Using data from the Dutch cohort study Generation R (N = 1,523), we investigate to what extent the association between father involvement and toddler's behavioral and emotional problems varies by child's gender. This research addresses important limitations in prior work by (a) differentiating between different father involvement tasks, (b) incorporating a diverse set of behavioral and emotional problems, and (c) using a prospective design to answer our research question. Our findings reveal that the negative association between father involvement and toddler's behavioral and emotional problems only holds for boys, and mainly for behavioral problems. The results showed that it is fathers' relatively stronger involvement in tasks labeled as "responsibility" which contributed to toddlers' lower levels of behavioral problems.
{"title":"A Prospective Study on Father Involvement and Toddlers' Behavioral and Emotional Problems: Are Sons and Daughters Differentially Affected?","authors":"R. Keizer, N. Lucassen, V. Jaddoe, H. Tiemeier","doi":"10.3149/FTH.1201.38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3149/FTH.1201.38","url":null,"abstract":"Using data from the Dutch cohort study Generation R (N = 1,523), we investigate to what extent the association between father involvement and toddler's behavioral and emotional problems varies by child's gender. This research addresses important limitations in prior work by (a) differentiating between different father involvement tasks, (b) incorporating a diverse set of behavioral and emotional problems, and (c) using a prospective design to answer our research question. Our findings reveal that the negative association between father involvement and toddler's behavioral and emotional problems only holds for boys, and mainly for behavioral problems. The results showed that it is fathers' relatively stronger involvement in tasks labeled as \"responsibility\" which contributed to toddlers' lower levels of behavioral problems.","PeriodicalId":88482,"journal":{"name":"Fathering","volume":"150 1","pages":"38-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76414068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Interacting with infants changes affect and hormones in adult men; do these interactions and their effects also influence aggressive responding? In the present study, we tested 96 men in the Michigan Infant Nurturance Simulation Paradigm (MINSP) using a simulated infant (SI). Men provided saliva samples and responded to baseline questionnaires about health and affect, and then engaged in one of four randomly assigned conditions: neutral, audio cries (taped from infants), SI-R (responsive: (where the SI could be nurtured in ways that ended its crying), and SIN (nonresponsive: where the SI could be nurtured, but its crying could not be ended). After this, they viewed a neutral film video as a time filler, and then engaged in an aggressive responding task. Our results showed that hearing audio cries increased testosterone relative to baseline and the other conditions, and that the SI conditions increased negative affect relative to the other conditions. We found that the audio cries condition elicited more aggressive responding than the other conditions, but only marginally so. However, the hormonal changes were not associated with different patterns of aggressive responding. Results are discussed in light of biopsyschosocial pathways from nurturant and challenging infant interactions to psychological, hormonal, and behavioral outcomes.
{"title":"Examining How Infant Interactions Influence Men’s Hormones, Affect, and Aggression Using the Michigan Infant Nurturance Simulation Paradigm","authors":"S. Anders, R. Tolman, Gayatri Jainagaraj","doi":"10.3149/FTH.1202.143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3149/FTH.1202.143","url":null,"abstract":"Interacting with infants changes affect and hormones in adult men; do these interactions and their effects also influence aggressive responding? In the present study, we tested 96 men in the Michigan Infant Nurturance Simulation Paradigm (MINSP) using a simulated infant (SI). Men provided saliva samples and responded to baseline questionnaires about health and affect, and then engaged in one of four randomly assigned conditions: neutral, audio cries (taped from infants), SI-R (responsive: (where the SI could be nurtured in ways that ended its crying), and SIN (nonresponsive: where the SI could be nurtured, but its crying could not be ended). After this, they viewed a neutral film video as a time filler, and then engaged in an aggressive responding task. Our results showed that hearing audio cries increased testosterone relative to baseline and the other conditions, and that the SI conditions increased negative affect relative to the other conditions. We found that the audio cries condition elicited more aggressive responding than the other conditions, but only marginally so. However, the hormonal changes were not associated with different patterns of aggressive responding. Results are discussed in light of biopsyschosocial pathways from nurturant and challenging infant interactions to psychological, hormonal, and behavioral outcomes.","PeriodicalId":88482,"journal":{"name":"Fathering","volume":"1 1","pages":"143-160"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75618531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this study was to apply Gee’s theory and method for discourse analysis to arrive at a theory of how unwed, adolescent fathers of Mexican origin talk about fatherhood and how fatherhood discourses reveal aims to attain self-defined social goods, including power, status, and recognition. Face-to-face, semi-structured interviews were conducted with seven participants who were unwed biological fathers of one or more children, 18 or 19 years old, identified as being of Mexican origin and spoke either English or Spanish. Interview data were analyzed using Gee’s 42 questions for discourse analysis. Findings contribute to the literature on biological father absence, fragile families and child wellbeing, and teenage pregnancy from the adolescent father’s perspective.
{"title":"The talk of unwed adolescent fathers of Mexican origin: A discourse analysis","authors":"J. Jaime","doi":"10.3149/FTH.1303.271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3149/FTH.1303.271","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to apply Gee’s theory and method for discourse analysis to arrive at a theory of how unwed, adolescent fathers of Mexican origin talk about fatherhood and how fatherhood discourses reveal aims to attain self-defined social goods, including power, status, and recognition. Face-to-face, semi-structured interviews were conducted with seven participants who were unwed biological fathers of one or more children, 18 or 19 years old, identified as being of Mexican origin and spoke either English or Spanish. Interview data were analyzed using Gee’s 42 questions for discourse analysis. Findings contribute to the literature on biological father absence, fragile families and child wellbeing, and teenage pregnancy from the adolescent father’s perspective.","PeriodicalId":88482,"journal":{"name":"Fathering","volume":"76 1","pages":"271-288"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84041273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tova B. Walsh, R. Tolman, R. N. Davis, C. Palladino, Vivian Romero, Vijay P. Singh
Expectant fathers in the U.S. frequently accompany their partner to a prenatal ultrasound, yet little is known about how fathers experience ultrasound attendance. This is an important knowledge gap because studies have shown strong and consistent associations between a father’s prenatal and postnatal involvement, and efforts to actively engage fathers at ultrasound may have longitudinal impact. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 22 fathers after ultrasound, analyzed data using principles of grounded theory, and built a conceptual model of how fathers experience ultrasound. Results suggest that ultrasound attendance contributes to paternal feelings of connection to the unborn baby and motivation to change behavior. Ultrasound appointments may offer an opportunity to engage men to promote positive partnering and parenting across the lifespan.
{"title":"Moving Up the “Magic Moment”: Fathers’ Experience of Prenatal Ultrasound","authors":"Tova B. Walsh, R. Tolman, R. N. Davis, C. Palladino, Vivian Romero, Vijay P. Singh","doi":"10.3149/FTH.1201.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3149/FTH.1201.18","url":null,"abstract":"Expectant fathers in the U.S. frequently accompany their partner to a prenatal ultrasound, yet little is known about how fathers experience ultrasound attendance. This is an important knowledge gap because studies have shown strong and consistent associations between a father’s prenatal and postnatal involvement, and efforts to actively engage fathers at ultrasound may have longitudinal impact. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 22 fathers after ultrasound, analyzed data using principles of grounded theory, and built a conceptual model of how fathers experience ultrasound. Results suggest that ultrasound attendance contributes to paternal feelings of connection to the unborn baby and motivation to change behavior. Ultrasound appointments may offer an opportunity to engage men to promote positive partnering and parenting across the lifespan.","PeriodicalId":88482,"journal":{"name":"Fathering","volume":"40 1","pages":"18-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86767678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The transition to first-time fatherhood has been shown to be a stressful time for men and social support is a factor that influences this experience. Research on first-time fathers’ experiences with formal support, such as programmatic efforts like childbirth classes and family education, is limited. This qualitative study explores firsttime fathers’ experiences with formal support, using data from focus groups with fathers and women with whom they co-parent, as well as community consultations with professionals who serve expectant and new parents. The findings indicated there is value in and benefits from formal support and at the same time there are limits in the current forms available for men. Suggestions are made to expand and tailor first-time fathers’ formal support opportunities.
{"title":"First-time Fathers’ Experiences of and Desires for Formal Support: A Multiple Lens Perspective","authors":"Juliana Carlson, J. Edleson, Ericka Kimball","doi":"10.3149/FTH.1203.242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3149/FTH.1203.242","url":null,"abstract":"The transition to first-time fatherhood has been shown to be a stressful time for men and social support is a factor that influences this experience. Research on first-time fathers’ experiences with formal support, such as programmatic efforts like childbirth classes and family education, is limited. This qualitative study explores firsttime fathers’ experiences with formal support, using data from focus groups with fathers and women with whom they co-parent, as well as community consultations with professionals who serve expectant and new parents. The findings indicated there is value in and benefits from formal support and at the same time there are limits in the current forms available for men. Suggestions are made to expand and tailor first-time fathers’ formal support opportunities.","PeriodicalId":88482,"journal":{"name":"Fathering","volume":"1 1","pages":"242-261"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82914268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The lived experience of recently incarcerated fathers and their perception of the impact of incarceration on their relationship with their daughters were explored in this phenomenological study. Thirteen fathers living in transitional housing following incarceration were interviewed about their relationship with their eldest daughter under the age of 18 years. The framework of the study was primarily guided by Moustakas’s Phenomenological Transcendental approach to gain a deeper and more comprehensive understanding of fathers’ experiences through their attitudes, recollections, feelings and perceptions regarding this relationship. Findings reflected fathers reevaluating relationships with women after the birth of their daughters, decision-making about whether to contact their daughters during incarceration and reentry, identifying as their daughters’ protector, recognizing that their incarceration affected their daughters, and experiencing both optimism and apprehensiveness in reconnecting with their daughters during the reentry process. The study shows the need for more research and clinical practice on the special dynamics of father-daughter relationships when a man has been incarcerated.
{"title":"“She’s My Baby”: How Recently Incarcerated Fathers Experience Their Relationship with Their Daughters","authors":"Holli M. Kelly-Trombley, D. Bartels, E. Wieling","doi":"10.3149/FTH.1201.94","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3149/FTH.1201.94","url":null,"abstract":"The lived experience of recently incarcerated fathers and their perception of the impact of incarceration on their relationship with their daughters were explored in this phenomenological study. Thirteen fathers living in transitional housing following incarceration were interviewed about their relationship with their eldest daughter under the age of 18 years. The framework of the study was primarily guided by Moustakas’s Phenomenological Transcendental approach to gain a deeper and more comprehensive understanding of fathers’ experiences through their attitudes, recollections, feelings and perceptions regarding this relationship. Findings reflected fathers reevaluating relationships with women after the birth of their daughters, decision-making about whether to contact their daughters during incarceration and reentry, identifying as their daughters’ protector, recognizing that their incarceration affected their daughters, and experiencing both optimism and apprehensiveness in reconnecting with their daughters during the reentry process. The study shows the need for more research and clinical practice on the special dynamics of father-daughter relationships when a man has been incarcerated.","PeriodicalId":88482,"journal":{"name":"Fathering","volume":"80 1","pages":"94-114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79690508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
W. Goldberg, Edwin T. Tan, C. R. Davis, M. Easterbrooks
Personal, relational, and contextual characteristics were examined to explain paternal involvement by an ethnically diverse sample of young men at-risk for poor parenting due to psychosocial factors. Ninety-one young fathers (M= 21.6 years) of young children (M = 17.1 months) participated at Time 1; 64 were in the longitudinal sample. Half did not have a high school education; incomes were working poor levels or below. Data were collected at two time points 8 months apart through interviews and questionnaires administered in the participants’ homes. Level of paternal cognitions was the strongest predictor of father involvement. Fathers reported that job/school was often a barrier to involvement; the children’s mothers were seen as gatekeepers or gateopeners and own mothers were seen as facilitators of involvement.
{"title":"What Predicts Parental Involvement by Young Fathers at Psychosocial Risk","authors":"W. Goldberg, Edwin T. Tan, C. R. Davis, M. Easterbrooks","doi":"10.3149/FTH.1103.280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3149/FTH.1103.280","url":null,"abstract":"Personal, relational, and contextual characteristics were examined to explain paternal involvement by an ethnically diverse sample of young men at-risk for poor parenting due to psychosocial factors. Ninety-one young fathers (M= 21.6 years) of young children (M = 17.1 months) participated at Time 1; 64 were in the longitudinal sample. Half did not have a high school education; incomes were working poor levels or below. Data were collected at two time points 8 months apart through interviews and questionnaires administered in the participants’ homes. Level of paternal cognitions was the strongest predictor of father involvement. Fathers reported that job/school was often a barrier to involvement; the children’s mothers were seen as gatekeepers or gateopeners and own mothers were seen as facilitators of involvement.","PeriodicalId":88482,"journal":{"name":"Fathering","volume":"11 1","pages":"280-291"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3149/FTH.1103.280","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69847055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Studies of incarcerated men frequently describe their incapacitation as fathers. This phenomenological study challenges the notion that fathering must necessarily go dormant in prison. It provides a sensitive look at the lived experiences of one particular father who has maintained contact with his daughter over the past 18 years of his incarceration. By carefully disclosing his daughter’s presence (real and imagined) in his day to day ‘doing time’ in prison, the study explores how temporalities—the experience of presences, pasts, futures, etc.—are essential structures in the decidedly non-dormant being of fathers, and profoundly shape the way prisoners orient toward or away from life, hope, and despair. Implications for prison-based parenting and family literacy projects are discussed.
{"title":"LOOKING UP: THE TEMPORAL HORIZONS OF A FATHER IN PRISON","authors":"William R. Muth, G. Walker","doi":"10.3149/FTH.1103.292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3149/FTH.1103.292","url":null,"abstract":"Studies of incarcerated men frequently describe their incapacitation as fathers. This phenomenological study challenges the notion that fathering must necessarily go dormant in prison. It provides a sensitive look at the lived experiences of one particular father who has maintained contact with his daughter over the past 18 years of his incarceration. By carefully disclosing his daughter’s presence (real and imagined) in his day to day ‘doing time’ in prison, the study explores how temporalities—the experience of presences, pasts, futures, etc.—are essential structures in the decidedly non-dormant being of fathers, and profoundly shape the way prisoners orient toward or away from life, hope, and despair. Implications for prison-based parenting and family literacy projects are discussed.","PeriodicalId":88482,"journal":{"name":"Fathering","volume":"11 1","pages":"292-305"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3149/FTH.1103.292","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69847213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Demographers have historically studied fertility with reference to female populations. As bearers and prime nurturers of children, women have been more reliable sources of data, and their lives are more strongly impacted by parenthood. Greater concern with men’s role in fertility decision-making and child socialization has, however, lately focused more attention on measuring male fertility. This paper estimates age-specific and total paternity rates for Australia during 1976-2010. Australia has long published ages of fathers for marital births, but from 1976, with cohabitation proliferating, also began publishing them for non-marital births where paternity was acknowledged. The methodology developed here estimates annual paternal age distributions for non-marital births where paternity was not acknowledged, enabling age-specific and total paternity rates to be estimated and compared with female fertility rates.
{"title":"ESTIMATING PATERNITY IN AUSTRALIA, 1976-2010","authors":"G. Carmichael","doi":"10.3149/FTH.1103.256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3149/FTH.1103.256","url":null,"abstract":"Demographers have historically studied fertility with reference to female populations. As bearers and prime nurturers of children, women have been more reliable sources of data, and their lives are more strongly impacted by parenthood. Greater concern with men’s role in fertility decision-making and child socialization has, however, lately focused more attention on measuring male fertility. This paper estimates age-specific and total paternity rates for Australia during 1976-2010. Australia has long published ages of fathers for marital births, but from 1976, with cohabitation proliferating, also began publishing them for non-marital births where paternity was acknowledged. The methodology developed here estimates annual paternal age distributions for non-marital births where paternity was not acknowledged, enabling age-specific and total paternity rates to be estimated and compared with female fertility rates.","PeriodicalId":88482,"journal":{"name":"Fathering","volume":"28 1","pages":"256-279"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78191233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Research increasingly indicates that father involvement during pregnancy influences outcomes for mothers, fathers, and children. However, little is known about what factors are associated with prenatal involvement. Here, the idea of fathers’ possible selves was used to guide an investigation of the importance fathers assign to becoming a parent and mothers’ expectations of father competence, and their individual and interactive associations with father reports of prenatal involvement. Neither variable was associated with prenatal involvement individually, but the interaction term was significant. When mothers viewed fathers as competent parents, fathers were uniformly highly involved. However, when mothers reported low levels of perceived father competence, then the level of prenatal involvement was significantly associated with fathering importance. Findings are discussed in terms of the need for dyadic research as well as their implications for interventions.
{"title":"POSSIBLE SELVES AND PRENATAL FATHER INVOLVEMENT","authors":"K. Adamsons","doi":"10.3149/FTH.1103.245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3149/FTH.1103.245","url":null,"abstract":"Research increasingly indicates that father involvement during pregnancy influences outcomes for mothers, fathers, and children. However, little is known about what factors are associated with prenatal involvement. Here, the idea of fathers’ possible selves was used to guide an investigation of the importance fathers assign to becoming a parent and mothers’ expectations of father competence, and their individual and interactive associations with father reports of prenatal involvement. Neither variable was associated with prenatal involvement individually, but the interaction term was significant. When mothers viewed fathers as competent parents, fathers were uniformly highly involved. However, when mothers reported low levels of perceived father competence, then the level of prenatal involvement was significantly associated with fathering importance. Findings are discussed in terms of the need for dyadic research as well as their implications for interventions.","PeriodicalId":88482,"journal":{"name":"Fathering","volume":"11 1","pages":"245-255"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3149/FTH.1103.245","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69847393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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