Audiological medicine最新文献

{"title":"Communication and its disorders: Definition and taxonomy from a phoniatric perspective","authors":"A. Schindler, G. Ruoppolo, Umberto Barillari","doi":"10.3109/1651386X.2010.530023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/1651386X.2010.530023","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objective: The aim of the paper is to describe communication sciences and disorders from a phoniatric perspective, i.e. from the point of view of medical doctors involved in the rehabilitation management of a communication disorder. Communication: Communication is a complex behaviour, combining physical and mental events, with the aim of exchanging messages between two or more individuals. Communication is the execution of a task by an individual in his daily life. Different body structures and functions, as well as environmental factors, strongly impact on communication and related activities. Communication disorders: A communication disorder is an impairment in sending and/or receiving a message; it could be the consequence of a disease, a treatment or an environmental situation. There are several professions, both medical and non-medical, involved in the management of patients with a communication disorder. The phoniatrician is the only medical doctor whose focus is the diagnosis and rehabilitation of communication disorders. Taxonomy of communication disorders: There are several diseases, conditions and situations that can lead to a limitation and/or restriction in communication. A list of diseases would be misleading in describing possible communication disorders; it might be more useful to offer a framework of the impaired functions that may lead to a communication disorder. A communication disorder taxonomy based on the direct and indirect impairment of voice, speech, language and hearing functions is presented. Conclusion: The presented taxonomy may contribute to the assessment and management of patients with communication disorders and represents a framework for clinical research in the different disciplines involved in the large field of communication science and disorders.","PeriodicalId":88223,"journal":{"name":"Audiological medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":"163 - 170"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77127211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Communication disorders in the elderly","authors":"A. am Zehnhoff-Dinnesen, W. Angerstein, D. Deuster","doi":"10.3109/1651386X.2010.522859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/1651386X.2010.522859","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The percentage of elderly individuals in the general population is increasing because of rising average life expectancy. Elderly people today enjoy much more active and more communicative lives than previous generations. However, due to age related changes and the increasing prevalence of diseases affecting phonation, articulation, respiration, speech, deglutition and their neurological regulation mechanisms – dysphonia, dysarthria, aphasia/dysphasia and dysphagia, they are becoming more frequent in this population group. These communication disorders can cause social isolation, anxiety and depression. Patients and family members alike suffer from the negative impact these disorders have on communication and quality of life. The prevalence of age related voice problems in the elderly is reported to be as high as 20–47%, for speech and/or language problems 70–75%, and up to 40% for dysphagia. There is a growing need for effective therapeutic approaches to communication disorders in the elderly. Physiological age related changes, the causes of communication disorders in the elderly, their impact on daily life, and rehabilitative options are presented.","PeriodicalId":88223,"journal":{"name":"Audiological medicine","volume":"292 1","pages":"184 - 190"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83155855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The phoniatric vision on communication and its disorders","authors":"A. Schindler","doi":"10.3109/1651386X.2010.531547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/1651386X.2010.531547","url":null,"abstract":"Audiological Medicine is a journal that aims to provide a forum for physicians working in the fi eld of hearing, balance and communication disorders. In the last seven years several issues of the journal have been devoted to hearing or balance disorders, and several papers dealing with hearing and/or balance physiology, pathology and treatment have been published. This is the fi rst issue entirely devoted to communication and its disorders; the authors contributing to this issue belong primarily to phoniatrics, the medical speciality of communication (and swallowing) disorders. This issue represents a further step in the collaboration between audiology and phoniatrics, two medical specialities with several commonalities. In the history of several countries, such as Italy and Mexico (1,2), audiology and phoniatrics were originally two branches of a common fi eld; also, in many European countries, such as Germany, Italy and Poland, these two specialities are combined. The two most important international societies in audiology and phoniatrics, the International Association of Physicians in Audiology (IAPA) and the Union of the European Phoniatricians (UEP), have increased their cooperation in recent years, trying to support each other (3). A journal publishing papers of interest for both audiology and phoniatrics could be a further goal in this cooperation process. The aim of this issue of Audiological Medicine is two-fold: to provide a framework for communication disorders and to give a glimpse on areas of clinical research in this fi eld. In order to achieve this second goal, review articles as well as research papers are presented on issues of the entire age spectrum: papers on verbal communication, both oral and written, as well as non-verbal communications have been included. This issue of Audiological Medicine starts with a paper providing a broad vision of communication and its disorders, together with taxonomic systems. After a brief analysis of the human communication key concepts, the structures, functions, activities, participation and environmental factors contributing the most to communication are described; the ICF (International Classifi cation of Functioning, Disability and Health) terms and defi nitions are used, with the aim to reduce terminology inconsistency. Finally, the classifi cation of communications disorders from a phoniatrics perspective is reported, attempting to give a vision of the entire fi eld. A research paper by Woisard and Lapage on the differences and commonalities between intelligibility and severity of impaired speech highlights the impact of a speech disorder on the listener. The paper contributes to a clearer defi nition of the following concepts: severity, intelligibility and comprehensibility of speech disorders. In the paper of van Opstal et al., the relationship between stressed personality and perceived handicap in voice disordered patients is analysed; this is an example of the impact of voice disorder","PeriodicalId":88223,"journal":{"name":"Audiological medicine","volume":"39 1","pages":"161 - 162"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90376045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of self-induced sound therapy: Bhramari Pranayama in Tinnitus","authors":"Sidheshwar Pandey, N. Mahato, Ravishankar Navale","doi":"10.3109/1651386X.2010.489694","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/1651386X.2010.489694","url":null,"abstract":"Absract Objectives: Treatment of tinnitus is not ‘absolute’ in terms of its approach through a single therapy model. The more recent modes of treatment focus on attenuating somatic perception and on synchronizing the emotional component of tinnitus with more ‘positive’ physiological events in the body, so that the person does not correlate the presence of tinnitus with annoyance and a source of disturbance. Both these goals are possible with neurophysiological ‘habituation’ at proper synapses across the auditory pathway. The present study has been conducted to observe the effects of Bhramari Pranayama (BP) on both the physical and emotional aspects of tinnitus. Bhramari Pranayama is a ‘Yogic’ technique that involves the combination of a relaxing posture and a process of producing sub-tinnitus level humming sound during exhalation along with simultaneous pressing of the closed eyelids. Study Design: A group of patients with tinnitus was administered BP as a therapy. Three other groups of similar patients were given Ginkgo biloba, Masking therapy and a combination of all the above-mentioned modalities, respectively, as treatment for tinnitus. The outcome of the study was determined by analysing the pre- and post-therapeutic values measured for parameters such as: 1) Loudness; 2) THI score; and 3) Anxiety and Depression scale. Results: Demonstrated that BP as well as all the other modalities of treatment significantly reduced the post-therapeutic scores in all the parameters, in all the groups. Conclusion: We concluded that BP significantly reduced the irritability, depression and the anxiety associated with tinnitus. It relieved the symptoms in tinnitus possibly by 1) acting as source of self-generated sound; 2) inducing parasympathetic predominance in the neural milieu; and 3) by acting as a relaxation technique. BP may serve as a cost effective, frequently applicable adjuvant therapy for tinnitus that probably acts through neuromodulating principles.","PeriodicalId":88223,"journal":{"name":"Audiological medicine","volume":"3 1","pages":"137 - 141"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82403634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The inner ear phenotype of Volchok (Vlk): An ENU-induced mouse model for CHARGE syndrome","authors":"Danielle R. Lenz, A. Dror, G. Wekselman, H. Fuchs, M. D. de Angelis, K. Avraham","doi":"10.3109/1651386X.2010.490039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/1651386X.2010.490039","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objective: The Volchok (Vlk) mouse originated as a part of a large-scale ENU program on a C3HeB/FeJ background. The mice present a dominant pattern of inheritance reflected mainly by circling activity, which led us to search for the causative mutation underlying the vestibular phenotype. Study design: Linkage analysis and subsequent sequencing were used to narrow down the genomic region and uncover the mutation, respectively. Behavioral analysis and examination of the inner ear phenotype was performed using the modified SHIRPA protocol, auditory brainstem response (ABR), immunofluorescence, light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), paint-fill and neurofilament staining techniques. Results: A nonsense mutation was discovered in the Chd7 gene responsible for CHARGE syndrome in humans, which leads to a decrease in Chd7 expression in the nuclei of the vestibular and cochlear cells and structural abnormalities in the inner ear. A mild hearing loss was found in the mutant mice. The malformations detected include a truncated lateral semicircular canal and smaller lateral crista, a decrease in size or absence of the round window in the cochlea and lack of innervations to the posterior crista. Conclusion: Vlk joins a series of previously characterized mice bearing a Chd7 mutation, linking abnormalities found both in ENU-induced mutants and a knock-out mouse model. Combining the information from multiple Chd7 alleles provides a more comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms underlying this human disease.","PeriodicalId":88223,"journal":{"name":"Audiological medicine","volume":"7 1","pages":"110 - 119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82778590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hearing profile in hepatitis C virus patients under dual treatment with interferon and ribavirin","authors":"M. Shabana, Ayman Amer, A. Dabbous, Amani Ahmed Al-Sunni","doi":"10.3109/1651386X.2010.515708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/1651386X.2010.515708","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objective: To study the effect of dual therapy with interferon and ribavirin on hearing in chronic HCV patients treated with these medications. Study design: This was a cross-sectional study in which assessment of hearing and cochlear function was carried out using pure tone audiometry and transient otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs). Thirty young-aged adult patients with chronic active hepatitis C virus (HCV) received dual treatment with interferon and ribavirin for at least three months. They were compared to 30 chronic HCV patients for whom treatment was not applicable. Results: HCV patients under treatment exhibited a mild high-frequency sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) in 63.3% of subjects (unilateral in 36.7% and bilateral in 26.7% of subjects). HCV patients not receiving treatment showed SNHL, which was unilateral in 13.3% of subjects. In HCV patients under treatment 33% of subjects had a bilateral TEOAE pass and 30% of subjects had a unilateral pass (unilateral partial pass). The remaining 37% of subjects had a bilateral partial pass, compared to a bilateral pass in 96.67% of subjects not receiving treatment. There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups with regard to the hearing threshold at different frequencies and TEOAE overall wave reproducibility in both ears. Normal hearing ears of those with a unilateral SNHL showed a lower pass rate (27.3%) than those of the bilateral normal hearing group (54.5%), which suggests subtle changes in their cochleae. Conclusion: Dual interferon and ribavirin therapy for HCV patients could damage the cochlear outer or inner hair cells.","PeriodicalId":88223,"journal":{"name":"Audiological medicine","volume":"107 1","pages":"142 - 153"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79116925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Basic audiology for medical students","authors":"P. Berruecos","doi":"10.3109/1651386X.2010.499708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/1651386X.2010.499708","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Delay in the identification, diagnosis and intervention of hearing impairment and deafness is mainly linked to the lack of knowledge and commitment of medical doctors (MDs) towards this impairment. In 1997 and in 2006, a multicentre study on the status of prevention of hearing impairment (HI) and deafness in Mexico, directed towards the parents of deaf children, clearly showed this. Similar findings were obtained with a 10-item questionnaire designed to evaluate knowledge and attitudes towards hearing loss (HL) and used with those MDs selected in the annual national examination for the selection of candidates for residencies. From 23,482 applicants, 5464 MDs – the elite of general practitioners (GPs) who had graduated from more than 70 medical schools all over the country – were selected to start their specialization in 2007, and from these a total of 2727 completed questionnaires (49.9%) were obtained. These again showed a very low level of knowledge and misguided attitudes towards hearing, deafness and its consequences. In addition to efforts centred upon the postgraduate four-year residency in ‘Audiology, Otoneurology and Phoniatrics’ (Faculty of Medicine, National University of Mexico), we proposed inclusion of an audiology module in medical students’ clinical training and the undergraduate rotatory internship. In 2008, 20 multiple-choice questions were administered to 151 students at the beginning and end of the module. The comparison of these evaluations showed an initial average of correct responses of 33.4% and a final one of 77.9%, with a clear improvement of 44.5%. It is proposed to disseminate the module from our university, the most important in the country, to all the medical schools in Mexico, in order to improve the identification, diagnosis and intervention skills of future MDs.","PeriodicalId":88223,"journal":{"name":"Audiological medicine","volume":"32 1","pages":"154 - 160"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86817695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Speech-evoked auditory potentials in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder","authors":"Hannan Azzam, D. Hassan","doi":"10.3109/1651386X.2010.499738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/1651386X.2010.499738","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objective: To explore the processing of auditory information through auditory brainstem and higher cortical regions in a sample of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) of the combined inattention and hyperactivity subtype (ADHD/C) using auditory evoked potentials. Study Design: Fifteen Arabic speaking ADHD/C children were compared to 15 age-matched normal controls, aged between five and ten years. A Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview for Children and Adolescents (Arabic version) was performed to confirm the diagnosis, subtype of ADHD and to exclude comorbid conditions. All children were subjected to Auditory Brainstem Evoked Response (ABR) to click, speech ABR and cortical Mis-Match Negativity (MMN) to speech stimuli. Results: Thirty-three percent of the ADHD/C group showed prolongation of absolute and/or inter-peak wave latencies of the click ABR beyond two standard deviations. The peak latency of the onset waves for speech ABR was abnormal in 87% of the study group. Only three ADHD/C children gave normal MMN. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that abnormal auditory brainstem timing with reduced cortical functions was a characteristic in the studied ADHD/C children. Speech ABR can serve as a biological marker for brainstem neural asynchrony in children with ADHD/C. It might help to organize the highly heterogeneous population of ADHD into more homogeneous subgroups, at least on a particular biological indicator, specifically in individuals who cannot perform the behavioural measures. Further research is needed to determine whether individuals within these subgroups share a similar auditory perceptual profile.","PeriodicalId":88223,"journal":{"name":"Audiological medicine","volume":"64 10 1","pages":"129 - 136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77046246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three-dimensional confocal microscopy of the mammalian inner ear","authors":"Glen Macdonald, E. Rubel","doi":"10.3109/1651386X.2010.502301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/1651386X.2010.502301","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objective: Control the refractive index in fixed specimens of mammalian inner ear to reduce spherical aberrations that limit our ability to obtain 3-dimensional images of fluorescently labeled inner ear specimens by conventional laser scanning confocal microscopy. Study Design: Mouse inner ear specimens were fixed with minimal dissection, rapidly decalcified and fluorescently labeled by immunohistochemistry then impregnated by epoxy resin or a clearing agent composed of 5 parts methyl salicylate:3 parts benzyl benzoate. The specimens were imaged by both confocal microscopy and by widefield epi-fluorescent microscopy, with additional processing by deconvolution. Results: Rapid decalcification preserved tissue morphology and antigenicity for the antibodies tested. Although the epoxy allowed some reduction of spherical aberration, the clearing agent enabled optical volumes of high quality and resolution to be collected through the inner ear. The conditions for immunolabeling are important to ensure adequate perfusion of the immuno-labeling reagents throughout the specimen. Conclusion: Spherical aberration reduces signal intensity, contrast and resolution in optical microscopy. Creating a homogeneous refractive index throughout the inner ear to reduce spherical aberration allowed optical volumes to be collected through an intact, fluorescently labeled cochlea in a manner limited by the working distance of the objective lens rather than by spherical aberration. Optical volumes collected by this method from the mammalian inner ear promise to be useful for applications such as tracing innervation patterns, counting sensory cells or other structures over large regions of the sensory epithelium, and characterization of the inner ear in animal models of human deafness disorders.","PeriodicalId":88223,"journal":{"name":"Audiological medicine","volume":"36 1","pages":"120 - 128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74416448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Audiology and phoniatrics: Vision from Mexico of its origins, relationships, fields and boundaries","authors":"P. Berruecos","doi":"10.3109/1651386X.2010.503568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/1651386X.2010.503568","url":null,"abstract":"A long time ago, a French Professor (Sebileau or Terracol) wrote that otorhinolaryngology (ORL) was like a nebula of unsteady origin and imprecise trajectory. At the very beginning of this speciality, general surgeons practised tracheotomy or laryngectomy, and it is impossible to forget the wide tracks opened by a non-medical doctor, Manuel Garcia, not only to the larynx but also to other anatomical areas. Nevertheless, somebody suddenly said “ ear, nose and throat ” and someone else, more ambitious, added “ eye, ear, nose and throat ” . The organ based criteria include some related areas and one odd addition and, only many years later, was it realized that the only relationship between the eyes and nose was a pair of small ducts by which infection travels up or tears go down. In Mexico, the separation of the specialities involved in the Mexican Society of Ophthalmology and ORL took place in 1947. After that, the evolution of ENT was dynamic and generated new specialties: 1) bronchoesophagology, with Killian and Jackson and, as a natural consequence, anaesthesiology; 2) plastic surgery, to treat outer ear, nose and lip abnormalities; 3) maxillofacial surgery; 4) oncology surgery linked with laryngeal carcinoma; and 5) allergy, born after the awareness that the nose must not be the object of mutilating surgery. It is not irrelevant to remember that George Laurens, speaking against the very frequent nasal septum surgery at the time described “ the septum that must be vertical but is terrifi ed by the vertical ” . In ORL evolution, Lempert in 1938 and then Rosen, Shea and other ENT specialists developed several surgical techniques to treat some types of","PeriodicalId":88223,"journal":{"name":"Audiological medicine","volume":"10 1","pages":"107 - 109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84644654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}