Pub Date : 2020-10-24eCollection Date: 2020-01-01DOI: 10.1155/2020/8831311
Richard D Shipman, Sean D Doering, Jack R Hemsath, Eun Joo Lee, Jennifer E Grant
Phosvitin, the most highly phosphorylated metal-binding protein found in nature, binds more than 100 calcium ions, and has been identified as an agent that could be used to generate biomineralization scaffolds. Because of published reports describing phosvitin's affinity for calcium and potential antibiotic activity, this study was undertaken in order to evaluate phosvitin for both antibiotic activity against common microorganisms and the ability to protect hydroxyapatite surfaces from acid damage. To more clearly define its antibiotic action, the effects of phosvitin on Micrococcus luteus, P. mirabilis, B. cereus, E. coli, and S. epidermidis were evaluated. In both Kirby-Bauer tests and liquid culture growth inhibition assays, phosvitin inhibited M. luteus, a microorganism that thrives in the human mouth, but not the other bacteria tested. The MIC of phosvitin was determined to be 31.3 μg/mL when delivered in 1 mM CaCl2 but was 0.5 mg/mL in the absence of added calcium. Expanding on the potential impacts of phosvitin on the mouth, its action was evaluated in a model of tooth decay represented by acid-damaged hydroxyapatite discs. SEM, AFM, and FAAS analyses revealed that pretreatment of discs with phosvitin modulated the damage-induced morphology and topography changes associated with acid-damaged discs.
Phosvitin是自然界中发现的高度磷酸化的金属结合蛋白,可结合100多种钙离子,已被确定为可用于生成生物矿化支架的试剂。由于已发表的报告描述了phosvitin对钙的亲和力和潜在的抗生素活性,因此本研究旨在评估phosvitin对普通微生物的抗生素活性和保护羟基磷灰石表面免受酸损伤的能力。为了更清楚地确定其抗生素作用,我们评估了磷维素对黄体微球菌、神奇假单胞菌、蜡样芽孢杆菌、大肠杆菌和表皮葡萄球菌的作用。在Kirby-Bauer试验和液体培养生长抑制试验中,磷维素抑制了黄体分枝杆菌(一种在人口腔中繁殖的微生物),但对其他被测试的细菌没有作用。以1 mM CaCl2给药时,磷维素的MIC为31.3 μg/mL,不添加钙时,MIC为0.5 mg/mL。为了进一步研究磷灰石素对口腔的潜在影响,我们在一个以酸损伤羟基磷灰石盘为代表的蛀牙模型中评估了磷灰石素的作用。扫描电镜、原子力显微镜和原子吸收光谱分析显示,用磷维素预处理后的圆盘可以调节与酸损伤圆盘相关的损伤诱导的形态学和形貌变化。
{"title":"Activity of Phosvitin in Hydroxyapatite Acid-Damage Immersion and Antimicrobial Assays.","authors":"Richard D Shipman, Sean D Doering, Jack R Hemsath, Eun Joo Lee, Jennifer E Grant","doi":"10.1155/2020/8831311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8831311","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Phosvitin, the most highly phosphorylated metal-binding protein found in nature, binds more than 100 calcium ions, and has been identified as an agent that could be used to generate biomineralization scaffolds. Because of published reports describing phosvitin's affinity for calcium and potential antibiotic activity, this study was undertaken in order to evaluate phosvitin for both antibiotic activity against common microorganisms and the ability to protect hydroxyapatite surfaces from acid damage. To more clearly define its antibiotic action, the effects of phosvitin on <i>Micrococcus luteus</i>, <i>P. mirabilis</i>, <i>B. cereus</i>, <i>E. coli</i>, and <i>S. epidermidis</i> were evaluated. In both Kirby-Bauer tests and liquid culture growth inhibition assays, phosvitin inhibited <i>M. luteus</i>, a microorganism that thrives in the human mouth, but not the other bacteria tested. The MIC of phosvitin was determined to be 31.3 <i>μ</i>g/mL when delivered in 1 mM CaCl<sub>2</sub> but was 0.5 mg/mL in the absence of added calcium. Expanding on the potential impacts of phosvitin on the mouth, its action was evaluated in a model of tooth decay represented by acid-damaged hydroxyapatite discs. SEM, AFM, and FAAS analyses revealed that pretreatment of discs with phosvitin modulated the damage-induced morphology and topography changes associated with acid-damaged discs.</p>","PeriodicalId":8826,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry Research International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2020/8831311","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38683851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-23eCollection Date: 2020-01-01DOI: 10.1155/2020/8892930
Shaoyuan Xu, Jie Li, Xiaoyan Chen, Beiyu Liu
Objective: Whether changes in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and annexin IV during implantation are regulated through the LH/hCG-R needs further research. To investigate the mechanism of hCG on the expression of annexin IV and VEGF in human endometrial cells.
Methods: Endometrial cells were isolated and identified from human specimens. The proportion of glandular and epithelial cells was analyzed. Annexin IV and VEGF were analyzed by qRT-PCR (mRNA), western blot (proteins), and immunohistochemistry (proteins). Protein location was identified by immunohistochemistry. The cells were cultured with hCG, hCG/PD98059 (a MAPK inhibitor), or no treatment (control).
Results: The proportions between the glandular epithelial cells and stromal cells at inoculation and when adding hCG were 25.8 ± 0.2% and 27.8 ± 0.04%, respectively (P > 0.05). LH/hCG-R, annexin IV, and VEGF were found in the cytoplasm of endometrial cells. After 2, 6, 12, and 24 h of hCG treatment, compared with 1 h, VEGF mRNA was increased by 1.25-fold, 3.19-fold, 4.21-fold, and 4.86-fold and annexin IV by 2.23-fold, 3.37-fold, 5.14-fold, and 5.02-fold. Compared with the control group, annexin IV mRNA and protein were increased in the hCG and hCG/PD98059 groups (mRNA/protein: 1.99-fold/1.80-fold and 2.33-fold/1.93-fold, P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, VEGF mRNA and protein were increased in the hCG group (mRNA/protein: 2.30-fold/1.86-fold), but not in the hCG/PD98059 group.
Conclusion: hCG could upregulate the mRNA and protein expression of annexin IV and VEGF. The upregulation of annexin IV by hCG could not be inhibited by PD98059, but the upregulation of VEGF by hCG could.
{"title":"In Vitro Study on the Regulation of Annexin IV and VEGF by hCG in the Human Endometrium.","authors":"Shaoyuan Xu, Jie Li, Xiaoyan Chen, Beiyu Liu","doi":"10.1155/2020/8892930","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8892930","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Whether changes in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and annexin IV during implantation are regulated through the LH/hCG-R needs further research. To investigate the mechanism of hCG on the expression of annexin IV and VEGF in human endometrial cells.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Endometrial cells were isolated and identified from human specimens. The proportion of glandular and epithelial cells was analyzed. Annexin IV and VEGF were analyzed by qRT-PCR (mRNA), western blot (proteins), and immunohistochemistry (proteins). Protein location was identified by immunohistochemistry. The cells were cultured with hCG, hCG/PD98059 (a MAPK inhibitor), or no treatment (control).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The proportions between the glandular epithelial cells and stromal cells at inoculation and when adding hCG were 25.8 ± 0.2% and 27.8 ± 0.04%, respectively (<i>P</i> > 0.05). LH/hCG-R, annexin IV, and VEGF were found in the cytoplasm of endometrial cells. After 2, 6, 12, and 24 h of hCG treatment, compared with 1 h, VEGF mRNA was increased by 1.25-fold, 3.19-fold, 4.21-fold, and 4.86-fold and annexin IV by 2.23-fold, 3.37-fold, 5.14-fold, and 5.02-fold. Compared with the control group, annexin IV mRNA and protein were increased in the hCG and hCG/PD98059 groups (mRNA/protein: 1.99-fold/1.80-fold and 2.33-fold/1.93-fold, <i>P</i> < 0.05). Compared with the control group, VEGF mRNA and protein were increased in the hCG group (mRNA/protein: 2.30-fold/1.86-fold), but not in the hCG/PD98059 group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>hCG could upregulate the mRNA and protein expression of annexin IV and VEGF. The upregulation of annexin IV by hCG could not be inhibited by PD98059, but the upregulation of VEGF by hCG could.</p>","PeriodicalId":8826,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry Research International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2020/8892930","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38569394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-01eCollection Date: 2020-01-01DOI: 10.1155/2020/8819045
Gervason Moriasi, Anthony Ireri, Mathew Ngugi
Over 50 million persons are living with cognitive deficits worldwide, with over 80% of these individuals living in the developing world. The number of affected persons is projected to go over 152 million by the year 2050. Current drugs used for cognitive impairment are debatably ineffective, costly, inaccessible, and associated with undesirable events that call for the search for alternative and complementary approaches. Plants are arguably affordable, accessible, and efficacious. However, despite the reported healing claims, scientific data validating these claims are lacking. L. eriocalyx is traditionally used for the management of various conditions, including cognitive impairment but has not been scientifically explored. In this study, the Morris Water Maze (MWM) method was used to evaluate in vivo cognitive-enhancing effects of studied extracts of L. eriocalyx. Furthermore, following MWM experiments, brains were dissected and processed, and malondialdehyde profiles were determined. Qualitative phytochemical profiles of the studied plant extracts were also determined. The results showed that mice that were treated with the studied plant extracts took significantly shorter transfer latencies, navigation distances, and significantly longer latencies in the target quadrant (NW) (p < 0.05) compared with the negative control mice, indicating cognitive-enhancing activities. Furthermore, cognitively impaired mice that received the studied plant extracts had significantly lower MDA profiles compared with the MDA profile of the negative control group mice (p < 0.05). The cognitive-enhancing and MDA profile lowering effects were attributed to the presence of antioxidant phytoconstituents that ought to have modulated the redox state, thereby attenuating brain damage. These extracts can be, therefore, used for the management of cognitive deficits. Further studies leading to isolation and characterization of active molecules for cognitive impairment are recommended. Furthermore, the precise mechanism(s) through which these extracts exert their pharmacologic activity should be established.
全世界有超过5000万人患有认知缺陷,其中80%以上的人生活在发展中国家。预计到2050年,受影响的人数将超过1.52亿。目前用于治疗认知障碍的药物是无效的、昂贵的、难以获得的,并且与不良事件有关,需要寻找替代和补充的方法。植物可以说是负担得起的、容易获得的、有效的。然而,尽管报道了治疗的说法,科学数据证实这些说法是缺乏的。鸢尾草传统上用于治疗各种疾病,包括认知障碍,但尚未得到科学研究。本研究采用Morris水迷宫法(Morris Water Maze, MWM)评价所研究的枇杷提取物在体内的认知增强作用。此外,在MWM实验之后,对大脑进行解剖和处理,并确定丙二醛谱。还确定了所研究植物提取物的定性植物化学特征。结果表明,与阴性对照小鼠相比,经植物提取物处理的小鼠的传递潜伏期显著缩短,导航距离显著缩短,靶象限(NW)潜伏期显著延长(p < 0.05),表明具有认知增强作用。此外,与阴性对照组小鼠相比,接受研究植物提取物的认知功能受损小鼠的MDA谱显著降低(p < 0.05)。认知增强和MDA谱降低的作用归因于抗氧化植物成分的存在,这些成分本应调节氧化还原状态,从而减轻脑损伤。因此,这些提取物可用于治疗认知缺陷。建议进一步研究导致分离和表征认知障碍的活性分子。此外,这些提取物发挥其药理活性的确切机制还有待确定。
{"title":"Cognitive-Enhancing, <i>Ex Vivo</i> Antilipid Peroxidation and Qualitative Phytochemical Evaluation of the Aqueous and Methanolic Stem Bark Extracts of <i>Lonchocarpus eriocalyx</i> (Harms.).","authors":"Gervason Moriasi, Anthony Ireri, Mathew Ngugi","doi":"10.1155/2020/8819045","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2020/8819045","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Over 50 million persons are living with cognitive deficits worldwide, with over 80% of these individuals living in the developing world. The number of affected persons is projected to go over 152 million by the year 2050. Current drugs used for cognitive impairment are debatably ineffective, costly, inaccessible, and associated with undesirable events that call for the search for alternative and complementary approaches. Plants are arguably affordable, accessible, and efficacious. However, despite the reported healing claims, scientific data validating these claims are lacking. <i>L. eriocalyx</i> is traditionally used for the management of various conditions, including cognitive impairment but has not been scientifically explored. In this study, the Morris Water Maze (MWM) method was used to evaluate <i>in vivo</i> cognitive-enhancing effects of studied extracts of <i>L. eriocalyx.</i> Furthermore, following MWM experiments, brains were dissected and processed, and malondialdehyde profiles were determined. Qualitative phytochemical profiles of the studied plant extracts were also determined. The results showed that mice that were treated with the studied plant extracts took significantly shorter transfer latencies, navigation distances, and significantly longer latencies in the target quadrant (NW) (<i>p</i> < 0.05) compared with the negative control mice, indicating cognitive-enhancing activities. Furthermore, cognitively impaired mice that received the studied plant extracts had significantly lower MDA profiles compared with the MDA profile of the negative control group mice (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The cognitive-enhancing and MDA profile lowering effects were attributed to the presence of antioxidant phytoconstituents that ought to have modulated the redox state, thereby attenuating brain damage. These extracts can be, therefore, used for the management of cognitive deficits. Further studies leading to isolation and characterization of active molecules for cognitive impairment are recommended. Furthermore, the precise mechanism(s) through which these extracts exert their pharmacologic activity should be established.</p>","PeriodicalId":8826,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry Research International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2020/8819045","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39079631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thymus leptobotrys is a medicinal plant belonging to the Lamiaceae family, endemic in Morocco, and used in traditional medicine. The present work aims to study the phenolic compounds, the antioxidant activity, the anti-inflammatory effect, and the toxicity of two ethanolic and methanolic extracts of Thymus leptobotrys aerial part. The yield of the methanolic extraction (22.2%) is higher than that of the ethanolic extraction (15.8%) and is characterized by higher contents of polyphenols 243.08 mg/g GAE (mg/g of gallic acid), flavonoids 179.28 mg/g RE (mg/g of rutin), and tannins 39.31 mg/g CE (mg/g of catechin). The in vitro measurement of antioxidant activity with the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical reduction test and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) test demonstrates the higher performance of the methanolic extract. The evaluation of the anti-inflammatory effect in vivo on adult Wistar female rats leads to a very significant decrease in the inflammation of the edema compared to the standard drug (indomethacin) and the control group. The toxicity test reveals that both extracts showed no toxicity within an LD50 above 2000 mg/kg body weight of the rats.
{"title":"Phenolic Content, Antioxidant Activity, Anti-Inflammatory Potential, and Acute Toxicity Study of <i>Thymus leptobotrys</i> Murb. Extracts.","authors":"Asmaa Oubihi, Hanae Hosni, Issmail Nounah, Abdessamad Ettouil, Hicham Harhar, Katim Alaoui, Mohammed Ouhssine, Zineb Guessous","doi":"10.1155/2020/8823209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8823209","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Thymus leptobotrys</i> is a medicinal plant belonging to the Lamiaceae family, endemic in Morocco, and used in traditional medicine. The present work aims to study the phenolic compounds, the antioxidant activity, the anti-inflammatory effect, and the toxicity of two ethanolic and methanolic extracts of <i>Thymus leptobotrys</i> aerial part. The yield of the methanolic extraction (22.2%) is higher than that of the ethanolic extraction (15.8%) and is characterized by higher contents of polyphenols 243.08 mg/g GAE (mg/g of gallic acid), flavonoids 179.28 mg/g RE (mg/g of rutin), and tannins 39.31 mg/g CE (mg/g of catechin). The <i>in vitro</i> measurement of antioxidant activity with the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical reduction test and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) test demonstrates the higher performance of the methanolic extract. The evaluation of the anti-inflammatory effect <i>in vivo</i> on adult Wistar female rats leads to a very significant decrease in the inflammation of the edema compared to the standard drug (indomethacin) and the control group. The toxicity test reveals that both extracts showed no toxicity within an LD50 above 2000 mg/kg body weight of the rats.</p>","PeriodicalId":8826,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry Research International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2020/8823209","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38452350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-15eCollection Date: 2020-01-01DOI: 10.1155/2020/8810744
Tahani Osman Issa, Ahmed Ibrahim Mohamed Ahmed, Yahya Sulieman Mohamed, Sakina Yagi, Abdelrafie Mohamed Makhawi, Tarig Osman Khider
The present study aimed to investigate the physiochemical activities of Senna occidentalis (Linn) roots and phytochemicals as insecticidal (ethyl acetate and methanol) and antidiabetic (ethanolic extract) activities. Physicochemical properties were carried out by using Association of Official Analytical Chemist methods; thin layer chromatography was carried out according to the Stahl method. Larvicidal activity and LD50 were studied against the third instar of Culex quinquefasciatus mosquito larvae to detect and extract toxicity. The ethanolic extracts of the roots were orally tested at the dose 200 mg/kg for the hypoglycemic effect on induced hyperglycemia in normal rats, assessed in the ethanol extract, and were compared with diabetic control and standards glibenclamide 10 mg/kg. Physiochemical parameters showed high rate in the nitrogen-free extract (69.6%), curd fiber (14.5%), crude proteins (8.15%), ether extract (3.75%), and both ash and moisture (2%), and high concentrations values were found in potassium (43 mg/l) followed by phosphorous (28.5 mg/l), calcium (15 mg/l), sodium (3.65 mg/l), and magnesium (0.145 mg/l). In this part, phytochemical compounds showed high amount of alkaloids, triterpene, flavonoids, tannins, sugars, and few amount of anthraquinone glycosides. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) studies different colored phytochemical constituted with different Rf values. All the spots are colored under UV light, but some are localized colorless after spaying. The ethyl acetate (EtAc) extract showed eight spots, and the methanol (MeOH) extract showed thirteen spots. The larvicidal activity showed that the ethyl acetate extract was safe against mosquito larvae with an LD50 value 1412.54 (p < 0.05), and the methanol extract had moderate larvicidal activity against mosquito larvae with an LD50 value 257.54 (p < 0.05), while the ethanolic extract of Senna occidentalis (L.) causes a favorable hypoglycemic activity when compared to control significant reduction by [53.15%, 32.87%, and 20.94%], respectively, as well as standard glibenclamide. Based on the various data of the physicochemical parameters, TLC spots, and phytochemical compounds of Senna occidentalis root, they could be used as references standards for manufacturing units of Senna occidentalis root larvicidal and antidiabetic drugs.
{"title":"Physiochemical, Insecticidal, and Antidiabetic Activities of <i>Senna occidentalis</i> Linn Root.","authors":"Tahani Osman Issa, Ahmed Ibrahim Mohamed Ahmed, Yahya Sulieman Mohamed, Sakina Yagi, Abdelrafie Mohamed Makhawi, Tarig Osman Khider","doi":"10.1155/2020/8810744","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8810744","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present study aimed to investigate the physiochemical activities of <i>Senna occidentalis</i> (Linn) roots and phytochemicals as insecticidal (ethyl acetate and methanol) and antidiabetic (ethanolic extract) activities. Physicochemical properties were carried out by using Association of Official Analytical Chemist methods; thin layer chromatography was carried out according to the Stahl method. Larvicidal activity and LD<sub>50</sub> were studied against the third instar of <i>Culex quinquefasciatus</i> mosquito larvae to detect and extract toxicity. The ethanolic extracts of the roots were orally tested at the dose 200 mg/kg for the hypoglycemic effect on induced hyperglycemia in normal rats, assessed in the ethanol extract, and were compared with diabetic control and standards glibenclamide 10 mg/kg. Physiochemical parameters showed high rate in the nitrogen-free extract (69.6%), curd fiber (14.5%), crude proteins (8.15%), ether extract (3.75%), and both ash and moisture (2%), and high concentrations values were found in potassium (43 mg/l) followed by phosphorous (28.5 mg/l), calcium (15 mg/l), sodium (3.65 mg/l), and magnesium (0.145 mg/l). In this part, phytochemical compounds showed high amount of alkaloids, triterpene, flavonoids, tannins, sugars, and few amount of anthraquinone glycosides. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) studies different colored phytochemical constituted with different Rf values. All the spots are colored under UV light, but some are localized colorless after spaying. The ethyl acetate (EtAc) extract showed eight spots, and the methanol (MeOH) extract showed thirteen spots. The larvicidal activity showed that the ethyl acetate extract was safe against mosquito larvae with an LD<sub>50</sub> value 1412.54 (<i>p</i> < 0.05), and the methanol extract had moderate larvicidal activity against mosquito larvae with an LD<sub>50</sub> value 257.54 (<i>p</i> < 0.05), while the ethanolic extract of <i>Senna occidentalis</i> (L.) causes a favorable hypoglycemic activity when compared to control significant reduction by [53.15%, 32.87%, and 20.94%], respectively, as well as standard glibenclamide. Based on the various data of the physicochemical parameters, TLC spots, and phytochemical compounds of <i>Senna occidentalis</i> root, they could be used as references standards for manufacturing units of <i>Senna occidentalis</i> root larvicidal and antidiabetic drugs.</p>","PeriodicalId":8826,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry Research International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2020/8810744","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38452349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-01eCollection Date: 2020-01-01DOI: 10.1155/2020/6561980
Magdi Mansour Salih
Mycetoma is a lifelong granulomatous disease of subcutaneous tissues and bones. Histopathology is a substantiated indicative method based on the assumption of a definitive diagnosis of mycetoma. It requires efficient processing of tissues including bone decalcification. The decalcification process must ensure complete removal of calcium and also a proper preservation of tissue and microorganisms' staining ability. Objectives. To compare the conventional method used in decalcification with the microwave method using different decalcification solutions. Different characteristics were tested, including the speed of decalcification and morphological and fungal preservation in bone tissue affected with mycetoma. Materials and Methods. Three decalcification solutions were employed to remove calcium from 50 bone tissue samples affected with mycetoma, including 10% neutral buffered EDTA (pH 7.4), 5% nitric acid, and 5% hydrochloric acid. Conventional and microwave methods were used. Haematoxylin-eosin (HE) stain, Gridley's stain, and Grocott hexamine-silver stain were employed to evaluate the bone and fungi morphologies. Results. The decalcification time of the conventional method compared with the microwave method with 10% EDTA (pH 7.4) took 120 hours and 29 hours, while 5% hydrochloric acid and 5% nitric acid took 8 hours and 3 hours, separately. Also, 10% EDTA is the best decalcifying agent for HE staining and fungal stains. 5% hydrochloric acid and 5% nitric acid can be used for fungal staining. Conclusion. The current study investigated the effects of different decalcifying agents as well as two decalcification procedures on the preservation of the bone structure and fungal staining, which will help to develop suitable protocols for the analyses of the bone tissue affected with mycetoma infection.
{"title":"Comparison between Conventional Decalcification and a Microwave-Assisted Method in Bone Tissue Affected with Mycetoma.","authors":"Magdi Mansour Salih","doi":"10.1155/2020/6561980","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/6561980","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mycetoma is a lifelong granulomatous disease of subcutaneous tissues and bones. Histopathology is a substantiated indicative method based on the assumption of a definitive diagnosis of mycetoma. It requires efficient processing of tissues including bone decalcification. The decalcification process must ensure complete removal of calcium and also a proper preservation of tissue and microorganisms' staining ability. <i>Objectives</i>. To compare the conventional method used in decalcification with the microwave method using different decalcification solutions. Different characteristics were tested, including the speed of decalcification and morphological and fungal preservation in bone tissue affected with mycetoma. <i>Materials and Methods</i>. Three decalcification solutions were employed to remove calcium from 50 bone tissue samples affected with mycetoma, including 10% neutral buffered EDTA (pH 7.4), 5% nitric acid, and 5% hydrochloric acid. Conventional and microwave methods were used. Haematoxylin-eosin (HE) stain, Gridley's stain, and Grocott hexamine-silver stain were employed to evaluate the bone and fungi morphologies. <i>Results</i>. The decalcification time of the conventional method compared with the microwave method with 10% EDTA (pH 7.4) took 120 hours and 29 hours, while 5% hydrochloric acid and 5% nitric acid took 8 hours and 3 hours, separately. Also, 10% EDTA is the best decalcifying agent for HE staining and fungal stains. 5% hydrochloric acid and 5% nitric acid can be used for fungal staining. <i>Conclusion</i>. The current study investigated the effects of different decalcifying agents as well as two decalcification procedures on the preservation of the bone structure and fungal staining, which will help to develop suitable protocols for the analyses of the bone tissue affected with mycetoma infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":8826,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry Research International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2020/6561980","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38300684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-01eCollection Date: 2020-01-01DOI: 10.1155/2020/7403257
Liang Huang, Chunxia Li, Ning Sun, Yu Wang, Hongpeng Yang, Yiting Li, Litong Ban
To evaluate pharmacological activities of a novel fungus Hygrophoropsis sp., the influence of aeration rate on the production of mycelial biomass, exopolysaccharides (EPS), and intrapolysaccharides (IPS) in the fungus Hygrophoropsis sp. was investigated. And the water extracts of cultured Hygrophoropsis sp. mycelia and the fermentation broth were analyzed for their antioxidation activity by using four different assay methods such as hydroxyl radical scavenging, superoxide radical scavenging, hydrogen peroxide scavenging, and reducing power. The Hygrophoropsis sp. was cultivated under various aeration rates in a 7 l bioreactor. The highest mycelial biomass (3.98 mg/mL) and IPS production (19.63 mg/g) were obtained at aeration rate 4.5 v.v.m. The results showed that Hygrophoropsis sp., in general, possesses a strong antioxidation activity in all assays tested. The deproteinized extracts had stronger antioxidation activity as compared to the un-deproteinized extracts by using superoxide radical scavenging, hydrogen peroxide scavenging, and reducing power. Besides, the un-deproteinized extracts had stronger antioxidation activity as compared to the deproteinized extracts by using hydroxyl radical scavenging. Thus, the polysaccharide extractions from the Hygrophoropsis sp. studied have antioxidant activities in vitro, which may be a good source of natural antioxidants or further investigation as potential natural antioxidants.
{"title":"Optimization of Liquid Culture Condition of a Novel Fungus <i>Hygrophoropsis</i> sp. and Antioxidant Activity of Extracts.","authors":"Liang Huang, Chunxia Li, Ning Sun, Yu Wang, Hongpeng Yang, Yiting Li, Litong Ban","doi":"10.1155/2020/7403257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/7403257","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To evaluate pharmacological activities of a novel fungus <i>Hygrophoropsis</i> sp., the influence of aeration rate on the production of mycelial biomass, exopolysaccharides (EPS), and intrapolysaccharides (IPS) in the fungus <i>Hygrophoropsis</i> sp. was investigated. And the water extracts of cultured <i>Hygrophoropsis</i> sp. mycelia and the fermentation broth were analyzed for their antioxidation activity by using four different assay methods such as hydroxyl radical scavenging, superoxide radical scavenging, hydrogen peroxide scavenging, and reducing power. The <i>Hygrophoropsis</i> sp. was cultivated under various aeration rates in a 7 l bioreactor. The highest mycelial biomass (3.98 mg/mL) and IPS production (19.63 mg/g) were obtained at aeration rate 4.5 v.v.m. The results showed that <i>Hygrophoropsis</i> sp., in general, possesses a strong antioxidation activity in all assays tested. The deproteinized extracts had stronger antioxidation activity as compared to the un-deproteinized extracts by using superoxide radical scavenging, hydrogen peroxide scavenging, and reducing power. Besides, the un-deproteinized extracts had stronger antioxidation activity as compared to the deproteinized extracts by using hydroxyl radical scavenging. Thus, the polysaccharide extractions from the <i>Hygrophoropsis</i> sp. studied have antioxidant activities <i>in vitro</i>, which may be a good source of natural antioxidants or further investigation as potential natural antioxidants.</p>","PeriodicalId":8826,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry Research International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2020/7403257","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38300685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a common human pathogen, which is closely correlated with gastric cancer (GC). However, the mechanism of H. pylori-related GC has not been elucidated. This study aimed to explore the role of H. pylori infection in GC and find biomarkers for early diagnosis of H. pylori-related GC.
Methods: We identified differentially expressed microRNAs (DEMs) and genes (DEGs) from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset, constructed microRNA-(miRNA-)mRNA expression networks, analyzed the function and signal pathway of cross-genes, analyzed the relations between cross-genes and GC prognosis with the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data, and verified the expression of cross-genes in patients with H. pylori infection.
Results: 22 DEMs and 68 DEGs were identified in GSE197694 and GSE27411 dataset. 16 miRNAs and 509 genes were involved in the expression network, while the cross-genes of the network were mainly enriched in MAP kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway and TGF-beta signaling pathway. Patients with higher expression of hsa-miR-196b-3p, CALML4, or SMAD6 or lower expression of PITX2 or TGFB2 had better outcomes than those with lower expression of hsa-miR-196b-3p, CALML4, or SMAD6 or higher expression of PITX2 or TGFB2 (P < 0.05). Patients with H. pylori infection had a higher expression of hsa-miR-196b-3p and CALML4 than those without H. pylori infection (P < 0.05).
Conclusion: The study of miRNA-mRNA expression network would provide molecular support for early diagnosis and treatment of H. pylori-related GC.
背景:幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori, H. pylori)是一种常见的人类致病菌,与胃癌(gastric cancer, GC)密切相关。然而,幽门螺杆菌相关GC的机制尚未阐明。本研究旨在探讨幽门螺杆菌感染在胃癌中的作用,寻找早期诊断幽门螺杆菌相关性胃癌的生物标志物。方法:从Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO)数据集中鉴定差异表达microRNA (DEMs)和基因(DEGs),构建microRNA-(miRNA-)mRNA表达网络,分析交叉基因的功能和信号通路,利用Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)数据分析交叉基因与胃癌预后的关系,验证交叉基因在幽门螺杆菌感染患者中的表达。结果:在GSE197694和GSE27411数据集中共鉴定出22个dem和68个deg。16个mirna和509个基因参与了表达网络,而网络的交叉基因主要富集在MAP激酶(MAPK)信号通路和tgf - β信号通路。高表达hsa-miR-196b-3p、CALML4、SMAD6或低表达PITX2、TGFB2的患者预后优于低表达hsa-miR-196b-3p、CALML4、SMAD6或高表达PITX2、TGFB2的患者(P < 0.05)。幽门螺杆菌感染患者hsa-miR-196b-3p、CALML4表达高于未感染患者(P < 0.05)。结论:miRNA-mRNA表达网络的研究可为幽门螺杆菌相关性胃癌的早期诊断和治疗提供分子支持。
{"title":"Construction and Investigation of MicroRNA-mRNA Regulatory Network of Gastric Cancer with <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> Infection.","authors":"Ping Yang, Junjie Liu, Tianci Yang, Lei Zhang, Peiyou Gong, Boqing Li, Xiuzhi Zhou","doi":"10.1155/2020/6285987","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/6285987","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Helicobacter pylori</i> (<i>H. pylori</i>) is a common human pathogen, which is closely correlated with gastric cancer (GC). However, the mechanism of <i>H. pylori</i>-related GC has not been elucidated. This study aimed to explore the role of <i>H. pylori</i> infection in GC and find biomarkers for early diagnosis of <i>H. pylori</i>-related GC.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We identified differentially expressed microRNAs (DEMs) and genes (DEGs) from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset, constructed microRNA-(miRNA-)mRNA expression networks, analyzed the function and signal pathway of cross-genes, analyzed the relations between cross-genes and GC prognosis with the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data, and verified the expression of cross-genes in patients with <i>H. pylor</i>i infection.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>22 DEMs and 68 DEGs were identified in GSE197694 and GSE27411 dataset. 16 miRNAs and 509 genes were involved in the expression network, while the cross-genes of the network were mainly enriched in MAP kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway and TGF-beta signaling pathway. Patients with higher expression of hsa-miR-196b-3p, CALML4, or SMAD6 or lower expression of PITX2 or TGFB2 had better outcomes than those with lower expression of hsa-miR-196b-3p, CALML4, or SMAD6 or higher expression of PITX2 or TGFB2 (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Patients with <i>H. pylori</i> infection had a higher expression of hsa-miR-196b-3p and CALML4 than those without <i>H. pylori</i> infection (<i>P</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study of miRNA-mRNA expression network would provide molecular support for early diagnosis and treatment of <i>H. pylori</i>-related GC.</p>","PeriodicalId":8826,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry Research International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2020/6285987","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38269456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-05eCollection Date: 2020-01-01DOI: 10.1155/2020/5079625
Linman Li, Li Zhong, Xiaoya Zheng, Wenyi You, Yunting Wang, Jihui Yu, Xun Wu, Wei Ren, Gangyi Yang
Aim: Adult growth hormone deficiency (AGHD) is associated with an increased risk of fractures. The interactions between various body composition and bone are known to be complex in nature. However, very few studies have examined this crosstalk in AGHD. In this study, we sought to investigate the relationship between various parameters of body composition and bone mineral density (BMD) as well as determine the role of visceral fat in determining the bone mass in patients with AGHD.
Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study on 57 patients with AGHD. Anthropometry, biochemistry, and analysis of body composition and BMD were performed according to standard protocols. Male and female patients were classified into those with osteoporosis and those without osteoporosis (normal subjects and patients with osteopenia). Further, we analyzed the correlation between the BMD and measurements obtained for various body composition parameters in male and female AGHD patients.
Results: Our findings indicated that among female AGHD patients, those with osteoporosis had a significantly higher levels of fat mass (FM) and visceral adipose tissue mass (VATM) (both, P < 0.05) than those without osteoporosis. Further, Pearson correlation analysis showed that the values of age, body mass index (BMI), FM, and VATM correlated negatively with BMD in women with AGHD (all P < 0.05); however, this association was not noted in men. After adjusting for the other covariates, VATM was found to be independently correlated with the BMD in female patients with AGHD.
Conclusions: A close correlation was noted between VATM and BMD in female patients with AGHD.
{"title":"Association between Visceral Fat and Bone Mineral Density in Both Male and Female Patients with Adult Growth Hormone Deficiency.","authors":"Linman Li, Li Zhong, Xiaoya Zheng, Wenyi You, Yunting Wang, Jihui Yu, Xun Wu, Wei Ren, Gangyi Yang","doi":"10.1155/2020/5079625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/5079625","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Adult growth hormone deficiency (AGHD) is associated with an increased risk of fractures. The interactions between various body composition and bone are known to be complex in nature. However, very few studies have examined this crosstalk in AGHD. In this study, we sought to investigate the relationship between various parameters of body composition and bone mineral density (BMD) as well as determine the role of visceral fat in determining the bone mass in patients with AGHD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a cross-sectional study on 57 patients with AGHD. Anthropometry, biochemistry, and analysis of body composition and BMD were performed according to standard protocols. Male and female patients were classified into those with osteoporosis and those without osteoporosis (normal subjects and patients with osteopenia). Further, we analyzed the correlation between the BMD and measurements obtained for various body composition parameters in male and female AGHD patients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our findings indicated that among female AGHD patients, those with osteoporosis had a significantly higher levels of fat mass (FM) and visceral adipose tissue mass (VATM) (both, <i>P</i> < 0.05) than those without osteoporosis. Further, Pearson correlation analysis showed that the values of age, body mass index (BMI), FM, and VATM correlated negatively with BMD in women with AGHD (all <i>P</i> < 0.05); however, this association was not noted in men. After adjusting for the other covariates, VATM was found to be independently correlated with the BMD in female patients with AGHD.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A close correlation was noted between VATM and BMD in female patients with AGHD.</p>","PeriodicalId":8826,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry Research International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2020/5079625","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38178373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this study is to evaluate and compare the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of essential oil isolated from Tetraclinis articulata (Vahl) leaves, Masters originating in Morocco (Benslimane Region, Atlantic-influenced plain). The analysis of the major compounds of essential oil was performed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry, and this oil is dominated by bornyl acetate (35.05%), camphor (11.17%), and α-pinene (10.84%). The antioxidant properties were evaluated by the test of the radical trap 2,2-diphényl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and the antimicrobial activity of T. articulata essential oil was tested against clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli which have been inhibited from the 25 μg/mL.
{"title":"Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of the Essential Oil of Moroccan <i>Tetraclinis articulata</i> (Vahl) Masters.","authors":"Halima Rabib, Chaimaa Elagdi, Mohammed Hsaine, Hassan Fougrach, Tayeb Koussa, Wadi Badri","doi":"10.1155/2020/9638548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/9638548","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of this study is to evaluate and compare the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of essential oil isolated from <i>Tetraclinis articulata</i> (Vahl) leaves, Masters originating in Morocco (Benslimane Region, Atlantic-influenced plain). The analysis of the major compounds of essential oil was performed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry, and this oil is dominated by bornyl acetate (35.05%), camphor (11.17%), and <i>α</i>-pinene (10.84%). The antioxidant properties were evaluated by the test of the radical trap 2,2-diphényl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and the antimicrobial activity of <i>T</i>. <i>articulata</i> essential oil was tested against clinical isolates of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, and <i>Escherichia coli</i> which have been inhibited from the 25 <i>μ</i>g/mL.</p>","PeriodicalId":8826,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry Research International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2020/9638548","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38185264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}