Behavioral problems are common after pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI), but poorly understood. In this article we review ten common behavioral problems observed in children after TBI and consider the factors that appear to contribute to their expression. Both neurological and non-neurological variables can interact in a complicated way to produce behavioral problems in school-age children following TBI. We conclude with suggestions for the management and treatment of these behavioral problems in a manner that hopefully will reduce parental distress and disruptive behaviors of the child in school.
{"title":"Behavioral consequences of pediatric traumatic brain injury","authors":"G. Prigatano, John B Fulton, Jennifer Wethe","doi":"10.2217/PHE.10.43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/PHE.10.43","url":null,"abstract":"Behavioral problems are common after pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI), but poorly understood. In this article we review ten common behavioral problems observed in children after TBI and consider the factors that appear to contribute to their expression. Both neurological and non-neurological variables can interact in a complicated way to produce behavioral problems in school-age children following TBI. We conclude with suggestions for the management and treatment of these behavioral problems in a manner that hopefully will reduce parental distress and disruptive behaviors of the child in school.","PeriodicalId":88627,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric health","volume":"4 1","pages":"447-455"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2217/PHE.10.43","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68242584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Pediatric subspecialty shortage: a looming crisis","authors":"D. Plumley","doi":"10.2217/PHE.10.44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/PHE.10.44","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":88627,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric health","volume":"4 1","pages":"365-366"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2217/PHE.10.44","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68242622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pediatric nephrology has been established as an important specialty in the field of pediatrics over the past four decades. In 1976, the German society of Pediatric Nephrology (GPN) was founded (formerly known as APN) and annual spring conferences are an important event in this society. This years focus was congenital nephropathies, kidney and hormones, and dialysis and transplantation. A total of 133 original contributions were presented.
{"title":"Pediatric nephrology today","authors":"K. Möller, M. Kemper","doi":"10.2217/PHE.10.34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/PHE.10.34","url":null,"abstract":"Pediatric nephrology has been established as an important specialty in the field of pediatrics over the past four decades. In 1976, the German society of Pediatric Nephrology (GPN) was founded (formerly known as APN) and annual spring conferences are an important event in this society. This years focus was congenital nephropathies, kidney and hormones, and dialysis and transplantation. A total of 133 original contributions were presented.","PeriodicalId":88627,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric health","volume":"4 1","pages":"383-385"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2217/PHE.10.34","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68242232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Asthma represents one of the most common chronic conditions affecting children. Effective therapies exist, but some children continue to have treatment-resistant asthma. Management remains a significant challenge and evidence for the treatment of asthma at the severe end of the spectrum is lacking. However, a structured approach to assessment and management can be used to improve patient outcomes. For the minority in whom symptoms persist, further investigations, alternative anti-inflammatory drugs or more novel therapies, such as anti-IgE, may need to be considered and these are best carried out by a specialist pediatric pulmonologist. Further developments in the use of noninvasive biomarkers to help individualize treatment will be helpful in the future treatment of severe asthma.
{"title":"Treatment-resistant asthma: Options and decision making","authors":"Alison Ting, C. Murray","doi":"10.2217/PHE.10.37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/PHE.10.37","url":null,"abstract":"Asthma represents one of the most common chronic conditions affecting children. Effective therapies exist, but some children continue to have treatment-resistant asthma. Management remains a significant challenge and evidence for the treatment of asthma at the severe end of the spectrum is lacking. However, a structured approach to assessment and management can be used to improve patient outcomes. For the minority in whom symptoms persist, further investigations, alternative anti-inflammatory drugs or more novel therapies, such as anti-IgE, may need to be considered and these are best carried out by a specialist pediatric pulmonologist. Further developments in the use of noninvasive biomarkers to help individualize treatment will be helpful in the future treatment of severe asthma.","PeriodicalId":88627,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric health","volume":"4 1","pages":"433-446"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2217/PHE.10.37","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68242285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"What does ‘meaningful use’ mean for pediatrics?","authors":"Christoph U. Lehmann, Jennifer Mansour, J. Klein","doi":"10.2217/PHE.10.40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/PHE.10.40","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":88627,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric health","volume":"4 1","pages":"361-363"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2217/PHE.10.40","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68242354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Crohn’s disease is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the GI tract that often presents during childhood and adolescence. Children with Crohn’s disease are often subjected to repeated radiologic examinations throughout the course of their illness, thereby raising great concern over the potential harm of cumulative radiation exposure. Magnetic resonance enterography is a new modality that provides detailed images of the GI tract without exposure to ionizing radiation. This article reviews past methods of bowel imaging, the scope of the problem with regard to radiation exposure, as well as the technical aspects, indications, and current evidence for magnetic resonance enterography in children with Crohn’s disease. Various examples of inflammatory, stricturing and penetrating disease activity are provided.
{"title":"Magnetic resonance enterography for assessing pediatric Crohn’s disease","authors":"J. Silverstein, D. Grand, N. LeLeiko","doi":"10.2217/PHE.10.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/PHE.10.39","url":null,"abstract":"Crohn’s disease is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the GI tract that often presents during childhood and adolescence. Children with Crohn’s disease are often subjected to repeated radiologic examinations throughout the course of their illness, thereby raising great concern over the potential harm of cumulative radiation exposure. Magnetic resonance enterography is a new modality that provides detailed images of the GI tract without exposure to ionizing radiation. This article reviews past methods of bowel imaging, the scope of the problem with regard to radiation exposure, as well as the technical aspects, indications, and current evidence for magnetic resonance enterography in children with Crohn’s disease. Various examples of inflammatory, stricturing and penetrating disease activity are provided.","PeriodicalId":88627,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric health","volume":"4 1","pages":"413-419"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2217/PHE.10.39","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68242306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Z. Kabir, H. Alpert, P. Goodman, S. Haw, I. Behm, G. Connolly, Prakash C. Gupta, L. Clancy
Second-hand smoke (SHS) is a major avoidable cause of developmental and respiratory disease and premature death among children worldwide. SHS is a ‘Class A’ carcinogen, and there is no safe level of SHS exposure. Almost 700 million children worldwide are exposed daily to SHS at home. This article reviews and summarizes evidence based on available studies that report on ‘voluntary’ home smoking restrictions and their effects on SHS exposure levels in children aged 0–17 years. All potentially relevant publications within a 10-year period (January 2000–April 2010) were identified (n = 19 full-text articles) through comprehensive database searches. In general, voluntary household smoking restrictions reported a significant reduction in childhood SHS exposure ranging between 20–50% reductions, using both self-reported and biological measures. Mandated comprehensive workplace and enclosed public smoke-free policies also suggested an apparent benefit in some specific pediatric health encounters, namely, decrease...
{"title":"Effect of smoke-free home and workplace policies on second-hand smoke exposure levels in children: an evidence summary.","authors":"Z. Kabir, H. Alpert, P. Goodman, S. Haw, I. Behm, G. Connolly, Prakash C. Gupta, L. Clancy","doi":"10.2217/PHE.10.41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/PHE.10.41","url":null,"abstract":"Second-hand smoke (SHS) is a major avoidable cause of developmental and respiratory disease and premature death among children worldwide. SHS is a ‘Class A’ carcinogen, and there is no safe level of SHS exposure. Almost 700 million children worldwide are exposed daily to SHS at home. This article reviews and summarizes evidence based on available studies that report on ‘voluntary’ home smoking restrictions and their effects on SHS exposure levels in children aged 0–17 years. All potentially relevant publications within a 10-year period (January 2000–April 2010) were identified (n = 19 full-text articles) through comprehensive database searches. In general, voluntary household smoking restrictions reported a significant reduction in childhood SHS exposure ranging between 20–50% reductions, using both self-reported and biological measures. Mandated comprehensive workplace and enclosed public smoke-free policies also suggested an apparent benefit in some specific pediatric health encounters, namely, decrease...","PeriodicalId":88627,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric health","volume":"4 1","pages":"391-403"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2217/PHE.10.41","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68242369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Evaluation of: Davila-Perez R, Bracho-Blanchet E, Tovilla-Mercado JM et al.: Unnecessary gastric decompression in distal elective bowel anastomoses in children: a randomized study. World J. Surg. 34(5), 947–953 (2010). Although the use of nasogastric decompression after intestinal surgery has been a common practice for decades, there has not been a prospective randomized trial that supports its purported benefits in children. Davila-Perez and colleagues undertook a scientific approach to the use of nasogastric decompression in children undergoing intestinal anastomoses to determine if clinical benefits could be identified. They randomized 60 pediatric patients undergoing intestinal anastomoses to either undergo nasogastric decompression for 5 days or to not have gastric decompression during the postoperative period. The study was designed as an equivalence study, with a goal to demonstrate that there was equivalence between the treatment arms. The results, with the use of sophisticated statistics, support...
Davila-Perez R, Bracho-Blanchet E, Tovilla-Mercado JM等人的评价:儿童远端择期肠吻合器不必要的胃减压:一项随机研究。世界外科杂志，34(5)，947-953(2010)。虽然在肠道手术后使用鼻胃减压已经是几十年来的一种常见做法，但还没有一项前瞻性随机试验支持其对儿童的益处。Davila-Perez及其同事采用了一种科学的方法，在接受肠吻合术的儿童中使用鼻胃减压，以确定是否可以确定临床益处。他们随机选择了60名接受肠吻合术的儿童患者，让他们接受5天的鼻胃减压，或者在术后不进行胃减压。该研究被设计为等效性研究，目的是证明治疗组之间存在等效性。通过使用复杂的统计数据，结果支持……
{"title":"The utility of nasogastric decompression after intestinal surgery in children","authors":"D. Ostlie, S. Peter","doi":"10.2217/PHE.10.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/PHE.10.29","url":null,"abstract":"Evaluation of: Davila-Perez R, Bracho-Blanchet E, Tovilla-Mercado JM et al.: Unnecessary gastric decompression in distal elective bowel anastomoses in children: a randomized study. World J. Surg. 34(5), 947–953 (2010). Although the use of nasogastric decompression after intestinal surgery has been a common practice for decades, there has not been a prospective randomized trial that supports its purported benefits in children. Davila-Perez and colleagues undertook a scientific approach to the use of nasogastric decompression in children undergoing intestinal anastomoses to determine if clinical benefits could be identified. They randomized 60 pediatric patients undergoing intestinal anastomoses to either undergo nasogastric decompression for 5 days or to not have gastric decompression during the postoperative period. The study was designed as an equivalence study, with a goal to demonstrate that there was equivalence between the treatment arms. The results, with the use of sophisticated statistics, support...","PeriodicalId":88627,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric health","volume":"4 1","pages":"387-390"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2217/PHE.10.29","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68242611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gastroesophageal reflux (GER), commonly diagnosed in preterm infants in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs), is a cause of morbidity and is known to prolong hospital stay. Pharmacological treatment of presumed or proven GER is increasingly being used in NICUs; this attitude is concerning, owing to an association between pharmacological treatment of GER and serious adverse events, which has recently been demonstrated (i.e., ranitidine and necrotizing enterocolitis). Furthermore, a wide variability exists among NICUs in the proportion of infants treated for GER, which suggests a serious lack of evidence in this field. Thus, there is a need to develop safe and effective treatment options for GER in preterm infants is a critical issue for future research.
{"title":"Gastroesophageal reflux disease in the neonatal intensive care unit","authors":"A. Aceti, L. Corvaglia","doi":"10.2217/PHE.10.38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/PHE.10.38","url":null,"abstract":"Gastroesophageal reflux (GER), commonly diagnosed in preterm infants in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs), is a cause of morbidity and is known to prolong hospital stay. Pharmacological treatment of presumed or proven GER is increasingly being used in NICUs; this attitude is concerning, owing to an association between pharmacological treatment of GER and serious adverse events, which has recently been demonstrated (i.e., ranitidine and necrotizing enterocolitis). Furthermore, a wide variability exists among NICUs in the proportion of infants treated for GER, which suggests a serious lack of evidence in this field. Thus, there is a need to develop safe and effective treatment options for GER in preterm infants is a critical issue for future research.","PeriodicalId":88627,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric health","volume":"4 1","pages":"405-412"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2217/PHE.10.38","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68242295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Trichophyton tonsurans: the need for enhanced infection control measures in the pediatric population","authors":"S. Abdel‐Rahman","doi":"10.2217/PHE.10.42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/PHE.10.42","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":88627,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric health","volume":"4 1","pages":"367-369"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2217/PHE.10.42","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68242489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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