Berufs-Dermatosen最新文献

Cross reactions are described between particular aromatic amines, between phenylenediamine ortho-, meta- and para-isomers and between aromatic amines and related substances. Moreover, the sensitization pattern and some sources of primary sensitivity to aromatic amines are discussed.

In individuals free from skin diseases, the resistance and the neutralisation to alkali, and the quantity of lipids at the surface of the skin, are constitltional factors; these idiotypically (genetically) controlled factors are subject to paratypical (environmental) variations. The frequency of a reduced alkali neutralisation and of sebostasis in case of neurodermitis atopica and of ichthyosis vulgaris is not dealt with in the literature, but it results from literature findings that a pathologic alkali resistance is a facultative feature in neurodermitis atopica, while it is an obligatory one in ichthyosis vulgaris. The difference seems to be conditioned genetically. In neurodermitis atopica, the genotype is in itself of no pathogenic importance since the disease is induced exclusively by exogenous and endogenous, non hereditary agents. In ichthyosis vulgaris, the reduced alkali resistance falls into the pleiotropic character of the disease.

In the present report the case of a toxic ulcerous contact dermatitis (cement burns) by pre-fabricated concrete is described. This can be clearly distinguished by anamnesis, findings and development from the allergic and cumulative-toxic contact dermatitis caused by cement and related substances. It is pointed out, that in the few cases of "cement burns" made known up to now, pre-fabricated concrete was always the triggering agent.

The concentrations of chromium, cobalt and nickel in 8 brands of Swedish cement, 19 detergents, 28 unused mould oils and 28 unused cutting fluids were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The total quantity of chromium in cement was 40-115 microgram Cr/g, whereas water-soluble chromium and chromate did not exceed 20 microgram Cr/g. The cobalt concentration was 5-16 microgram Co/g and the nickel concentration 5-59 microgram Ni/g. In detergents the nickel concentration was comparatively higher than that of chromium and cobalt. The highest value observed was 5.7 microgram Ni/g. In mould oils the concentrations were low, never exceeding 1 microgram/g. In cutting fluids the concentrations were low with the exeption of one product which contained 19.4 microgram Ni/g. The clinical implications of the results are discussed and it is pointed out that investigations of used cutting fluids can provide important information concerning possible allergy risks.

Based on official Dutch Government data a study was performed in order to define the relative importance of skin diseases in causing a short- or longlasting incapacity to work. At the same time it was investigated which skin diseases caused a longlasting incapacity during the years 1967--1974 in Groningen, one of the provinces of the Netherlands.

Acne and acneform changes are the most frequent occupational diseases in certain industries. As a rule, an oil acne occurs rather seldom in the cordage industry. However, in the factory at Rijeka, 85% of the occupational dermatoses were oil acnes. Mineral oil used in the treatment of hemp was the main etiologic factor. In the ill female workers of that cordage factory, the microclimate, the needle shaped hemp dust, greasy skin, bad working conditions and had hygiene played an important part.

213 women and 26 men out of 7835 persons examined in the course of 9 years (1967--1975) had a positive reaction to nickle sulfate. The frequency of the sensitization to nickel increased during this time, from 0.9 to 5.01%. 121 of the sensitized women were less than 30 years old. The first manifestations of that contact eczema due to metal ions appeared on the earlobes, the fingers in the ring-region, the hands, the wrists and the neck. In most of the men but only in 20 women (1 photograph, 19 metallists), a professional cause could be revealed, and an occupational disease was recognized. In the other women, a non-professional cause was found. No hair-dresser had been sensitized to nickel, by an occupational contact. The increase of the allergy ot nickel from 1967 to 1975 was mainly due to wearing costume-jewelry since the localisation of the contact eczemas ofter corresponded to the trend of fashion. Before demanding the recognition as an occupational disease in case of positive tests, the relevance of the latter to the occupation of the subject should be elucidated.

One hundred consecutive cases of occupational contact dermatitis diagnosed in Warsaw are discussed. In 79 subjects allergic and in 21 patients irritant occupational dermatitis was found. The most numerous group were workers employed with epoxy resins (20 persons), next came masons (14 subjects), and third medical staff members (12 persons). In 46 patients the standard series was sufficient for diagnosis of allergic occupational contact dermatitis, but in thirty three cases it was indispensable to test them with additional subsances.