungalled leaves, 2.92±0.32, 3.2±0.2, 1.9±0.5 and 4.5±0.3in young galls, 3.7±0.43, 3.6±0.4, 1.4±0.4, 4.3±0.2 in mature galls, and 2.51±0.03, 2.9±0.4, 1.4±0.4, 3.8±0.1 in old galls respectively.
{"title":"Metabolites in galls induced on the leaves of Trewian udiflora (L.) (Euphorbiaceae) by Trioza fletcheri Crawford (Hemiptera: Triozidae)","authors":"O. Datta, S. Tomar","doi":"10.33307/entomon.v47i3.757","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33307/entomon.v47i3.757","url":null,"abstract":"Trioza fletcheri Crawford is a sap-sucking psyllid that induces galls on Trewia nudiflora leaves. Early stages of T. fletcheri feed on parenchyma, whereas late-stages and adults feed on phloem, causing galls which arise in an isolated, agglomerated mass and rosette form only on the abaxial surface of T. nudiflora leaves. The feeding action of immature stages induces changes in metabolites of host tissue and creates a nutrition sink for feeding. The biochemical study revealed that galled tissues had higher levels of metabolites (total soluble sugars, reducing sugars, total protein and free amino acids) than ungalled tissues, with average values measuring 3.4±0.09, 1.4±0.1, 0.63±0.03, 1.9±0.23, 3.0±0.72mg/gdw in ungalled leaves; 4.3±0.02, 2.9±0.3, 1.9±0.47, 3.7±0.36, 4.7±0.53 mg/g dw in young galls; 3.8±0.50, 3.7±0.3, 1.03±0.04, 2.9±0.35, 5.4±0.31 mg/g dw in mature galls; and 2.7±0.23, 2.4±0.3, 0.83±0.03, 2.6±0.34 and, 4.3±0.22mg/g dw in old galls, respectively. Enhanced activities of IAA-oxidase, á-amylase, peroxidase, and invertase were observed in galled infested leaves than in ungalled leaves, and their values were measured to be 2.45±0.53, 2.4±0.3, 0.9±0.2, and 3.7±0.5 in ungalled leaves, 2.92±0.32, 3.2±0.2, 1.9±0.5 and 4.5±0.3in young galls, 3.7±0.43, 3.6±0.4, 1.4±0.4, 4.3±0.2 in mature galls, and 2.51±0.03, 2.9±0.4, 1.4±0.4, 3.8±0.1 in old galls respectively.","PeriodicalId":87603,"journal":{"name":"Entomon; internationale Zeitschrift fur die gesamte Insektenkunde","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74059923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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