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Identifying the drawbacks of joint patents: An evaluation of IPR sharing in R&D alliances in Biotechnology Firms in Singapore 联合专利的弊端:对新加坡生物技术公司研发联盟中知识产权共享的评价
Pub Date : 2023-02-02 DOI: 10.5912/jcb1528
Dr. Muhammad Haseeb, Dr. Nira Hariyatie Hartani
R&D alliances in the biotechnology industry have always been common in order to fulfill the demands and needs of the involved parties to carry out their innovation processes. The increasing trend of R&D alliances in the biotechnology industry in Singapore has also promoted IPR sharing in R&D alliances. This mechanism has promoted the concept of joint patents in this regard. Thus, the present study focused on the drawbacks of joint patents in R&D alliances in biotech firms in Singapore. For this purpose, semi-structured interviews were conducted with five employers from different biotech firms in Singapore. The collected data was then analyzed using NVivo software, and project map and tree maps were formulated for each research objective. The results obtained from this study showed that R&D alliances are effective in improving the financial and innovation performance of biotechnology firms. It has also been observed that IPR sharing in these alliances is effective in promoting technology and knowledge transfer. However, various drawbacks of joint patents were also observed, including financial issues, technology-related issues, and legal issues.
在生物技术产业中,为了满足相关方的创新需求,研发联盟一直是常见的。新加坡生物技术产业研发联盟的增加趋势也促进了研发联盟的知识产权共享。这一机制在这方面促进了共同专利的概念。因此,本研究聚焦于新加坡生物技术公司研发联盟中联合专利的弊端。为此,我们对来自新加坡不同生物技术公司的五位雇主进行了半结构化访谈。然后使用NVivo软件对收集到的数据进行分析,并为每个研究目标制定项目图和树状图。研究结果表明,研发联盟对生物技术企业的财务绩效和创新绩效有显著的提升作用。人们还观察到,在这些联盟中分享知识产权对促进技术和知识转移有效。然而,联合专利的各种弊端也被观察到,包括财务问题、技术相关问题和法律问题。
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引用次数: 0
Understanding Regulatory Requirements and Registration Practices for Medical Devices in Germany: Perspectives of Industrial Experts 了解德国医疗器械的监管要求和注册实践:行业专家的观点
Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.5912/jcb1527
Leonie Levin
The medical device industry in Germany is advanced and innovative. Moreover, it stands at the third position in the world in terms of volume and quality of medical device production in a year, as well as annual revenue generation from the industry. However, there is a lack of understanding regarding the regulatory requirements and registration practices that can be used by new entrants in the market for medical devices in Germany. Therefore, the current study aimed to analyze these processes from the perspective of industrial experts. The researcher conducted semi-structured interviews with five biotechnologists and five legislative managers working within the biotech industry in Germany. The findings include a discussion regarding regulatory requirements, the importance of regulatory practices, innovation in the medical device industry, and the registration practices for medical devices in Germany. In the future, there is a need to conduct any empirical and statistical analysis regarding the impact of regulatory requirements and practices, innovation, funding, and research and development on the success of the medical device industry in Germany.
德国的医疗器械行业具有先进性和创新性。此外,就每年生产的医疗器械的数量和质量以及该行业的年度收入而言,它在世界上排名第三。然而,对于德国医疗器械市场新进入者可以使用的监管要求和注册做法缺乏了解。因此,本研究旨在从产业专家的角度来分析这些过程。研究人员对在德国生物技术行业工作的五名生物技术专家和五名立法管理人员进行了半结构化采访。调查结果包括关于监管要求的讨论,监管实践的重要性,医疗器械行业的创新,以及德国医疗器械的注册实践。在未来,有必要对监管要求和实践、创新、资金和研发对德国医疗器械行业成功的影响进行任何实证和统计分析。
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引用次数: 0
Research on APP development and design for personalized bio-health management from the perspective of digital health 数字健康视角下的个性化生物健康管理APP开发与设计研究
Pub Date : 2023-01-13 DOI: 10.5912/jcb1293
Lin Shunmei
Based on how to utilize Internet technology and digital media technology to optimize the allocation of medical resources and improve patients' rehabilitation experience in the digital era of rapid development today, this paper designs and develops an APP for people admitted to hospitals to provide efficient and high-quality services in personalized health management, rehabilitation, nursing, and follow-up. It takes full advantage of the zero marginal cost of digital health platforms, network effect, and scale economy and provides a new way and thinking for digital technology to serve the medical industry.
本文针对在数字化高速发展的今天,如何利用互联网技术和数字媒体技术优化医疗资源配置,提高患者康复体验,设计并开发了一款面向住院患者的APP,在个性化健康管理、康复、护理、随访等方面提供高效、优质的服务。它充分发挥了数字健康平台零边际成本、网络效应、规模经济的优势,为数字技术服务医疗行业提供了新的方式和思路。
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引用次数: 0
Role Played by Innovativeness of Biotechnology Firms in Firm Growth: Identifying the Moderating Roles of Top Management Support and Team Innovation Orientation 生物技术企业创新性在企业成长中的作用:高层管理支持和团队创新导向的调节作用
Pub Date : 2023-01-06 DOI: 10.5912/jcb1525
Peter Marra, Wang Meng
Research has stated that innovativeness is a key element in biotechnology firms where support from the top management (TMS) and team innovation orientation (TMI) shape the development of the innovative process in the firms. The current study explores biotechnology firms’ (INN) innovativeness in firm growth (FG) in Malaysia. The study included and empirically tested two moderators, the role of TMS and TMI. Questionnaires were used to obtain a sample of 125 biotechnology firms. A survey was dispensed to three to four employees with three or more years of experience in managerial positions. A sample of 215 complete responses was utilized for SEM analysis. The findings revealed that innovativeness in biotechnology firms in Malaysia has a significant link in boosting FG. TMS moderates the association between INN and FG, whereas TMI is insignificant.  The study has presented findings that confirm the importance of the innovativeness of biotechnology firms. It establishes the role of TMS in strengthening the correlation between innovation and firm growth.
研究表明,创新性是生物技术公司的一个关键因素,最高管理层(TMS)和团队创新导向(TMI)的支持决定了公司创新过程的发展。目前的研究探讨了马来西亚生物技术公司在公司成长中的创新性。该研究包括并实证检验了两个调节因子,TMS和TMI的作用。调查问卷用于获得125家生物技术公司的样本。对三到四名具有三年或三年以上管理经验的员工进行了调查。215个完整响应的样本被用于SEM分析。研究结果表明,马来西亚生物技术公司的创新能力在促进FG方面有着重要的联系。TMS调节了INN和FG之间的联系,而TMI则无关紧要。这项研究的结果证实了生物技术公司创新的重要性。它确立了TMS在加强创新与企业增长之间的相关性方面的作用。
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引用次数: 0
An Empirical Study On Vietnam’s Participation in The Global Agricultural Value Chain 越南参与全球农业价值链的实证研究
Pub Date : 2022-12-11 DOI: 10.5912/jcb1352
Linh Nguyen Thi Phuong, Huong Vu Thanh
Agriculture is one of the vital economic sectors in the economic development of Vietnam. Using two datasets from UNCTAD's MRIO database, the paper aims to assess Vietnam’s participation in the global agricultural value chain in 2010-2017 and compare it with ASEAN-5 countries’ participation by calculating backward linkage, forward linkage, position, and participation index. Research results show that Vietnam is moving towards the upstream place and the country’s level of participation tends to increase mainly due to forward linkage participation. There is more diversification in the agricultural export markets but a high concentration of the import markets in Asia. While some commodity groups such as forestry, pocks, sugarcane, rubber, and paddy have more advantages when participating in the global value chain, other groups such as fishery, poultry, cow, and tea have faced passive participation. In comparison with ASEAN-5 countries, Vietnam's participation index is relatively high, but its position index lags. The paper ends by providing some policy implications for Vietnam to improve its participation in the agricultural global value chain, focusing on taking advantage of free trade agreements, applying advanced technologies in agriculture, strengthening brand names for agricultural products, and improving the quality of logistics services.
农业是越南经济发展的重要经济部门之一。利用贸发会议MRIO数据库中的两个数据集,本文旨在评估2010-2017年越南在全球农业价值链中的参与情况,并通过计算后向联系、前向联系、地位和参与指数将其与东盟五国的参与情况进行比较。研究结果表明,越南正朝着上游的方向发展,该国的参与水平趋于提高,主要是由于正向联动参与。农业出口市场更加多样化,但进口市场高度集中在亚洲。虽然林业、麻点、甘蔗、橡胶和水稻等一些商品群体在参与全球价值链时更有优势,但渔业、家禽、奶牛和茶叶等其他群体则面临被动参与。与东盟五国相比,越南的参与指数相对较高,但地位指数滞后。文章最后为越南提高其在农业全球价值链中的参与度提供了一些政策启示,重点是利用自由贸易协定,在农业中应用先进技术,加强农产品品牌,提高物流服务质量。
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引用次数: 0
Digital Transformation In Biotech: The Competitive Advantage In Biotech Companies 生物技术的数字化转型:生物技术公司的竞争优势
Pub Date : 2022-12-11 DOI: 10.5912/jcb1329
Yang Weibo
Digital transformation in biotech is the competitive advantage in the biotech industry. It has made life easier for them and their customers, bringing efficiency to all levels of the company and collecting data, product quality, and predictability to all sectors of life. It’s been argued over many years that a lack of vision led to a lack of competitiveness in this industry. The old ways were bearing fruit; these days gone by, there is a need for new strategies where large pharmaceutical companies are struggling with their market share going down while small biotech firms are growing exponentially. The future is data and digital transformation. Digital transformation in biotech is a massive trend that has affected the lives of all humans.  Even though, it’s a new concept in this industry, that has no official definition yet. Hence, it’s been heavily debated over many years by many scholars and companies on how to define digital transformation in biotech. Digital technologies are changing the way we work and interact with. Digitization of the pharmaceutical industry is one of the biggest challenges for drug firms, who have to deal with the onslaught of pressures from cost-conscious consumers who, along with lawmakers, are chasing incontrovertible evidence of benefits from drug side effects and cost savings from data-driven healthcare.
生物技术的数字化转型是生物技术行业的竞争优势。它让他们和他们的客户的生活更轻松,为公司的各个层面带来了效率,并为生活的各个部门收集数据、产品质量和可预测性。多年来,人们一直认为,缺乏远见会导致这个行业缺乏竞争力。旧的方式正在结出果实;这些天过去了,人们需要新的战略,大型制药公司正在努力应对市场份额下降的问题,而小型生物技术公司正在呈指数级增长。未来是数据和数字化转型。生物技术的数字化转型是一个巨大的趋势,已经影响到所有人类的生活。尽管这是这个行业的一个新概念,但还没有官方定义。因此,多年来,许多学者和公司就如何定义生物技术的数字化转型进行了激烈的辩论。数字技术正在改变我们的工作方式和互动方式。制药行业的数字化是制药公司面临的最大挑战之一,他们必须应对有成本意识的消费者的压力,这些消费者和立法者正在寻找无可争议的证据,证明药物副作用的好处和数据驱动的医疗保健的成本节约。
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引用次数: 0
The QUICK SCREEN in Action: Project, Product, or Platform Case Examples 快速屏幕在行动:项目、产品或平台案例示例
Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.5912/jcb1280
J. M. York, Dennis Abremski, Emily Aboujaoude, Arun Muthirulan, Elke Lipka, Krishna Patel, Natali Jouzi, Yongchan Lee, Vineet Pradhan, Polly Luo, Alexis Mingey, Lexa Molinari, Michael Toscani
Assessing innovative technologies and venture opportunities in the biopharma-life science space involves a complicated effort. However, should it be? This question is especially relevant when screening new opportunities. This paper addresses how established firms can quickly and efficiently assess new biomedical-life science ventures of different maturity (development and commercial) levels. Boni’s (2012, 2019) “quick screen” and metaphorical “3 Ps” (project, product, platform) provide a practical framework to examine new biopharma-life science ventures (assets). Boni’s works (2012, 2019) frame these elements. They intend to provide a framework to complement case studies for use separately in a workshop or “boot camp” format. Our present effort includes multiple case studies to provide practical guidance for the framework’s use. Accordingly, this paper extends Boni’s work by examining eight practical cases gathered via a purposeful sample to illustrate the use of the “quick screen” relative to each metaphorical category: project (4), product (2), and platform (2). Data sources included company and market information from company documents, firm websites, peer-review sources, market reports, and business portals. Data were mapped against “quick screen” criteria and categorized as positives, negatives, or uncertainties. Evaluation of the mapped data led to low to medium to high ratings relative to opportunity, monetary, and competitive advantage criteria. Descriptions provide qualitative insights to situate each case example relative to its specific “3 P” category, with six cases subclassified (e.g., moderate-low, low-moderate, high-moderate) when graded. This paper provides four practical contributions: 1) multiple “real world” cases to illustrate the framework, 2) a risk-opportunity-maturity relationship model, 3) scenarios of when or when not to use the “quick screen”, and 4) engagement strategies based on “P” classification as practice contributions. It concludes that Boni’s (2012, 2019) construct provides a useful and efficient tool for examining new biopharma- life science ventures (assets) at differing maturities. Future work should build on these case examples, findings, and contributions while embracing a more-structured case study evaluation methodology to further practice and theory contributions.
评估生物制药-生命科学领域的创新技术和风险投资机会涉及一项复杂的工作。然而,应该是这样吗?在筛选新机会时,这个问题尤为重要。本文讨论了已建立的公司如何能够快速有效地评估不同成熟度(开发和商业)水平的新的生物-生命科学企业。博尼(2012年、2019年)的“快速筛选”和隐喻性的“3p”(项目、产品、平台)为检查新的生物制药-生命科学企业(资产)提供了一个实用的框架。Boni的作品(2012年,2019年)构建了这些元素。他们打算提供一个框架来补充案例研究,以便在讲习班或“新兵训练营”形式中单独使用。我们目前的工作包括多个案例研究,为框架的使用提供实际指导。因此,本文扩展了Boni的工作,通过有目的的样本收集了八个实际案例,以说明“快速屏幕”相对于每个隐喻类别的使用:项目(4),产品(2)和平台(2)。数据源包括来自公司文件,公司网站,同行评审来源,市场报告和商业门户网站的公司和市场信息。根据“快速筛选”标准绘制数据,并将其分类为阳性、阴性或不确定。对映射数据的评估导致了相对于机会、货币和竞争优势标准的从低到中到高的评级。描述提供了定性的见解,以定位每个案例示例相对于其特定的“3p”类别,在分级时有六个案例细分(例如,中-低,低-中,高-中)。本文提供了四个实践贡献:1)多个“现实世界”案例来说明框架,2)风险-机会-成熟度关系模型,3)何时或何时不使用“快速屏幕”的场景,以及4)基于“P”分类的参与策略作为实践贡献。它的结论是,Boni(2012, 2019)的结构为检查不同期限的新生物制药-生命科学企业(资产)提供了有用和有效的工具。未来的工作应该建立在这些案例、发现和贡献的基础上,同时采用更结构化的案例研究评估方法来进一步的实践和理论贡献。
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引用次数: 0
The application of task-driven model in adult computer technology teaching in healthcare sector 任务驱动模式在医疗保健专业成人计算机技术教学中的应用
Pub Date : 2022-11-09 DOI: 10.5912/jcb1095
Yi Zheng
In the rapidly growing field of information technology, there is a need to provide quality training through on-demand content in the health sector. In addition, there is a demand for developing curricula on an individualized basis to deliver best-fit instruction to learners of varying abilities and interests. Technology is one of the essential aspects of our life that cannot be ignored. As we know, the development in the health sector worldwide is due to the great revolution of computers and the internet. The invention of the machine has completely revolutionized the business world. Today, every field of the health sector depends on computer systems. The current research analyzes the training of computer talent and computational thinking in the healthcare sector of Companies. The study is performed using a quantitative research approach and analyzed by the statistical package of Social sciences in healthcare sectors. It is concluded that computational thinking skills should be enhanced, and teachers and learning institutions can play an active part. It is recommended that teachers should motivate students to learn modern knowledge so that they can effectively contribute and pay back to society. 
在迅速发展的信息技术领域,有必要通过保健部门的点播内容提供高质量的培训。此外,还需要在个性化的基础上开发课程,为不同能力和兴趣的学习者提供最适合的指导。科技是我们生活中不可忽视的重要方面之一。正如我们所知,全球卫生部门的发展是由于计算机和互联网的伟大革命。机器的发明彻底改变了商业世界。今天,卫生部门的每个领域都依赖于计算机系统。目前的研究分析了公司医疗保健部门的计算机人才和计算思维的培训。该研究采用定量研究方法进行,并通过医疗保健部门的社会科学统计包进行分析。结论是,计算思维技能需要提高,教师和学习机构可以发挥积极作用。建议教师应该激励学生学习现代知识,这样他们才能有效地贡献和回报社会。
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引用次数: 0
An analysis of modelling the ecological importance of modern agricultural landscaping 现代农业园林绿化的生态重要性建模分析
Pub Date : 2022-11-09 DOI: 10.5912/jcb1087
Xinran Shao
Landscape is an important part of urban ecosystem, and the assessment of landscape ecological importance is important to guide landscape design. The current ecological importance analysis mainly uses the comprehensive index relationship quantification to abstract the corresponding mathematical model, and the sample data interferes with the analysis results. To address the above-mentioned shortcomings, the ecological importance modeling analysis of modern urban landscape design is studied. Based on the calculation of modern urban landscape pattern index, the ecological importance index system of landscape design is established. Using the combination of hierarchical analysis and GIS technology, the index parameters are determined. Using metacellular automata, the ecological importance analysis model was constructed. The results of the case verification show that the constructed analysis model can demonstrate the changes of ecological importance of landscape design more accurately and effectively guide the landscape design.
景观是城市生态系统的重要组成部分,景观生态重要性评价对指导景观设计具有重要意义。目前的生态重要性分析主要采用综合指标关系量化来抽象相应的数学模型,样本数据干扰了分析结果。针对上述不足,对现代城市景观设计的生态重要性建模分析进行了研究。在计算现代城市景观格局指标的基础上,建立了景观设计的生态重要性指标体系。采用层次分析与GIS技术相结合的方法,确定了指标参数。利用元胞自动机建立了生态重要性分析模型。案例验证结果表明,所构建的分析模型能够更准确地反映景观设计生态重要性的变化,有效地指导景观设计。
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引用次数: 0
Design of healthcare industry product appearance 医疗保健行业产品外观设计
Pub Date : 2022-11-09 DOI: 10.5912/jcb1110
Fei Li
This paper investigates the effect of the design of healthcare industrial products on their appearance. Based on a proposed artificial intelligence algorithm, Industrial Product Design (IPD) enhances or minimizes its form to be attractive to human beings. This paper applies the algorithm to six industrial product types by using an analytical model called “The Dynamic Processes Model” (DPM), developed from a Hybrid Artificial Intelligence System. The results from this study point out that IPD does not have any significant impact on the physical attractiveness of these products; however, it affects their perceived attractiveness and can increase their appeal rating in certain cases. A three-dimensional Otsu threshold segmentation method based on BAS-CS is proposed. Aiming at the problem that the segmentation results of the traditional two-dimensional Otsu threshold segmentation method and the three-dimensional Otsu threshold segmentation method are susceptible to noise, the gray morphology and the three-dimensional Otsu threshold segmentation method are combined to form a three-dimensional gray Otsu model. The three-dimensional gray Otsu model is used to design the fitness function of the BAS-CS algorithm, and the BAS-CS algorithm is used to optimize the fitness function, and the specific implementation scheme and flowchart are given. Experiments verify the effectiveness, high efficiency, noise resistance and versatility of the proposed algorithm.
本文研究了保健工业产品的外观设计对其外观的影响。工业产品设计(Industrial Product Design, IPD)是一种基于人工智能算法的产品设计,它可以增强或最小化产品的形状,从而吸引人类。本文通过使用混合人工智能系统开发的“动态过程模型”(DPM)分析模型,将该算法应用于六种工业产品类型。本研究结果表明,IPD对这些产品的物理吸引力没有显著影响;然而,它会影响他们的吸引力,并在某些情况下提高他们的吸引力等级。提出了一种基于BAS-CS的三维大津阈值分割方法。针对传统二维Otsu阈值分割方法和三维Otsu阈值分割方法分割结果易受噪声影响的问题,将灰度形态学与三维Otsu阈值分割方法相结合,形成三维灰色Otsu模型。利用三维灰色Otsu模型设计了BAS-CS算法的适应度函数,并利用BAS-CS算法对适应度函数进行优化,给出了具体的实现方案和流程图。实验验证了该算法的有效性、高效性、抗噪声性和通用性。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of commercial biotechnology
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