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Standardized transect walks outperform pan traps in assessing wild bee community in a Mediterranean protected area (Asinara National Park, Italy) 在评估地中海保护区(意大利阿西纳拉国家公园)野生蜜蜂群落方面,标准化横断面步行优于平板诱捕器
IF 3.4 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2024-05-08 DOI: 10.1007/s10531-024-02850-9
Matteo Lezzeri, Vanessa Lozano, Giuseppe Brundu, Ignazio Floris, Michelina Pusceddu, Marino Quaranta, Alberto Satta

The decline of pollinator insects in various parts of the world has increased the interest in studies on bee sampling. Because pollinator management and conservation policies depend on data representing their communities, knowledge of the systematic bias of sampling methods in relation to surrounding habitat is fundamental. This study examined the performance of standardized transect walks and colored pan traps considering differences in bee species richness, diversity, and composition, and the potential bias due to a different availability of floral sources throughout seasons. The study was conducted in a minor outlying island (Asinara, Italy), a natural park characterized by the prevalence of natural or semi-natural habitats and an Oceanic Pluviseasonal Mediterranean bioclimate. We found that transect and pan trap methods reflected different bee communities based on taxonomic families, genera, and species. In general, the transect method captured more varied samples than pan traps, despite the significantly lower number of individuals captured on transects. Moreover, pan traps captured more bees as floral abundance decreased, whereas transects showed greater bee abundance, richness, and diversity with increasing floral resource availability. In addition, 18 species out of the 68 observed in total were caught exclusively with pan traps, especially in July–October, when transect catches decreased due to substantial bloom reduction. Therefore, alternating the two methods according to season (i.e., transect in late winter-spring and pan trap in summer-autumn) might be the most suitable trade-off to obtain a better representation of the bee community by limiting sampling efforts and the negative impact on bee fauna.

世界各地授粉昆虫数量的减少增加了人们对蜜蜂取样研究的兴趣。由于授粉昆虫的管理和保护政策依赖于代表其群落的数据,因此了解采样方法与周围栖息地的系统偏差至关重要。考虑到蜜蜂物种丰富度、多样性和组成的差异,以及四季花源不同造成的潜在偏差,本研究考察了标准化横断面行走和彩盘捕获器的性能。这项研究是在一个离岛(意大利阿西纳拉)进行的,该自然公园的特点是自然或半自然栖息地和大洋洲地中海生物气候。我们发现,横断面法和盘捕法根据分类学上的科、属和种反映了不同的蜜蜂群落。总体而言,横断面捕获法比平底锅捕获法捕获的样本种类更多,尽管横断面捕获法捕获的个体数量要少得多。此外,随着花卉丰度的降低,盘式诱捕器捕获了更多的蜜蜂,而横断面法则随着花卉资源可用性的增加而显示出更高的蜜蜂丰度、丰富度和多样性。此外,在总共观察到的 68 个物种中,有 18 个物种完全是用盘式诱捕器捕获的,特别是在 7 月至 10 月,由于花期大幅减少,横断面的捕获量也随之减少。因此,根据季节交替使用两种方法(即在冬末春初使用横断面方法,在夏秋季使用盘式诱捕器)可能是最合适的权衡方法,这样可以通过限制取样工作量和对蜜蜂动物群落的负面影响来获得更好的蜜蜂群落代表性。
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引用次数: 0
Commonness as a reliable surrogacy strategy for the conservation planning of rare tree species in the subtropical Atlantic Forest 共同性是亚热带大西洋森林珍稀树种保护规划的可靠代用策略
IF 3.4 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2024-05-04 DOI: 10.1007/s10531-024-02849-2
Guilherme Salgado Grittz, Giesta Maria Olmedo Machado, Alexander Christian Vibrans, André Luís de Gasper

Global biodiversity is declining at rates never seen before. At the same time, resources directed at conservation planning still fall orders of magnitude short. Thus, efficient allocation of resources is needed to prioritize regions that can shelter more biodiversity. A usual approach to identify priority areas for conservation is to map species distribution and use this information as input in spatial prioritization proceedings. Since data on common species are more readily available, final maps of priority areas for conservation are heavily biased towards this group, overlooking rare species. Thus, we created a ranking of priority maps for common and rare tree species, separately, aiming to comprehend if prioritizing areas for the conservation of common trees is enough to protect rare trees all at once. Additionally, we overlapped our priority maps with maps of current protected areas (PAs) to identify if the latter already cover areas designated in our models. Our results show that common tree species can act as surrogates for rare tree species since priority maps for both groups overlap with more than 70% of their area. Yet, most of the current PAs do not cover significant areas for protecting tree species, revealing an urgent need to expand or create new PAs to properly safeguard the local biodiversity.

全球生物多样性正在以前所未有的速度减少。与此同时,用于保护规划的资源仍然远远不够。因此,需要有效地分配资源,优先考虑能够保护更多生物多样性的地区。确定优先保护区域的通常方法是绘制物种分布图,并将这些信息作为空间优先排序程序的输入。由于常见物种的数据更容易获得,因此最终绘制的优先保护区域图会严重偏向这一类物种,而忽略稀有物种。因此,我们为常见树种和珍稀树种分别绘制了优先级排序图,旨在了解优先保护常见树种的区域是否足以同时保护珍稀树种。此外,我们还将优先级地图与当前的保护区地图重叠,以确定后者是否已经覆盖了我们模型中指定的区域。我们的结果表明,普通树种可以作为珍稀树种的替代品,因为这两类树种的优先级地图有 70% 以上的区域重叠。然而,目前大多数保护区并未覆盖保护树种的重要区域,这表明迫切需要扩大或创建新的保护区,以妥善保护当地的生物多样性。
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引用次数: 0
Fishing and recording dead fish by citizen scientists contribute valuable data on south American ray-finned fish diversity 公民科学家捕捞和记录死鱼,为南美鳐鱼多样性提供了宝贵数据
IF 3.4 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2024-05-03 DOI: 10.1007/s10531-024-02857-2
Lucas Rodriguez Forti, José Luís Costa Novaes, Milena Wachlevski, Rodrigo Silva da Costa, Jandson Lucas Camelo da Silva, Juan Lima, Adriana Maria Alves, Lorena B. Thaíza Fernandes, Judit K. Szabo

Citizen-collected data are used to describe ecological patterns and to obtain information about the distribution and trends of fauna and flora to inform management and conservation actions worldwide. However, considering the logistical and financial aspects, data should be collected in a cost-effective way. In addition, informed by the spatio-temporal distribution of observations, under-, and oversampled areas can be identified to guide future sampling efforts. Here, we classify 37,161 observations of South American Actinopterygii submitted to iNaturalist, occurring in both coastal and inland water bodies. We consider the status of the fish (live/dead), the characteristics (taxonomy and habitat) of the species and the circumstances of the observation (e.g., during fishing or diving). We test whether adding opportunistic observations increases species diversity, i.e., if observations of dead fish and fishing-related data add information to traditionally collected occurrence data (i.e. those of live fish observed during diving). Our dataset contained 2,377 species of 206 families, representing 24% of all South American ray-finned fish species. Dead individuals and observations related to fishing on average contributed 37% and 33% of annual observed species richness, respectively and added 151 unique species not recorded live or under circumstances not related to fishing. We found that for dead fish the rate of validation by peers and experts on the platform had been 20% lower compared to that of live individuals. We argue that recording organisms observed under different circumstances and in different conditions improves our knowledge of biodiversity. Demonstrating the value of all observations can encourage volunteers to make their data collection more inclusive.

公民收集的数据可用于描述生态模式,获取有关动植物分布和趋势的信息,为全球的管理和保护行动提供依据。然而,考虑到后勤和资金方面的问题,数据收集应具有成本效益。此外,根据观测数据的时空分布情况,可以确定采样不足和采样过多的区域,为今后的采样工作提供指导。在这里,我们对提交给 iNaturalist 的 37,161 个南美放线鱼类观测数据进行了分类,这些观测数据出现在沿海和内陆水体中。我们考虑了鱼类的状态(活/死)、物种的特征(分类和栖息地)以及观测的环境(如在捕鱼或潜水时)。我们测试了增加机会性观测是否会增加物种多样性,即对死鱼和捕鱼相关数据的观测是否会增加传统收集的出现数据(即潜水时观测到的活鱼数据)的信息量。我们的数据集包含 206 个科 2377 个物种,占南美洲鳐鳍鱼物种总数的 24%。死亡个体和与捕捞有关的观测结果平均分别占年度观测物种丰富度的 37% 和 33%,并增加了 151 个未记录到活体或与捕捞无关的独特物种。我们发现,与活体相比,平台上同行和专家对死鱼的验证率要低 20%。我们认为,记录在不同环境和条件下观察到的生物可以提高我们对生物多样性的认识。展示所有观察结果的价值可以鼓励志愿者使他们的数据收集更具包容性。
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引用次数: 0
Human-elephant conflict hotspots in Assam: a rapid appraisal method 阿萨姆邦人象冲突热点:快速评估方法
IF 3.4 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2024-05-02 DOI: 10.1007/s10531-024-02858-1
Nazimur Rahman Talukdar, Parthankar Choudhury, Firoz Ahmad

In India, human-elephant conflict has been on the rise for the last few decades. The situation is worse in the state of Assam, where 5719 elephants are present, and the density of elephants is greater than that of other areas. Most of the elephant habitats in the state are fragmented or intermingled with human-used lands. As a result, human-elephant conflict (HEC) has been increasing in the state. Each year, an average of 80 elephants and 70 humans die in the state because of HEC. Most of these conflicts occur during the paddy harvesting season. At that time of year, the elephants come out from their habitats and take refuge in forest patches and tea gardens near agricultural fields and raid crops at night. Different methods have been adopted to identify conflict-affected areas, but none of the studies have tried to identify all the HEC-affected areas in the state. Here, we provide a rapid appraisal approach for identifying HEC hotspots in the state by using published news information as the primary source of data. A total of 216 villages were identified as HEC-affected areas in Assam. The identified areas can be used to understand site-specific problems and for HEC mitigation practices, as these areas are currently limited to only a few areas.

在印度,人象冲突在过去几十年中一直呈上升趋势。阿萨姆邦的情况更为严重,该邦有大象 5719 头,大象的密度高于其他地区。该邦的大部分大象栖息地都支离破碎,或与人类使用的土地混杂在一起。因此,该州的人象冲突(HEC)不断增加。每年,该州平均有 80 头大象和 70 人死于人象冲突。这些冲突大多发生在水稻收割季节。在每年的这个时候,大象会从它们的栖息地出来,在农田附近的林地和茶园中躲避,并在夜间袭击农作物。人们采用了不同的方法来确定受冲突影响的地区,但没有一项研究试图确定该州所有受冲突影响的地区。在此,我们提供了一种快速评估方法,利用发布的新闻信息作为主要数据来源,确定该州受冲突影响的热点地区。阿萨姆邦共有 216 个村庄被确定为受 HEC 影响的地区。由于这些地区目前仅限于少数几个地区,因此可利用所确定的地区来了解具体地点的问题,并采取减少受影响地区的做法。
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引用次数: 0
Avian functional diversity retained in a tropical rainforest fragment after more than 120 years of turnover 热带雨林片段经过 120 多年的更替后仍保留了鸟类功能多样性
IF 3.4 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2024-05-02 DOI: 10.1007/s10531-024-02855-4
Bing Wen LOW, Shelby Qi Wei WEE, Malcolm Chu Keong SOH, Kenneth Boon Hwee ER

Deforestation is linked to the increasing prevalence of small forest fragments worldwide and an associated loss in functional diversity. However, our long-term understanding on how biodiversity and functional roles respond in such isolated fragments is limited, especially in Southeast Asia. We compared the bird community in a small primary rainforest fragment in the Singapore Botanic Gardens, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, using historical records in 1898 and contemporary surveys conducted in 1998 and 2018–2021. Species composition was expectedly dissimilar between the 1898 and contemporary bird communities (50%), driven mostly by turnover (45.5%) rather than nestedness (4.5%). Despite the changes in community composition and species extirpations, both species richness and functional diversity were retained. Our results suggest that small forest fragments can form novel bird communities that are functionally similar to previous communities that inhabited the fragment, leading to the retention of functional diversity. Such functional redundancy may be encouraged through habitat restoration initiatives adjacent to fragmented forests.

森林砍伐与全球范围内小片森林日益普遍以及与之相关的功能多样性丧失有关。然而,我们对生物多样性和功能作用如何在这些孤立的森林片段中做出反应的长期了解是有限的,尤其是在东南亚。我们利用1898年的历史记录以及1998年和2018-2021年进行的当代调查,比较了联合国教科文组织世界遗产新加坡植物园内一个小型原始雨林片段中的鸟类群落。1898 年和当代鸟类群落的物种组成差异在意料之中(50%),主要由更替(45.5%)而非嵌套(4.5%)驱动。尽管群落组成发生了变化和物种灭绝,但物种丰富度和功能多样性都得到了保留。我们的研究结果表明,小森林片段可以形成新的鸟类群落,这些群落在功能上与以前栖息在片段中的群落相似,从而保留了功能多样性。这种功能冗余可以通过在破碎森林附近开展栖息地恢复活动来加以鼓励。
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引用次数: 0
Vulnerability assessment of Taxus wallichiana in the Indian Himalayan Region to future climate change using species niche models and global climate models under future climate scenarios 利用物种生态位模型和未来气候情景下的全球气候模型,评估印度喜马拉雅地区的 Taxus wallichiana 对未来气候变化的脆弱性
IF 3.4 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2024-05-02 DOI: 10.1007/s10531-024-02859-0
R. Tiwary, P. P. Singh, D. Adhikari, Mukund D. Behera, S. K. Barik

Climate change is a major threat to biodiversity as many species are facing the risk of extinction due to their inability to adapt to the changes in temperature, precipitation, and other environmental variables. The impact of climate change on the habitat distribution of Taxus wallichiana, a medicinally important endangered tree species, has not been studied specifically for the Indian Himalayan region (IHR). We assessed the vulnerability of the species to climate change using Ecological Niche Modeling (ENM) in conjunction with two latest global climate models (GCMs) viz., HadGEM3-GC31-LL and IPSL-CM6A-LR, under two future scenarios i.e. Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) - SSP126 and SSP585 from Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Sixth Assessment Report, 2023. Based on current distribution of the species and bioclimatic conditions., the Maxent-derived projections indicated significant reduction in its suitable habitat in IHR. Under the moderate scenario i.e. SSP126, suitable habitats are expected to decrease to 6,313,494 ha (10.62% of the total geographical area of IHR) with HadGEM3-GC31-LL and to 4,161,437 ha (7.00%) with IPSL-CM6A-LR from the present distribution area of 8,132,637 ha (13.68%). Under high-emission SSP585 scenario, the predicted habitat area is expected to decline to 4,833,212 ha (8.13%) with HadGEM3-GC31-LL and to 3,204,306 ha (5.39%) with IPSL-CM6A-LR.Annual mean temperature, isothermality, and annual precipitation were important environmental variables impacting the species distribution and models’ predictive capacity. The model outputs clearly predict a gloomy picture under both the future climate scenarios for T. wallichiana emphasizing the need for a targeted conservation effort for the species. .

气候变化是生物多样性面临的一大威胁,许多物种因无法适应温度、降水和其他环境变量的变化而面临灭绝的危险。气候变化对印度喜马拉雅地区(IHR)具有重要药用价值的濒危树种 Taxus wallichiana 的栖息地分布的影响尚未得到专门研究。我们利用生态位建模(ENM),结合两个最新的全球气候模型(GCMs),即 HadGEM3-GC31-LL 和 IPSL-CM6A-LR,在两种未来情景(即政府间气候变化专门委员会(IPCC)2023 年第六次评估报告中的共享社会经济路径(SSPs)--SSP126 和 SSP585)下,评估了该物种对气候变化的脆弱性。根据该物种目前的分布情况和生物气候条件,Maxent 的预测结果表明其在 IHR 的适宜栖息地大幅减少。在中度情景(即 SSP126)下,HadGEM3-GC31-LL 的适宜栖息地预计将从目前的 8,132,637 公顷(13.68%)减少到 6,313,494 公顷(占 IHR 地理总面积的 10.62%),IPSL-CM6A-LR 的适宜栖息地预计将减少到 4,161,437 公顷(7.00%)。年平均气温、等温线和年降水量是影响物种分布和模型预测能力的重要环境变量。模型输出结果清楚地预测了在两种未来气候情景下 T. wallichiana 的前景,强调了有针对性地保护该物种的必要性。.
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引用次数: 0
The importance of tree species identity and trait-based winter foraging ecology of bark-foraging bird species in a large Central European floodplain forest 中欧大型洪泛平原森林中树种特征的重要性以及树皮鸟类基于特征的冬季觅食生态学
IF 3.4 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2024-04-27 DOI: 10.1007/s10531-024-02852-7
Gabor Ónodi, Zoltán Botta-Dukát, Dániel Winkler, Christian H. Schulze

Beyond preferences for particular species of tree, bark-foraging birds are associated with various tree characteristics such as decay stage, trunk diameter, or bark roughness. Our objectives were to study the winter foraging ecology of different bark-foraging bird species in the highly diverse floodplain forests of Donau-Auen National Park (Austria) by examining the importance of tree species and characteristics. We used 'first-foraging' observations on the great spotted woodpecker (Dendrocopos major), middle spotted woodpecker (Leiopicus medius), Eurasian nuthatch (Sitta europaea), treecreepers (Certhia spp.), great tit (Parus major), Eurasian blue tit (Cyanistes caeruleus), and marsh tit (Poecile palustris). We examined bird-tree relationships with a bird-plant network approach, where we compared traits of trees and their preferences among avian species. The five most important tree species relative to distance-weighted fragmentation were European white elm (Ulmus laevis), pedunculate oak (Quercus robur), common ash (Fraxinus excelsior), and white and black poplar (Populus alba, P. nigra). Avian taxa differed only in the use of tree condition, where woodpeckers used decayed and dead trees more than tits. Most species preferred trees of larger trunk diameter with rougher bark. We suspect that changes in these highly diverse floodplain forest stands will eventually lead to changes in bark-foraging bird assemblages. For the protection of such highly diverse floodplain forests, conservation-based water management practices will be crucial to maintaining a sufficient groundwater table. Our findings also suggest that forest management practices should focus on more diverse commercial forest stands with a critical amount of secondary tree species, a variety of size classes, varying tree conditions, and species with different bark roughness classes.

除了对特定树种的偏好外,觅食树皮的鸟类还与各种树木特征有关,如腐烂期、树干直径或树皮粗糙度。我们的目的是通过研究树种和特征的重要性,研究奥地利多瑙河-奥恩国家公园高度多样化的洪泛平原森林中不同树皮觅食鸟类的冬季觅食生态。我们采用了 "首次觅食 "观察法,观察对象包括大斑啄木鸟(Dendrocopos major)、中斑啄木鸟(Leiopicus medius)、欧亚黄雀(Sitta europaea)、食树鸟(Certhia spp.)、大山雀(Parus major)、欧亚蓝山雀(Cyanistes caeruleus)和沼泽山雀(Poecile palustris)。我们采用鸟类-植物网络方法研究了鸟类与树木之间的关系,比较了树木的特征及其在鸟类物种中的偏好。相对于距离加权破碎度而言,最重要的五种树种是欧洲白榆(Ulmus laevis)、截干栎(Quercus robur)、普通白蜡(Fraxinus excelsior)以及白杨和黑杨(白杨、黑杨)。鸟类分类群仅在利用树木状况方面存在差异,啄木鸟比山雀更多利用腐烂和枯死的树木。大多数物种喜欢树干直径较大、树皮较粗糙的树木。我们认为,这些高度多样化的洪泛平原森林林分的变化最终将导致食树皮鸟类群落的变化。为了保护这些高度多样化的洪泛平原森林,以保护为基础的水资源管理措施对于维持足够的地下水位至关重要。我们的研究结果还表明,森林管理实践应侧重于更多样化的商业林分,其中应包含一定数量的次生树种、各种大小等级、不同的树木状况以及不同树皮粗糙度等级的树种。
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引用次数: 0
Hoist the colours: silviculture impacts fruit-feeding butterfly assemblage colouration in the Atlantic Forest 提升色彩:造林对大西洋森林果食蝶群色彩的影响
IF 3.4 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2024-04-27 DOI: 10.1007/s10531-024-02854-5
André Nogueira Thomas, Aline Richter, Ricardo Luís Spaniol, Milton de Souza Mendonça, Cristiano Agra Iserhard

Organismal colours have long captivated and inspired naturalists and scientists. Since colours depend on the life history of a species, it is expected that they respond to environmental changes, especially in an increasingly anthropized world. Aiming to evaluate how this trait responds to different anthropogenic disturbances, we assess wing colour aspects of fruit-feeding butterflies sampled in Atlantic Forest remnants. These remnants, with well-defined understory and canopy, are crossed by artificial edges and surround exotic pine silviculture areas of different ages, representing landscapes commonly found in the subtropical Atlantic Forest. We obtained colour measurements of brightness, saturation, contrast, colour diversity and heterogeneity, and the presence of eyespots and iridescence for dorsal and ventral wing surfaces of 47 fruit-feeding butterfly species. We evaluated colour trait distribution and abundance in the distinct native (understory and canopy) and anthropized (edge, old and young Pinus) habitats, and hypothesised that butterfly assemblage colouration will differ in each habitat due to biotic and abiotic differences. In addition, butterfly assemblages in anthropized environments should present less diverse colour traits due to the pressures generated by anthropogenic actions, like microclimate changes and higher exposure to predation. As expected, the natural environments have butterflies with diverse colours and unique contrast colour traits. These patterns are not found in anthropized ones despite artificial edges presenting brighter and even more diverse colours. However, pine silviculture areas present butterflies with less diverse colours, leading the most colourful species to disappear. We demonstrate that different anthropogenic disturbances can impact butterfly colouration. Our results reinforce the close relationship between butterfly colouration and the environment, highlighting that colours can be used as bioindicators for conservation purposes, representing a useful form of functional biodiversity.

长期以来,生物体的颜色一直吸引和启发着博物学家和科学家。由于颜色取决于一个物种的生活史,因此预计它们会对环境变化做出反应,尤其是在人类活动日益频繁的今天。为了评估这一特征如何对不同的人为干扰做出反应,我们对大西洋森林遗迹中以果实为食的蝴蝶的翅膀颜色进行了取样评估。这些残余森林具有清晰的林下和林冠,由人工边缘穿过,围绕着不同树龄的外来松树造林区,代表了亚热带大西洋森林中常见的景观。我们对 47 种以果实为食的蝴蝶的背翅和腹翅表面进行了色彩测量,包括亮度、饱和度、对比度、色彩多样性和异质性,以及是否存在眼斑和虹彩。我们评估了不同原生栖息地(林下和树冠)和人类化栖息地(边缘、老松树和幼松树)的色彩特征分布和丰度,并假设由于生物和非生物因素的差异,每种栖息地的蝴蝶群落色彩会有所不同。此外,由于人类活动产生的压力,如微气候变化和更高的捕食风险,人类活动环境中的蝴蝶群落应呈现出较少的多样性色彩特征。不出所料,自然环境中的蝴蝶具有多样的颜色和独特的对比色特征。尽管人造边缘呈现出更鲜艳、甚至更多样的色彩,但在人为环境中却找不到这些模式。然而,在松树造林区,蝴蝶的色彩多样性较少,导致色彩最丰富的物种消失。我们证明,不同的人为干扰会影响蝴蝶的色彩。我们的研究结果加强了蝴蝶颜色与环境之间的密切关系,强调了颜色可以作为保护目的的生物指标,代表了功能性生物多样性的一种有用形式。
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引用次数: 0
The importance of native shrubs on the distribution and diversity of reptiles and amphibians in the central drylands of Southwestern USA. 本土灌木对美国西南部中部干旱地区爬行动物和两栖动物的分布和多样性的重要性。
IF 3.4 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2024-04-26 DOI: 10.1007/s10531-024-02851-8
Ethan Owen, Mario Zuliani, Marina Goldgisser, CJ Lortie

Conservation and management of drylands is a global challenge. Key attributes of these ecosystems, such as dominant vegetation including shrubs, can provide a crucial mechanism to inform conservation strategies. The shrub species Ephedra californica and Larrea tridentata are common native shrub species within the deserts of California and frequently benefit other plant and animal species. Here, we tested the hypothesis that shrubs support reptile and amphibian communities through relative increases in available habitat, estimated through increasing shrub densities at the site level. Reported occurrence data from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) and high-resolution satellite images were used to test for local-to-regional patterns in reptile and amphibian distribution and diversity by shrub densities at sites. At 43 distinct sites, the relationship between shrub density and reported reptile and amphibian communities was also tested. A total of 71 reptile and amphibian species were reported regionally. Increases in shrub density across sites positively influenced the relative abundance and richness of reptiles and amphibians observed. Moreover, increasing shrub density also had a positive influence on species evenness. Aridity differences between sites did not significantly influence the relationship between shrub density and reptiles and amphibians suggesting that the relationship was robust. This study highlights the importance of foundational shrub species in supporting reptile and amphibian communities in arid and semi-arid regions. Large-scale patterns of biodiversity in deserts can be supported by positive plant-animal interactions including small islands of fertility and resources for animals in the context of a warming climate.

旱地的保护和管理是一项全球性挑战。这些生态系统的关键属性,如包括灌木在内的主要植被,可以为保护战略提供重要的参考机制。灌木物种加州麻黄属(Ephedra californica)和拉瑞亚三叉戟属(Larrea tridentata)是加利福尼亚沙漠中常见的本地灌木物种,经常为其他动植物物种带来益处。在这里,我们测试了灌木通过相对增加可用栖息地来支持爬行动物和两栖动物群落的假设。我们利用全球生物多样性信息基金(GBIF)的报告发生数据和高分辨率卫星图像,通过灌木密度测试了爬行动物和两栖动物在不同地点的分布和多样性的地方到区域模式。在 43 个不同地点,还测试了灌木密度与报告的爬行动物和两栖动物群落之间的关系。该地区共报告了 71 种爬行动物和两栖动物。不同地点灌木密度的增加对所观察到的爬行动物和两栖动物的相对丰度和丰富度产生了积极影响。此外,灌木密度的增加对物种均匀度也有积极影响。不同地点之间的湿度差异对灌木密度与爬行动物和两栖动物之间的关系没有显著影响,这表明两者之间的关系是稳固的。这项研究强调了基础灌木物种在支持干旱和半干旱地区爬行动物和两栖动物群落方面的重要性。在气候变暖的背景下,植物与动物之间的良性互动(包括为动物提供肥力和资源的小岛)可以支持沙漠中大规模的生物多样性模式。
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引用次数: 0
Mixed responses of ant communities to the eradication of black rats and iceplants on a small Mediterranean island 地中海小岛上蚂蚁群落对消灭黑鼠和冰草的混合反应
IF 3.4 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2024-04-26 DOI: 10.1007/s10531-024-02838-5
Romane Blaya, Olivier Blight, Sébastien Aurelle, Julie Braschi, Laurence Berville, Philippe Ponel, Elise Buisson

Eradication of invasive alien species (IAS) is often proposed to restore invaded ecosystems, with information on subsequent ecosystem recovery key to conservation policies. Although ants perform major ecological functions in the ecosystem, their response to IAS eradication has received relatively little monitoring. This study investigated ant response to iceplant (Carpobrotus spp.) and black rat (Rattus rattus) eradications on the small Mediterranean island of Bagaud (Var, France). Ant communities were monitored over a ten-year period, including two years before eradications, at six different sites: two invaded by iceplants, two under high rat pressure, and two native vegetation sites without intervention. We found inter-annual variations in ant communities but no before-after eradication trend at both native vegetation and rat eradication sites. However, there was a clear increase in ant species richness and abundance score after the iceplant eradication. A core of common Mediterranean species, including Pheidole pallidula, Messor bouvieri, and Plagiolepis pygmaea, increased their foraging activity after the removal. As xerophilous and thermophilous species they would benefit from the return of native vegetation with possibly warmer and dryer microclimatic conditions, but also from habitat and resource diversification. The trend was even stronger on the denser and thicker iceplant eradication patch. Our results emphasize the relevance of implementing ant monitoring to evaluate the effectiveness of such restoration and conservation strategies.

消灭外来入侵物种(IAS)通常是为了恢复被入侵的生态系统,而随后生态系统恢复的信息是保护政策的关键。虽然蚂蚁在生态系统中发挥着重要的生态功能,但它们对消灭外来入侵物种的反应却很少受到监测。本研究调查了地中海小岛巴古德(法国瓦尔省)上的蚂蚁对冰草(Carpobrotus spp.)和黑鼠(Rattus rattus)根除的反应。我们对六个不同地点的蚂蚁群落进行了长达十年的监测,其中包括根除前的两年:两个被冰草入侵的地点、两个鼠害压力较大的地点以及两个未受干预的原生植被地点。我们发现蚂蚁群落的年际变化,但在原生植被和灭鼠地点都没有发现灭鼠前后的趋势。然而,在根除冰草后,蚂蚁物种丰富度和丰度得分明显增加。移除冰草后,一些常见的地中海蚂蚁物种,包括 Pheidole pallidula、Messor bouvieri 和 Plagiolepis pygmaea 的觅食活动有所增加。作为嗜旱和嗜热物种,它们将受益于原生植被的恢复,微气候条件可能更加温暖干燥,同时也受益于栖息地和资源的多样化。在密度更大、更厚的冰植铲除区,这种趋势更加明显。我们的研究结果强调了实施蚂蚁监测以评估此类恢复和保护策略的有效性的重要性。
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Biodiversity and Conservation
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