Pub Date : 2012-05-18DOI: 10.3109/1651386X.2012.685222
M. Capovilla
Deep biochemical and cellular similarities exist between Drosophila and vertebrates in the development and function of all organs. Despite their morphological differences, it is considered ever more likely that the hearing sensory cells have a common evolutionary origin and that consequently the molecular mechanisms that govern their functions are at least partially conserved. Thanks to transgenesis techniques and to the rich collection of mutant stocks well characterized from genetic, molecular and physiological points of view, Drosophila provides the means to test in vivo vertebrate gene functions in known metabolic and cellular pathways. In addition, the search for sequence homologies between human and Drosophila genes has allowed the identification of many disease genes in the human auditory system. These results indicate that Drosophila is a good model for the study of the genes that cause deafness in humans, and offers the possibility of using the numerous and sophisticated genetic tools of the insect to decipher how mechanical signals are elaborated by the auditory system. In this review, contributions to biomedical research from studies on Drosophila mutants are briefly summarized following a concise account on the fruitfly life cycle, tools and available resources. Particular attention is paid to studies on the genetic control of hearing mechanisms in the insect. The acquired knowledge will help confront some vertebrate hearing diseases on a molecular basis.
{"title":"The sound and the fly: Drosophila in biomedical research on human hearing","authors":"M. Capovilla","doi":"10.3109/1651386X.2012.685222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/1651386X.2012.685222","url":null,"abstract":"Deep biochemical and cellular similarities exist between Drosophila and vertebrates in the development and function of all organs. Despite their morphological differences, it is considered ever more likely that the hearing sensory cells have a common evolutionary origin and that consequently the molecular mechanisms that govern their functions are at least partially conserved. Thanks to transgenesis techniques and to the rich collection of mutant stocks well characterized from genetic, molecular and physiological points of view, Drosophila provides the means to test in vivo vertebrate gene functions in known metabolic and cellular pathways. In addition, the search for sequence homologies between human and Drosophila genes has allowed the identification of many disease genes in the human auditory system. These results indicate that Drosophila is a good model for the study of the genes that cause deafness in humans, and offers the possibility of using the numerous and sophisticated genetic tools of the insect to decipher how mechanical signals are elaborated by the auditory system. In this review, contributions to biomedical research from studies on Drosophila mutants are briefly summarized following a concise account on the fruitfly life cycle, tools and available resources. Particular attention is paid to studies on the genetic control of hearing mechanisms in the insect. The acquired knowledge will help confront some vertebrate hearing diseases on a molecular basis.","PeriodicalId":88223,"journal":{"name":"Audiological medicine","volume":"7 1","pages":"64 - 70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79749840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-05-18DOI: 10.3109/1651386X.2012.684497
Natasha Phillips, Amr El Refaie
Objective: To investigate relevant long-term studies which assess the use of 1Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in participants with chronic tinnitus and so determine its benefits as a possible treatment option. Study design: A systematic review was developed to conclude the research question. The inclusion involved double-blind randomized sham-controlled clinical trials conducted over six months using 1Hz rTMS. The search strategy included the use of databases such as Pubmed, Cochrane Library, OVID Medline, CINAHL, Google Scholar, University of Bristol MetaLib and the University of Bristol library catalogue. Results: Three suitable studies were obtained and fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The results indicated that rTMS appears to have a beneficial psychological and physiological long-term effect spanning six months, although a correlation between a particular participant trait and overall success has not been found due to high inter-subject variability. Conclusion: Despite the possible benefits of rTMS with chronic tinnitus, further research is still required to fully determine the long-term benefits of rTMS after six months and potentially standardize rTMS into an evidence-based tinnitus management tool.
目的:调查相关的长期研究，评估1Hz重复经颅磁刺激(rTMS)在慢性耳鸣患者中的应用，从而确定其作为一种可能的治疗选择的益处。研究设计:采用系统综述来总结研究问题。纳入包括使用1Hz rTMS进行的为期6个月的双盲随机假对照临床试验。搜索策略包括使用Pubmed、Cochrane Library、OVID Medline、CINAHL、Google Scholar、University of Bristol MetaLib和University of Bristol图书馆目录等数据库。结果:获得3项合适的研究，均符合纳入标准。结果表明，rTMS似乎具有持续6个月的有益心理和生理长期影响，尽管由于受试者之间的高度差异，尚未发现特定参与者特征与总体成功之间的相关性。结论:尽管rTMS对慢性耳鸣可能有益处，但仍需要进一步的研究来充分确定rTMS在6个月后的长期益处，并有可能将rTMS标准化为循证耳鸣管理工具。
{"title":"What is the evidence that 1Hz rTMS positively affects chronic tinnitus?","authors":"Natasha Phillips, Amr El Refaie","doi":"10.3109/1651386X.2012.684497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/1651386X.2012.684497","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To investigate relevant long-term studies which assess the use of 1Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in participants with chronic tinnitus and so determine its benefits as a possible treatment option. Study design: A systematic review was developed to conclude the research question. The inclusion involved double-blind randomized sham-controlled clinical trials conducted over six months using 1Hz rTMS. The search strategy included the use of databases such as Pubmed, Cochrane Library, OVID Medline, CINAHL, Google Scholar, University of Bristol MetaLib and the University of Bristol library catalogue. Results: Three suitable studies were obtained and fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The results indicated that rTMS appears to have a beneficial psychological and physiological long-term effect spanning six months, although a correlation between a particular participant trait and overall success has not been found due to high inter-subject variability. Conclusion: Despite the possible benefits of rTMS with chronic tinnitus, further research is still required to fully determine the long-term benefits of rTMS after six months and potentially standardize rTMS into an evidence-based tinnitus management tool.","PeriodicalId":88223,"journal":{"name":"Audiological medicine","volume":"46 1","pages":"76 - 82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87039337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-02-10DOI: 10.3109/1651386X.2012.657776
V. Avilala, Dhanya Mohan, A. Barman
Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of spontaneous otoacoustic emissions (SOAEs) in individuals with auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder (ANSD), and to examine the spectral distribution of the SOAE responses recorded compared with normal hearing individuals. Study design: SOAEs were recorded from 30 individuals with normal hearing and 30 individuals diagnosed as having auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder (ANSD). The recorded responses were analysed to determine the prevalence and spectral distribution of the SOAE responses from both the groups. Results and discussion: The prevalence of SOAEs in individuals with ANSD was higher than for normal hearing individuals; however, the difference was not statistically significant. Individuals with ANSD also exhibited a greater number multiple SOAEs than their normal counterparts, which is statistically significant. The SOAEs recorded from individuals with ANSD were mostly located in the lower frequency region, i.e. below 1500 Hz. On the other hand, many of the normal hearing individuals exhibited SOAEs more at higher frequencies, i.e. above 1500 Hz. Conclusion: The findings of the present study suggest that individuals with ANSD exhibit subtle abnormalities in the cochlea or medial olivocochlear system (MOCS).
{"title":"Spontaneous otoacoustic emissions in individuals with auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder","authors":"V. Avilala, Dhanya Mohan, A. Barman","doi":"10.3109/1651386X.2012.657776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/1651386X.2012.657776","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of spontaneous otoacoustic emissions (SOAEs) in individuals with auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder (ANSD), and to examine the spectral distribution of the SOAE responses recorded compared with normal hearing individuals. Study design: SOAEs were recorded from 30 individuals with normal hearing and 30 individuals diagnosed as having auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder (ANSD). The recorded responses were analysed to determine the prevalence and spectral distribution of the SOAE responses from both the groups. Results and discussion: The prevalence of SOAEs in individuals with ANSD was higher than for normal hearing individuals; however, the difference was not statistically significant. Individuals with ANSD also exhibited a greater number multiple SOAEs than their normal counterparts, which is statistically significant. The SOAEs recorded from individuals with ANSD were mostly located in the lower frequency region, i.e. below 1500 Hz. On the other hand, many of the normal hearing individuals exhibited SOAEs more at higher frequencies, i.e. above 1500 Hz. Conclusion: The findings of the present study suggest that individuals with ANSD exhibit subtle abnormalities in the cochlea or medial olivocochlear system (MOCS).","PeriodicalId":88223,"journal":{"name":"Audiological medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":"50 - 54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85519502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-02-10DOI: 10.3109/1651386X.2012.655914
Vinaya Manchaiah, D. Stephens, F. Zhao, S. Kramer
Objective: Hearing impairment is known to have various effects upon both the person with hearing impairment (PHI) and their communication partners (CPs). In addition, CPs are reported to play an important role in making the decision to seek a consultation and the acceptance of intervention by the PHI. The overall aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive overview of the role of the CP in the audiological enablement/rehabilitation of the PHI keeping clinical practice in focus. Method: A literature review was conducted using a number of resources including electronic databases, books and websites. Results: An overview of the literature was presented in the following sections: 1) Factors influencing the audiological enablement/rehabilitation of the PHI; 2) Effect of the PHI's hearing impairment on their CPs; 3) CPs’ influence on their PHI's audiological enablement/rehabilitation; 4) Positive experiences reported by CPs of the PHI; 5) Models to represent CPs within the social network context of the PHI; and 6) CP involvement in the audiological enablement/rehabilitation. This paper also identifies gaps in the literature and provides recommendations for further research. Conclusion: It is clear that involvement of the CP in the audiological enablement/rehabilitation can result in mutual advantages for both the PHI and their CPs.
{"title":"The role of communication partners in the audiological enablement/rehabilitation of a person with hearing impairment: an overview","authors":"Vinaya Manchaiah, D. Stephens, F. Zhao, S. Kramer","doi":"10.3109/1651386X.2012.655914","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/1651386X.2012.655914","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Hearing impairment is known to have various effects upon both the person with hearing impairment (PHI) and their communication partners (CPs). In addition, CPs are reported to play an important role in making the decision to seek a consultation and the acceptance of intervention by the PHI. The overall aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive overview of the role of the CP in the audiological enablement/rehabilitation of the PHI keeping clinical practice in focus. Method: A literature review was conducted using a number of resources including electronic databases, books and websites. Results: An overview of the literature was presented in the following sections: 1) Factors influencing the audiological enablement/rehabilitation of the PHI; 2) Effect of the PHI's hearing impairment on their CPs; 3) CPs’ influence on their PHI's audiological enablement/rehabilitation; 4) Positive experiences reported by CPs of the PHI; 5) Models to represent CPs within the social network context of the PHI; and 6) CP involvement in the audiological enablement/rehabilitation. This paper also identifies gaps in the literature and provides recommendations for further research. Conclusion: It is clear that involvement of the CP in the audiological enablement/rehabilitation can result in mutual advantages for both the PHI and their CPs.","PeriodicalId":88223,"journal":{"name":"Audiological medicine","volume":"282 1","pages":"21 - 30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76816379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-02-10DOI: 10.3109/1651386X.2012.658652
M. Bortolozzi, F. Mammano
Abstract Objective: Connexins are transmembrane proteins that form intercellular junctional channels in vertebrates and are known or suspected to be involved in a wide variety of biological processes including cardiac development and function, hearing, haematopoesis, regeneration, lens transparency, fertility, immune system function and protection from oxidative stress. Connexin mutations can cause developmental and physiological defects, and link to various diseases. In particular, defective permeation of cAMP or inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3) through connexin channels is associated with peripheral neuropathies and deafness, respectively. Here we present a method to estimate the permeability of single-gap junction channels to second messengers. Study design: Using HeLa cells that overexpressed wild-type human connexin 26 (HCx26wt) as a model system, we combined measurements of junctional conductance and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) emission ratio of biosensors selective for cAMP and InsP3. Results: The unitary permeabilities to cAMP (47 ± 15 × 10–3 μm3/s) and InsP3 (60 ± 12 × 10–3 μm3/s) were similar, but substantially larger than the unitary permeability to Lucifer Yellow (LY; 7 ± 3 × 10–3 μm3/s), an exogenous tracer. Conclusion: This method permits quantification of defects of metabolic coupling and can be used to investigate interdependence of intercellular diffusion and cross-talk between diverse signalling pathways.
{"title":"A biophysical approach to the study of structure and function of connexin channel nanopores","authors":"M. Bortolozzi, F. Mammano","doi":"10.3109/1651386X.2012.658652","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/1651386X.2012.658652","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objective: Connexins are transmembrane proteins that form intercellular junctional channels in vertebrates and are known or suspected to be involved in a wide variety of biological processes including cardiac development and function, hearing, haematopoesis, regeneration, lens transparency, fertility, immune system function and protection from oxidative stress. Connexin mutations can cause developmental and physiological defects, and link to various diseases. In particular, defective permeation of cAMP or inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3) through connexin channels is associated with peripheral neuropathies and deafness, respectively. Here we present a method to estimate the permeability of single-gap junction channels to second messengers. Study design: Using HeLa cells that overexpressed wild-type human connexin 26 (HCx26wt) as a model system, we combined measurements of junctional conductance and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) emission ratio of biosensors selective for cAMP and InsP3. Results: The unitary permeabilities to cAMP (47 ± 15 × 10–3 μm3/s) and InsP3 (60 ± 12 × 10–3 μm3/s) were similar, but substantially larger than the unitary permeability to Lucifer Yellow (LY; 7 ± 3 × 10–3 μm3/s), an exogenous tracer. Conclusion: This method permits quantification of defects of metabolic coupling and can be used to investigate interdependence of intercellular diffusion and cross-talk between diverse signalling pathways.","PeriodicalId":88223,"journal":{"name":"Audiological medicine","volume":"5 1","pages":"31 - 39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74374549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-02-10DOI: 10.3109/1651386X.2012.657777
Enrique Perez, Dana R. Libman, T. R. Van De Water
This review of local drug delivery for inner ear therapy covers the topics of: noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL); vibration-induced hearing loss (VHL); cisplatin ototoxicity; aminoglycoside ototoxicity; and mechanical trauma-induced hearing loss that can occur during the process of cochlear implantation. The cellular, biochemical and molecular mechanisms involved in the causation of the hearing losses that result from exposure to these diverse traumas to the cochlea and its auditory sensory epithelium are explored as well as the efficacy of different drug therapies in their ability to either prevent or lessen the damage to the cochlear sensory epithelium and ameliorate the level of hearing loss. This review concludes with a section that explores future strategies for unique methods of drug delivery to the cochlea (e.g. biorelease from hydrogels via the round window membrane) and the development of novel inner ear therapies (e.g. short interfering ribonucleic acids, siRNAs) to conserve hearing against trauma associated losses and/or to restore hearing (e.g. stem cell therapy) following trauma-initiated losses of hair cells and hearing.
{"title":"Local drug delivery for inner ear therapy","authors":"Enrique Perez, Dana R. Libman, T. R. Van De Water","doi":"10.3109/1651386X.2012.657777","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/1651386X.2012.657777","url":null,"abstract":"This review of local drug delivery for inner ear therapy covers the topics of: noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL); vibration-induced hearing loss (VHL); cisplatin ototoxicity; aminoglycoside ototoxicity; and mechanical trauma-induced hearing loss that can occur during the process of cochlear implantation. The cellular, biochemical and molecular mechanisms involved in the causation of the hearing losses that result from exposure to these diverse traumas to the cochlea and its auditory sensory epithelium are explored as well as the efficacy of different drug therapies in their ability to either prevent or lessen the damage to the cochlear sensory epithelium and ameliorate the level of hearing loss. This review concludes with a section that explores future strategies for unique methods of drug delivery to the cochlea (e.g. biorelease from hydrogels via the round window membrane) and the development of novel inner ear therapies (e.g. short interfering ribonucleic acids, siRNAs) to conserve hearing against trauma associated losses and/or to restore hearing (e.g. stem cell therapy) following trauma-initiated losses of hair cells and hearing.","PeriodicalId":88223,"journal":{"name":"Audiological medicine","volume":"6 1","pages":"1 - 20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89048459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-02-10DOI: 10.3109/1651386X.2012.657339
M. Shabana, A. Shalaby, A. Dabbous, Abir Abd-El-Meneim Emara
Objective: Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) results in reduced sensitivity, abnormal growth of loudness, reduced frequency selectivity and reduced temporal resolution (1). Our aim was to study frequency discrimination abilities in children with SNHL using the psychophysical Pitch Pattern Sequence Test (PPST) and an electrophysiological measure, the Mismatch Negativity Test (MMN). Methods: This is a cross-sectional study that included 90 children, ages ranging from 6 - 12 years, divided into a study group of 60 children with mild to moderate SNHL and a control group of 30 normal hearing children. Both groups were subdivided into 3 subgroups according to age. Results: Subgroups of children with SNHL showed statistically significant poorer scores on the PPST than their well-matched controls. Although MMN can be elicited in children with mild to moderate degree of SNHL, its latency was prolonged. The older control subgroups did not show any statistically significant better scores on the PPST; MMN latencies were longer with increased duration of hearing loss. Degree of hearing loss, gender and side had no effect on PPST or MMN. There was no statistically significant correlation between the results of the PPST and MMN. Conclusion: SNHL affects frequency discrimination abilities demonstrated in poor scores on the PPST and prolonged MMN latency.
{"title":"Does reduced frequency selectivity in children with mild to moderate sensorineural hearing loss affect frequency discrimination in Mismatch Negativity and Pitch Pattern Sequence Tests?","authors":"M. Shabana, A. Shalaby, A. Dabbous, Abir Abd-El-Meneim Emara","doi":"10.3109/1651386X.2012.657339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/1651386X.2012.657339","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) results in reduced sensitivity, abnormal growth of loudness, reduced frequency selectivity and reduced temporal resolution (1). Our aim was to study frequency discrimination abilities in children with SNHL using the psychophysical Pitch Pattern Sequence Test (PPST) and an electrophysiological measure, the Mismatch Negativity Test (MMN). Methods: This is a cross-sectional study that included 90 children, ages ranging from 6 - 12 years, divided into a study group of 60 children with mild to moderate SNHL and a control group of 30 normal hearing children. Both groups were subdivided into 3 subgroups according to age. Results: Subgroups of children with SNHL showed statistically significant poorer scores on the PPST than their well-matched controls. Although MMN can be elicited in children with mild to moderate degree of SNHL, its latency was prolonged. The older control subgroups did not show any statistically significant better scores on the PPST; MMN latencies were longer with increased duration of hearing loss. Degree of hearing loss, gender and side had no effect on PPST or MMN. There was no statistically significant correlation between the results of the PPST and MMN. Conclusion: SNHL affects frequency discrimination abilities demonstrated in poor scores on the PPST and prolonged MMN latency.","PeriodicalId":88223,"journal":{"name":"Audiological medicine","volume":"4 1","pages":"40 - 49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74342778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-11-14DOI: 10.3109/1651386X.2011.625673
M. Shabana, A. Shalaby, A. Dabbous, Abir Abd-El-Meneim Emara
Abstract Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the ability of hearing aid (HA) experience to improve central auditory skills by making use of auditory plasticity. The aim would be achieved through studying the unaided auditory perception of a time compressed sentence test (TCST), patterning tests (pitch pattern test (PPT), duration pattern test (DPT)), and an auditory fusion test (AFT) in children with and without previous hearing aid usage. Study design: This was a cross-sectional study that included a study group of 19 children with mild to moderate sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) having HA experience. Their ages ranged from six to 12 years and were compared to a control group of 27 well-matched children without previous hearing aid experience. Results: The children with SNHL having HA experience showed better scores than their controls in the psycho-physical tests, but this was statistically significant only on the PPT and the AFT at 500 Hz; at 4000Hz. The results were not significant for the DPT or TCST. PPT in both ears improved significantly with increased age of the children having HA experience; TCST at 60% in both ears and AFT at 4 kHz improved significantly with increased duration of HA use. AFT at 4 kHz improved significantly by early onset of HA use. Conclusion: HA experience results in improvement of un-aided auditory perception on some psycho-physical tests for children with mild to moderate SNHL, which emphasizes the need for early and regular use of amplification.
{"title":"Does hearing aid experience alter un-aided auditory perception?","authors":"M. Shabana, A. Shalaby, A. Dabbous, Abir Abd-El-Meneim Emara","doi":"10.3109/1651386X.2011.625673","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/1651386X.2011.625673","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the ability of hearing aid (HA) experience to improve central auditory skills by making use of auditory plasticity. The aim would be achieved through studying the unaided auditory perception of a time compressed sentence test (TCST), patterning tests (pitch pattern test (PPT), duration pattern test (DPT)), and an auditory fusion test (AFT) in children with and without previous hearing aid usage. Study design: This was a cross-sectional study that included a study group of 19 children with mild to moderate sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) having HA experience. Their ages ranged from six to 12 years and were compared to a control group of 27 well-matched children without previous hearing aid experience. Results: The children with SNHL having HA experience showed better scores than their controls in the psycho-physical tests, but this was statistically significant only on the PPT and the AFT at 500 Hz; at 4000Hz. The results were not significant for the DPT or TCST. PPT in both ears improved significantly with increased age of the children having HA experience; TCST at 60% in both ears and AFT at 4 kHz improved significantly with increased duration of HA use. AFT at 4 kHz improved significantly by early onset of HA use. Conclusion: HA experience results in improvement of un-aided auditory perception on some psycho-physical tests for children with mild to moderate SNHL, which emphasizes the need for early and regular use of amplification.","PeriodicalId":88223,"journal":{"name":"Audiological medicine","volume":"24 1","pages":"147 - 155"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74780070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-11-14DOI: 10.3109/1651386X.2011.616282
G. Girotto, N. Pirastu, A. Gasparini, P. D'Adamo, P. Gasparini
Abstract Objective: Hearing loss (HL) affects millions of people worldwide. While epidemiological data from Western countries are already available, this information is still lacking for many developing countries and rural communities. Here we report, for the first time, a study on the frequency of HL in a series of rural communities located along the Silk Road. Study design: Four hundred and ninety-six subjects (236 males and 260 females ranging from eight to 84 years of age) selected in non-random, convenience samples from rural communities belonging to Terra Madre Organization have been enrolled: 228 from Georgia and Azerbaijan (Caucasus region), 151 from Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan (Central Asia), and 117 from Pair (Tajikistan). Subjects underwent pure-tone audiometry at 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 kHz; pure-tone average (PTA) values were determined. Results: The overall HL frequency, ranging from 9% to 18%, in the investigated communities located along the Silk Road is higher than that reported for WHO European region countries but comparable with that reported for WHO South-East Asian region countries and other developing countries. Interestingly, with regard to the impact of age, two different disease behaviours have been identified in all the tested communities – one for males and the other for females. In females HL starts at all PTAs between 30 and 40 years of age. In contrast, in males age starts to affect hearing at high frequencies in young adulthood (20–25 years old), but later (50–60 years old) at low and medium frequencies. Conclusion: Despite the difficulty in reaching rural communities, mainly located in remote places, and the need to perform further studies using a larger sample size, recent data provide new information and will contribute to a better definition of HL worldwide frequency.
{"title":"Frequency of hearing loss in a series of rural communities of five developing countries located along the Silk Road","authors":"G. Girotto, N. Pirastu, A. Gasparini, P. D'Adamo, P. Gasparini","doi":"10.3109/1651386X.2011.616282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/1651386X.2011.616282","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objective: Hearing loss (HL) affects millions of people worldwide. While epidemiological data from Western countries are already available, this information is still lacking for many developing countries and rural communities. Here we report, for the first time, a study on the frequency of HL in a series of rural communities located along the Silk Road. Study design: Four hundred and ninety-six subjects (236 males and 260 females ranging from eight to 84 years of age) selected in non-random, convenience samples from rural communities belonging to Terra Madre Organization have been enrolled: 228 from Georgia and Azerbaijan (Caucasus region), 151 from Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan (Central Asia), and 117 from Pair (Tajikistan). Subjects underwent pure-tone audiometry at 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 kHz; pure-tone average (PTA) values were determined. Results: The overall HL frequency, ranging from 9% to 18%, in the investigated communities located along the Silk Road is higher than that reported for WHO European region countries but comparable with that reported for WHO South-East Asian region countries and other developing countries. Interestingly, with regard to the impact of age, two different disease behaviours have been identified in all the tested communities – one for males and the other for females. In females HL starts at all PTAs between 30 and 40 years of age. In contrast, in males age starts to affect hearing at high frequencies in young adulthood (20–25 years old), but later (50–60 years old) at low and medium frequencies. Conclusion: Despite the difficulty in reaching rural communities, mainly located in remote places, and the need to perform further studies using a larger sample size, recent data provide new information and will contribute to a better definition of HL worldwide frequency.","PeriodicalId":88223,"journal":{"name":"Audiological medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":"135 - 140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78727246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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