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Disparities in Substance Abuse Treatment Utilization Among Women with Intellectual Disability 智力残疾妇女药物滥用治疗使用的差异
Journal of social work in disability & rehabilitation
Pub Date : 2016-03-09 DOI: 10.1080/1536710X.2016.1162120
E. Slayter
ABSTRACT Despite concerns about health disparities among women with intellectual disabilities, little is known about substance abuse treatment access in this population. Using standardized performance measures, treatment initiation and engagement were examined retrospectively for women aged 18 to 64 (N = 3,752), men with (N = 5,732) and women without intellectual disability (N = 493,446). Logistic regression models of utilization were conducted. Women in the sample were less likely than men in the sample or women without intellectual disability to utilize treatment, suggesting both gender-related and disability-related barriers. Policy and practice implications for improving the health and welfare of women with intellectual disabilities are discussed.
尽管人们关注智力残疾妇女的健康差异，但对这一人群中药物滥用治疗的可及性知之甚少。采用标准化的表现测量方法，回顾性检查了18至64岁女性(N = 3752)、男性(N = 5732)和无智力残疾女性(N = 493446)的治疗开始和参与情况。利用Logistic回归模型。样本中的女性比样本中的男性或没有智力残疾的女性更不可能利用治疗，这表明与性别和残疾有关的障碍。讨论了改善智障妇女健康和福利的政策和实践影响。
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引用次数: 6
The Subjective Well-Being of Parents of Children with Developmental Disabilities: The Role of Hope as Predictor and Fosterer of Well-Being 发展障碍儿童父母的主观幸福感:希望对其幸福感的预测和促进作用
Journal of social work in disability & rehabilitation
Pub Date : 2016-03-09 DOI: 10.1080/1536710X.2016.1162119
Vered Shenaar-Golan
ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to identify factors that can improve the subjective well-being (SWB) of parents of children with a developmental disability, expand the knowledge relating to the role of hope in their lives, and improve the extent to which parent appraisals of the influence of the disability (on the couple's relationship, family functioning, and personal development) moderate this association. The results revealed that parental SWB was below the societal average; however, it differed significantly across levels of parent appraisals of their child's disability. Findings from this study point to the importance of hope to improve parental SWB.
摘要本研究的目的是找出能够改善发育障碍儿童父母主观幸福感(SWB)的因素，扩展希望在他们生活中的作用的相关知识，并提高父母对残疾影响(对夫妻关系、家庭功能和个人发展的影响)的评估在多大程度上调节这种关联。结果表明，父母的主观幸福感低于社会平均水平;然而，不同水平的父母对孩子残疾的评价存在显著差异。本研究的结果指出希望对改善父母的幸福感的重要性。
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引用次数: 10
Difficult Discharge in Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine Causing Moral Distress 儿科康复医学中出院困难引起的道德困扰
Journal of social work in disability & rehabilitation
Pub Date : 2016-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/1536710X.2016.1124253
Michael M. Green, B. Carter, A. Lasky
ABSTRACT An ethical dimension exists in nearly all decisions made. Yet, there are clinical decisions in which the ethical dilemma is so difficult for the clinician that it results in moral distress. We present one example of a morally distressing situation in which care was provided for a child who had altered physical abilities after a trauma and was being discharged to a suboptimal family environment. Caring for a child with an acquired spinal cord injury requires significant resources. When a family is able to physically care for the child, but has demonstrated incomplete follow-through, the team is at risk for experiencing significant moral distress.
伦理维度几乎存在于所有的决策中。然而，在一些临床决策中，伦理困境对临床医生来说是如此困难，以至于导致道德困境。我们提出了一个道德上令人苦恼的例子，在这个例子中，一个孩子在创伤后身体能力发生了变化，被送到了一个不理想的家庭环境中。照顾患有后天性脊髓损伤的儿童需要大量的资源。当一个家庭有能力照顾孩子，但表现出不完整的跟进，团队就有可能经历重大的道德困境。
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引用次数: 3
Understanding Effects of Flexible Spending Accounts on People with Disabilities: The Case of a Consumer-Directed Care Program 了解灵活支出账户对残疾人的影响:以消费者为导向的护理项目为例
Journal of social work in disability & rehabilitation
Pub Date : 2016-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/1536710X.2016.1124255
M. Lombe, Megumi Inoue, K. Mahoney, Y. Chu, M. Putnam
ABSTRACT This study set out to explore the saving behavior, barriers, and facilitators along with effects of participating in a consumer-directed care program among people with disabilities in the state of West Virginia (N = 29). Results suggest that respondents were able to save money through the program to enable them to purchase goods and services they needed to enhance their welfare and quality of life. Generally, items saved for fell into 3 broad categories: household equipment, individual functioning, and home modification. Facilitators and barriers to saving were also indicated and so were the benefits of program participation. Program and policy implications are presented.
本研究旨在探讨西弗吉尼亚州(N = 29)残疾人参与消费者导向护理项目的储蓄行为、障碍和促进因素及其影响。结果表明，受访者能够通过该计划节省资金，使他们能够购买他们需要的商品和服务，以提高他们的福利和生活质量。一般来说，储蓄的物品分为三大类:家用设备、个人功能和家庭装修。还指出了储蓄的促进因素和障碍，以及参与计划的好处。提出了项目和政策影响。
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引用次数: 2
Transportation Self-Efficacy and Social Problem-Solving of Persons Who Are Blind or Visually Impaired 盲人或视障人士的交通自我效能感与社会问题解决
Journal of social work in disability & rehabilitation
Pub Date : 2016-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/1536710X.2016.1124254
A. Crudden, K. Antonelli, Jamie O’Mally
ABSTRACT Social problem-solving skills and transportation self-efficacy were assessed for 48 vocational rehabilitation consumers with visual disabilities who required assistance securing work transportation. Social problem solving was at the upper end of the normed average; transportation self-efficacy averaged 101.5 out of 140. Level of vision loss was not associated with score differences; urban residence related to slightly higher self-efficacy than suburban or rural residency. Participants appeared to have the skills necessary to secure employment transportation, but were less confident about transportation-seeking activities that required more initiative of social interaction. Training and information might help consumers gain confidence in these tasks and increase viable transportation options.
摘要本研究对48名视力障碍的职业康复消费者进行了社会问题解决能力和交通自我效能感的评估。解决社会问题的能力处于规范平均水平的上端;交通自我效能平均为101.5分(满分140分)。视力丧失程度与评分差异无关;城市居民的自我效能感略高于郊区或农村居民。参与者似乎拥有确保就业交通所需的技能，但对需要更多主动社交互动的交通寻求活动缺乏信心。培训和信息可以帮助消费者获得对这些任务的信心，并增加可行的交通选择。
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引用次数: 13
Caring for Blind Parents: Cost to the Education and Well-Being of Children in Tamale, Ghana 照顾失明父母:加纳塔马利儿童的教育和福祉成本
Journal of social work in disability & rehabilitation
Pub Date : 2016-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/1536710X.2016.1124252
Ahmed Bawa Kuyini, A. Alhassan
ABSTRACT In this study we explored the experiences of the guide children (children who guide adults with visual impairment to beg for a living on the streets) in Tamale, Ghana, to unearth the impact of the guiding role on their educational participation and well-being. Data were gathered from 104 children and 57 adults using a set of questionnaires and interviews. The results showed that adults chose many of the children to take on the guide role and many of the children did not attend school. The implications for the children’s well-being are discussed in relation to needs and rights.
在本研究中，我们探讨了在加纳Tamale的导盲儿童(引导有视力障碍的成年人在街上乞讨的儿童)的经历，以揭示指导作用对他们的教育参与和福祉的影响。研究人员通过问卷调查和访谈收集了104名儿童和57名成年人的数据。结果表明，成人选择了许多儿童承担引导角色，许多儿童没有上学。在需要和权利方面讨论了对儿童福利的影响。
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引用次数: 6
Eliciting Help Without Pity: The Effect of Changing Media Images on Perceptions of Disability 没有怜悯的帮助:改变媒体形象对残疾认知的影响
Journal of social work in disability & rehabilitation
Pub Date : 2016-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/1536710X.2016.1124251
S. Kamenetsky, Christina Dimakos, Asal Aslemand, A. Saleh, Saamiyah Ali-Mohammed
ABSTRACT This study investigated whether newer, more positive disability charity images can elicit helping behavior without producing pity. One hundred sixty-one university undergraduate students were presented with 35 older (1960–1990) and newer (1991–2010) disability charity images and completed a questionnaire about each image. Results indicate that overall, identification with depicted individuals was low; positive attitudes and perceptions of capabilities were moderate to high. Newer images led to more positive responses, but no significant difference in willingness to help. Eliciting pity through negative depictions of disability appears not to be a necessary precondition for eliciting helping behavior toward people with disabilities.
摘要本研究旨在探讨更新、更积极的残障慈善形象是否能在不产生怜悯的情况下引发助人行为。研究人员向161名大学生展示了35张较老(1960-1990)和较新(1991-2010)的残疾慈善图像，并就每张图像填写了问卷。结果表明，总体而言，对所描绘个体的认同程度较低;积极态度和对能力的认知为中高。更新的图片导致更积极的反应，但在帮助意愿上没有显著差异。通过对残疾的负面描述来引起同情似乎并不是引起对残疾人的帮助行为的必要前提。
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引用次数: 18
National Guard service members' perceptions of informal and formal supports: an exploratory study. 国民警卫队成员对非正式和正式支持的看法:一项探索性研究。
Journal of social work in disability & rehabilitation
Pub Date : 2015-01-01 Epub Date: 2015-02-11 DOI: 10.1080/1536710X.2015.1014534
Amanda R Reedy, Rie Kobayashi

Much of the research on military families has focused on active duty service members. Little is known about informal and formal supports that National Guard service members use. Using an ecological systems perspective, this exploratory pilot study assessed awareness, access, use, satisfaction, and perceptions of effectiveness of informal and formal supports in a small group of National Guard service members. Results indicate that although service members are aware of many formal and informal supports, use of many of the supports is limited. Additionally, satisfaction and perceptions of effectiveness of many supports is neutral. The implications of these results are discussed.

很多关于军人家庭的研究都集中在现役军人身上。人们对国民警卫队成员使用的非正式和正式支持知之甚少。利用生态系统的观点，这项探索性试点研究评估了一小群国民警卫队服务成员对非正式和正式支持的认识、获取、使用、满意度和有效性的看法。结果表明，虽然服务人员知道许多正式和非正式的支持，但许多支持的使用是有限的。此外，对许多支持的满意度和有效性的看法是中立的。讨论了这些结果的含义。
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引用次数: 3
Toward a culturally informed rehabilitation treatment model for American Indian/Alaska Native veterans. 为美国印第安人/阿拉斯加原住民退伍军人建立文化知情的康复治疗模式。
Journal of social work in disability & rehabilitation
Pub Date : 2015-01-01 Epub Date: 2015-07-07 DOI: 10.1080/1536710X.2015.1068255
Molly Tovar, David A Patterson Silver Wolf, Julia Stevenson

American Indians and Alaska Natives (AI/AN) have a long tradition of military service, allying with Western forces in North America since the 1700s. It is hardly surprising, therefore, that AI/AN veterans experience higher rates of overall disability and service-related disability than veterans of other races and ethnicities. It is not clear, however, that AI/AN veterans with disabilities are receiving effective, culturally informed rehabilitation services. This article examines the incidence of disability among contemporary AI/AN veterans, considers barriers to effective treatment, and points out model programs tailored to the particular needs of this population, with attention to the historical and cultural context of AI/AN military service.

美洲印第安人和阿拉斯加原住民(AI/AN)有悠久的服兵役传统，自18世纪以来就与北美的西方势力结盟。因此，与其他种族和族裔的退伍军人相比，AI/AN退伍军人的总体残疾率和与服务相关的残疾率更高，这并不奇怪。然而，目前尚不清楚伤残的AI/AN退伍军人是否正在接受有效的、了解文化的康复服务。本文研究了当代AI/AN退伍军人的残疾发生率，考虑了有效治疗的障碍，并指出了针对这一人群的特殊需求量身定制的模型方案，并关注AI/AN兵役的历史和文化背景。
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引用次数: 2
Are individuals with disabilities and their families "resilient"? Deconstructing and recasting a well-intended concept. 残疾人及其家庭是否具有“适应力”?解构和重铸一个意图良好的概念。
Journal of social work in disability & rehabilitation
Pub Date : 2015-01-01 Epub Date: 2015-02-06 DOI: 10.1080/1536710X.2015.989560
Emily J Hutcheon, Bonnie Lashewicz

This article contributes to existing scholarship related to resilience in families with members with disabilities by first using a disability studies orientation to "unbound" existing definitions of resilience, then by providing empirical illustration of this unbounding. Using family as our unit of analysis, we present data from 3 families who navigate successes and challenges related to disability. Three themes of honoring relationships, family member expertise, and standing in one's power emerged. We suggest that more nuanced understandings of resilience, which account for fluid, localized perspectives and encompass contradictory meanings and processes (e.g., stress and joy), have implications for policy and practice.

这篇文章通过首先使用残疾研究的方向来“解开”现有的弹性定义，然后通过提供这种解开的实证说明，为现有的与有残疾成员的家庭的弹性相关的奖学金做出了贡献。以家庭为分析单位，我们展示了三个家庭的数据，他们在与残疾有关的成功和挑战中取得了成功。三个主题:尊重关系、家庭成员的专业知识和个人权力的地位。我们认为，对复原力的更细致的理解(考虑到流动的、局部的观点，并包含相互矛盾的含义和过程(例如，压力和快乐))对政策和实践具有影响。
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引用次数: 8
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