Background: Data gathering and bioinformatics play a significant role in the management and treatment of patients, especially of critically ill patients. This study assesses the feasibility and design of a registration system for nosocomial infections and sepsis in the intensive care unit of Alzahra university hospital in Isfahan.
Methods: The members of the registration system consisting of physicians and nurses of the ICU, infectious disease and pulmonary specialists, microbiologists, infection control supervisors, and librarians. The data collection tool was a researcher-made checklist. To design the framework of the tool, researchers investigated various tools and indices in references and databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and national databases regarding ICU infection and disease registration systems. Essential items in this field were selected and a preliminary draft was prepared to record the data of patients with ICU-related infections. After applying experts' opinions, the checklist was reviewed, and the final approval of the checklist was obtained.
Results: The final version of the checklist is prepared in three parts consisting of demographic data, principle variables (data required for registration of a patient), and the extended variables including details of the principle variables, and the data used to diagnose and treat.
Conclusion: The ICU infection registration system can predict the prevalence of infection, monitor services and treatment of patients, analyze survival, assess clinical care outcomes, and investigate drug-related interventions. Reducing hospitalization costs by stratifying patients, providing a database for research studies, assessing the cost-effectiveness of interventions, are other advantages that resulted from the design of this system.
背景：数据收集和生物信息学在患者，尤其是重症患者的管理和治疗中发挥着重要作用。本研究评估了伊斯法罕市阿尔扎赫拉大学医院重症监护室院内感染和败血症登记系统的可行性和设计：登记系统的成员包括重症监护室的医生和护士、传染病和肺病专家、微生物学家、感染控制主管和图书管理员。数据收集工具是研究人员自制的核对表。为了设计该工具的框架，研究人员调查了参考文献和数据库（如 PubMed、Scopus、Web of Science 和有关 ICU 感染和疾病登记系统的国家数据库）中的各种工具和指数。筛选出该领域的基本项目，并编写了记录 ICU 相关感染患者数据的初稿。在征求专家意见后，对核对表进行了审核，并最终通过了核对表：最终版本的核对表由三部分组成，包括人口统计学数据、主要变量（患者登记所需的数据）、扩展变量（包括主要变量的详细信息）以及用于诊断和治疗的数据：重症监护室感染登记系统可以预测感染的发生率、监测患者的服务和治疗情况、分析存活率、评估临床护理效果以及研究与药物相关的干预措施。通过对患者进行分层、为研究提供数据库、评估干预措施的成本效益，从而降低住院费用，这些都是设计该系统的其他优势。
{"title":"Feasibility Study and Design of the ICU Infection Registry System for Patients Admitted to the Alzahra University Hospital in Isfahan: A Methodology Study.","authors":"Soodabeh Rostami, Setayesh Sindarreh, Amirhossein Akhavan Sigari, Marzieh Salimi Bani, Behjat Taheri, Saeed Abbasi","doi":"10.4103/abr.abr_267_22","DOIUrl":"10.4103/abr.abr_267_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Data gathering and bioinformatics play a significant role in the management and treatment of patients, especially of critically ill patients. This study assesses the feasibility and design of a registration system for nosocomial infections and sepsis in the intensive care unit of Alzahra university hospital in Isfahan.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The members of the registration system consisting of physicians and nurses of the ICU, infectious disease and pulmonary specialists, microbiologists, infection control supervisors, and librarians. The data collection tool was a researcher-made checklist. To design the framework of the tool, researchers investigated various tools and indices in references and databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and national databases regarding ICU infection and disease registration systems. Essential items in this field were selected and a preliminary draft was prepared to record the data of patients with ICU-related infections. After applying experts' opinions, the checklist was reviewed, and the final approval of the checklist was obtained.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The final version of the checklist is prepared in three parts consisting of demographic data, principle variables (data required for registration of a patient), and the extended variables including details of the principle variables, and the data used to diagnose and treat.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The ICU infection registration system can predict the prevalence of infection, monitor services and treatment of patients, analyze survival, assess clinical care outcomes, and investigate drug-related interventions. Reducing hospitalization costs by stratifying patients, providing a database for research studies, assessing the cost-effectiveness of interventions, are other advantages that resulted from the design of this system.</p>","PeriodicalId":88011,"journal":{"name":"Journal of groups in addiction & recovery","volume":"6 1","pages":"218"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10699215/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82068084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-29DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12050577
Maryam N Al-Nasser, Ian R Mellor, Wayne G Carter
L-glutamate (L-Glu) is a nonessential amino acid, but an extensively utilised excitatory neurotransmitter with critical roles in normal brain function. Aberrant accumulation of L-Glu has been linked to neurotoxicity and neurodegeneration. To investigate this further, we systematically reviewed the literature to evaluate the effects of L-Glu on neuronal viability linked to the pathogenesis and/or progression of neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). A search in PubMed, Medline, Embase, and Web of Science Core Collection was conducted to retrieve studies that investigated an association between L-Glu and pathology for five NDDs: Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and Huntington's disease (HD). Together, 4060 studies were identified, of which 71 met eligibility criteria. Despite several inadequacies, including small sample size, employment of supraphysiological concentrations, and a range of administration routes, it was concluded that exposure to L-Glu in vitro or in vivo has multiple pathogenic mechanisms that influence neuronal viability. These mechanisms include oxidative stress, reduced antioxidant defence, neuroinflammation, altered neurotransmitter levels, protein accumulations, excitotoxicity, mitochondrial dysfunction, intracellular calcium level changes, and effects on neuronal histology, cognitive function, and animal behaviour. This implies that clinical and epidemiological studies are required to assess the potential neuronal harm arising from excessive intake of exogenous L-Glu.
{"title":"Is L-Glutamate Toxic to Neurons and Thereby Contributes to Neuronal Loss and Neurodegeneration? A Systematic Review.","authors":"Maryam N Al-Nasser, Ian R Mellor, Wayne G Carter","doi":"10.3390/brainsci12050577","DOIUrl":"10.3390/brainsci12050577","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>L-glutamate (L-Glu) is a nonessential amino acid, but an extensively utilised excitatory neurotransmitter with critical roles in normal brain function. Aberrant accumulation of L-Glu has been linked to neurotoxicity and neurodegeneration. To investigate this further, we systematically reviewed the literature to evaluate the effects of L-Glu on neuronal viability linked to the pathogenesis and/or progression of neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). A search in PubMed, Medline, Embase, and Web of Science Core Collection was conducted to retrieve studies that investigated an association between L-Glu and pathology for five NDDs: Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and Huntington's disease (HD). Together, 4060 studies were identified, of which 71 met eligibility criteria. Despite several inadequacies, including small sample size, employment of supraphysiological concentrations, and a range of administration routes, it was concluded that exposure to L-Glu in vitro or in vivo has multiple pathogenic mechanisms that influence neuronal viability. These mechanisms include oxidative stress, reduced antioxidant defence, neuroinflammation, altered neurotransmitter levels, protein accumulations, excitotoxicity, mitochondrial dysfunction, intracellular calcium level changes, and effects on neuronal histology, cognitive function, and animal behaviour. This implies that clinical and epidemiological studies are required to assess the potential neuronal harm arising from excessive intake of exogenous L-Glu.</p>","PeriodicalId":88011,"journal":{"name":"Journal of groups in addiction & recovery","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2022-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9139234/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82062639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-02DOI: 10.1080/1556035X.2017.1397406
J. Roth
{"title":"The Window Opens","authors":"J. Roth","doi":"10.1080/1556035X.2017.1397406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1556035X.2017.1397406","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":88011,"journal":{"name":"Journal of groups in addiction & recovery","volume":"12 1","pages":"239 - 239"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1556035X.2017.1397406","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47098868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-02DOI: 10.1080/1556035X.2017.1337532
F. Jalali, S. Hashemi, A. Hasani, Niloofar Fakoor Sharghi
ABSTRACT This study's purpose is to determine the effectiveness of cognitive group therapy based on schema-focused approach on self-esteem and emotion regulation in drug-addicted prisoners under methadone maintenance treatment (MMT). The research population comprised addicted male prisoners under the MMT in Chenaran Prison. The experimental group received cognitive group therapy based on schema-focused approach, whereas the control group received no treatment. The instruments used for measurement in this research were the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory and the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. Results revealed that cognitive group therapy based on schema-focused approach increase self-esteem and regulate emotions in addicted prisoners who are under the MMT.
{"title":"The Effectiveness of Cognitive Group Therapy Based on Schema-Focused Approach on Self-Esteem and Emotion Regulation in Drug Addicted Prisoners Under the Methadone Maintenance Treatment (MMT)","authors":"F. Jalali, S. Hashemi, A. Hasani, Niloofar Fakoor Sharghi","doi":"10.1080/1556035X.2017.1337532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1556035X.2017.1337532","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study's purpose is to determine the effectiveness of cognitive group therapy based on schema-focused approach on self-esteem and emotion regulation in drug-addicted prisoners under methadone maintenance treatment (MMT). The research population comprised addicted male prisoners under the MMT in Chenaran Prison. The experimental group received cognitive group therapy based on schema-focused approach, whereas the control group received no treatment. The instruments used for measurement in this research were the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory and the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. Results revealed that cognitive group therapy based on schema-focused approach increase self-esteem and regulate emotions in addicted prisoners who are under the MMT.","PeriodicalId":88011,"journal":{"name":"Journal of groups in addiction & recovery","volume":"12 1","pages":"284 - 295"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1556035X.2017.1337532","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49662160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-02DOI: 10.1080/1556035X.2017.1337531
Allyson Kelley, Dyani Bingham, E. Brown, Lita Pepion
ABSTRACT Peer Recovery Support (PRS) is emerging as a key intervention for communities and individuals as they address high rates of substance abuse and limited recovery resources. American Indian populations were among the first people to use concepts of PRS through abstinence-based revitalization movements and ceremonies. The present study examined the impact of PRS on substance use, emotional and psychological problems, and social connections among urban and reservation American Indian peers involved in a 3-year PRS program. A total of 224 individuals, 110 male and 114 female completed baseline GPRA. Of these, 65 peers completed baseline and 6-month follow-up GPRAs. Involvement in PRS decreased substance use significantly among peers. Peer attendance at voluntary self-help groups and support from family and friends increased as a result of PRS.
{"title":"Assessing the Impact of American Indian Peer Recovery Support on Substance Use and Health","authors":"Allyson Kelley, Dyani Bingham, E. Brown, Lita Pepion","doi":"10.1080/1556035X.2017.1337531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1556035X.2017.1337531","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Peer Recovery Support (PRS) is emerging as a key intervention for communities and individuals as they address high rates of substance abuse and limited recovery resources. American Indian populations were among the first people to use concepts of PRS through abstinence-based revitalization movements and ceremonies. The present study examined the impact of PRS on substance use, emotional and psychological problems, and social connections among urban and reservation American Indian peers involved in a 3-year PRS program. A total of 224 individuals, 110 male and 114 female completed baseline GPRA. Of these, 65 peers completed baseline and 6-month follow-up GPRAs. Involvement in PRS decreased substance use significantly among peers. Peer attendance at voluntary self-help groups and support from family and friends increased as a result of PRS.","PeriodicalId":88011,"journal":{"name":"Journal of groups in addiction & recovery","volume":"12 1","pages":"296 - 308"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1556035X.2017.1337531","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48690354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-02DOI: 10.1080/1556035X.2017.1313148
L. Pavia, C. Tosto, A. Cinquegrana, Ernesto Scioti, Tiziana Bussola, Paola Cavani
ABSTRACT Cocaine disorder has been shown to have an important impact on the success of treatments because it is often associated with social or occupational impairment, high relapse incidences and poor treatment outcomes. Many community group treatment programs for cocaine disorders use a rolling admissions structure, in which a group member who drops out or successfully completes therapy is replaced by another individual. Despite the common use, little is known about the effectiveness of this group. The study involved 18 patients who started a group therapy for cocaine abuse disorder. Outpatients group therapy take place into Clinical Center of Cocaine Addicts in Brescia, Italy. The measures used are DAST-20, OQ-45, GMLCS. The analysis conducted by the Multilevel Models show improvements compared to the symptom that is reliable with respect to psychological functioning. Patients who remain in treatment longer experience a greater quality of relationships within the group.
{"title":"Rolling Psychodynamic Group for Cocaine Use Disorder: A Single-Group Study Using Multilevel Models","authors":"L. Pavia, C. Tosto, A. Cinquegrana, Ernesto Scioti, Tiziana Bussola, Paola Cavani","doi":"10.1080/1556035X.2017.1313148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1556035X.2017.1313148","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Cocaine disorder has been shown to have an important impact on the success of treatments because it is often associated with social or occupational impairment, high relapse incidences and poor treatment outcomes. Many community group treatment programs for cocaine disorders use a rolling admissions structure, in which a group member who drops out or successfully completes therapy is replaced by another individual. Despite the common use, little is known about the effectiveness of this group. The study involved 18 patients who started a group therapy for cocaine abuse disorder. Outpatients group therapy take place into Clinical Center of Cocaine Addicts in Brescia, Italy. The measures used are DAST-20, OQ-45, GMLCS. The analysis conducted by the Multilevel Models show improvements compared to the symptom that is reliable with respect to psychological functioning. Patients who remain in treatment longer experience a greater quality of relationships within the group.","PeriodicalId":88011,"journal":{"name":"Journal of groups in addiction & recovery","volume":"12 1","pages":"309 - 327"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1556035X.2017.1313148","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45631401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-02DOI: 10.1080/1556035x.2017.1406720
{"title":"EOV editorial board page","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/1556035x.2017.1406720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1556035x.2017.1406720","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":88011,"journal":{"name":"Journal of groups in addiction & recovery","volume":"12 1","pages":"ebi - ebi"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1556035x.2017.1406720","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47900209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-02DOI: 10.1080/1556035X.2017.1348281
Sterling T. Shumway, Sarah Schonian, Spencer D. Bradshaw, Nicholas D. Hayes
ABSTRACT This article presents a revised curriculum for a family program developed for family members who are participating in a family program at a residential treatment for addiction. The article consists of a comprehensive overview of the modules developed for the program, inclusive of multifamily groups, psychoeducational components, and other family therapy modalities. In addition, preliminary results are presented demonstrating the positive effects of the program, while simultaneously building a foundation for the development and necessity of family member recovery.
{"title":"A Revised Multifamily Group Curriculum: The Need for Family Member Recovery from Addiction","authors":"Sterling T. Shumway, Sarah Schonian, Spencer D. Bradshaw, Nicholas D. Hayes","doi":"10.1080/1556035X.2017.1348281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1556035X.2017.1348281","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article presents a revised curriculum for a family program developed for family members who are participating in a family program at a residential treatment for addiction. The article consists of a comprehensive overview of the modules developed for the program, inclusive of multifamily groups, psychoeducational components, and other family therapy modalities. In addition, preliminary results are presented demonstrating the positive effects of the program, while simultaneously building a foundation for the development and necessity of family member recovery.","PeriodicalId":88011,"journal":{"name":"Journal of groups in addiction & recovery","volume":"12 1","pages":"260 - 283"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1556035X.2017.1348281","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44191414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-02DOI: 10.1080/1556035X.2017.1397407
L. B. Young
{"title":"Progress: Things are Good and Getting Better","authors":"L. B. Young","doi":"10.1080/1556035X.2017.1397407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1556035X.2017.1397407","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":88011,"journal":{"name":"Journal of groups in addiction & recovery","volume":"12 1","pages":"240 - 242"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1556035X.2017.1397407","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47188173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-23DOI: 10.1080/1556035X.2017.1331598
W. Vanderplasschen, Rowdy Yates, M. Miovský
Therapeutic communities (TCs) are well-known as a treatment modality and can be found in a variety of populations and settings, including addicts, as well as children and young people, individuals with personality disorders and learning disabilities, prisons and hospitals (see Boyling, 2009; De Leon, 2000; Kennard, 1998; Vanderplasschen, Vandevelde, & Broekaert, 2014). The term therapeutic community was first used by the British psychiatrist TomMain (1946), who was involved in the so-called Northfield Experiments (see Vanderplasschen, Vandevelde, De Ruysscher, Vandevelde, & Broekaert, 2017), where soldiers suffering from shell shock and war neuroses after the Second World War were treated by using group processes therapeutically (Harrison & Clarck, 1992). From that time forwards, the term therapeutic community has been linked to a range of treatment traditions and approaches that essentially share the “idea of using all the relationships and activities of a residential psychiatric centre to aid the therapeutic task” (Bridger, 1985, p. 60). One of these traditions is commonly referred to as drug-free or hierarchical TCs, also called concept(-based) TCs or TCs for addictions (Vanderplasschen et al., 2014). These TCs were developed in the 1960s as intensive inpatient-type programs to get people off drugs and to provide a complete break from their past lifestyle. Numerous residential programs for addicts have been modelled after this original concept and also drug-free TCs themselves have evolved and beenmodified to address the needs of specific groups, such as adolescents, mothers with young children, incarcerated substance abusers, or persons with co-occurring mental disorders. Community as method has been identified as the core and common mechanism across TCs (De Leon, 1997). It has been described as “teaching individuals to use the context of community life to learn about themselves” (De Leon, 2000, p. 93) and refers to peer and staff relationships, social roles, the social structure, group process and daily activities. Two years ago we agreed to prepare a special issue of the Journal of Groups in Addiction and Recovery (JGAR) on TCs. This decision was inspired by a series of
{"title":"Bridging the Gap Between Research and Practice in Therapeutic Communities (TCs) for Addictions","authors":"W. Vanderplasschen, Rowdy Yates, M. Miovský","doi":"10.1080/1556035X.2017.1331598","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1556035X.2017.1331598","url":null,"abstract":"Therapeutic communities (TCs) are well-known as a treatment modality and can be found in a variety of populations and settings, including addicts, as well as children and young people, individuals with personality disorders and learning disabilities, prisons and hospitals (see Boyling, 2009; De Leon, 2000; Kennard, 1998; Vanderplasschen, Vandevelde, & Broekaert, 2014). The term therapeutic community was first used by the British psychiatrist TomMain (1946), who was involved in the so-called Northfield Experiments (see Vanderplasschen, Vandevelde, De Ruysscher, Vandevelde, & Broekaert, 2017), where soldiers suffering from shell shock and war neuroses after the Second World War were treated by using group processes therapeutically (Harrison & Clarck, 1992). From that time forwards, the term therapeutic community has been linked to a range of treatment traditions and approaches that essentially share the “idea of using all the relationships and activities of a residential psychiatric centre to aid the therapeutic task” (Bridger, 1985, p. 60). One of these traditions is commonly referred to as drug-free or hierarchical TCs, also called concept(-based) TCs or TCs for addictions (Vanderplasschen et al., 2014). These TCs were developed in the 1960s as intensive inpatient-type programs to get people off drugs and to provide a complete break from their past lifestyle. Numerous residential programs for addicts have been modelled after this original concept and also drug-free TCs themselves have evolved and beenmodified to address the needs of specific groups, such as adolescents, mothers with young children, incarcerated substance abusers, or persons with co-occurring mental disorders. Community as method has been identified as the core and common mechanism across TCs (De Leon, 1997). It has been described as “teaching individuals to use the context of community life to learn about themselves” (De Leon, 2000, p. 93) and refers to peer and staff relationships, social roles, the social structure, group process and daily activities. Two years ago we agreed to prepare a special issue of the Journal of Groups in Addiction and Recovery (JGAR) on TCs. This decision was inspired by a series of","PeriodicalId":88011,"journal":{"name":"Journal of groups in addiction & recovery","volume":"12 1","pages":"63 - 67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1556035X.2017.1331598","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46139101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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