Pub Date : 2017-07-03DOI: 10.1080/14043858.2017.1385231
Anna Leppänen, T. Kankaanranta
Abstract Nordic police cooperation concerning cybercrimes has been developed during the last few years, e.g. through the Nordic Computer Forensics Investigators (NCFI) and Nordplus training programmes. More empirical research is needed in order to enhance cybercrime investigation and address the training needs of police officers. There is a knowledge gap concerning organizational models for the police’s cybercrime investigation: How the function is organized, what the professional characteristics of the staff are and how to combine computer forensics with crime investigation? The purpose of this paper was to study the organization of cybercrime investigation in Finland. Data were collected by a questionnaire from all 11 local police districts and the National Bureau of Investigation in July–August 2014. In addition, six thematic interviews of cybercrime investigators were conducted in 2014. Three investigation models of computer integrity crimes were found: (1) Computer forensic investigators conduct the entire pre-trial examination, (2) Computer forensic investigators conduct only the computer forensics, and tactical investigation is done by an occasional investigator, (3) Computer forensic investigators conduct only the computer forensics and tactical investigation is centralized to designated investigators. The recognition of various organizational models and educational backgrounds of investigators will help to develop cybercrime investigation training.
{"title":"Cybercrime investigation in Finland","authors":"Anna Leppänen, T. Kankaanranta","doi":"10.1080/14043858.2017.1385231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14043858.2017.1385231","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Nordic police cooperation concerning cybercrimes has been developed during the last few years, e.g. through the Nordic Computer Forensics Investigators (NCFI) and Nordplus training programmes. More empirical research is needed in order to enhance cybercrime investigation and address the training needs of police officers. There is a knowledge gap concerning organizational models for the police’s cybercrime investigation: How the function is organized, what the professional characteristics of the staff are and how to combine computer forensics with crime investigation? The purpose of this paper was to study the organization of cybercrime investigation in Finland. Data were collected by a questionnaire from all 11 local police districts and the National Bureau of Investigation in July–August 2014. In addition, six thematic interviews of cybercrime investigators were conducted in 2014. Three investigation models of computer integrity crimes were found: (1) Computer forensic investigators conduct the entire pre-trial examination, (2) Computer forensic investigators conduct only the computer forensics, and tactical investigation is done by an occasional investigator, (3) Computer forensic investigators conduct only the computer forensics and tactical investigation is centralized to designated investigators. The recognition of various organizational models and educational backgrounds of investigators will help to develop cybercrime investigation training.","PeriodicalId":88919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scandinavian studies in criminology and crime prevention","volume":"18 1","pages":"157 - 175"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14043858.2017.1385231","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45090609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-07-03DOI: 10.1080/14043858.2017.1387410
Gustav Alexandrie
Abstract Research on the effectiveness of surveillance cameras in reducing crime suffers from potential threats to causal validity. This paper reviews seven studies that address some of these problems using the rigorous research designs of randomized and natural experiments. Included studies that reported changes in total crime found crime reductions ranging from 24 to 28% in public streets and urban subway stations, but no desirable effects in parking facilities or suburban subway stations. Moreover, surveillance cameras may help reduce unruly behaviour in football stadiums and theft in supermarkets/mass merchant stores. These findings indicate that video surveillance can reduce crime in several settings.
{"title":"Surveillance cameras and crime: a review of randomized and natural experiments","authors":"Gustav Alexandrie","doi":"10.1080/14043858.2017.1387410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14043858.2017.1387410","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Research on the effectiveness of surveillance cameras in reducing crime suffers from potential threats to causal validity. This paper reviews seven studies that address some of these problems using the rigorous research designs of randomized and natural experiments. Included studies that reported changes in total crime found crime reductions ranging from 24 to 28% in public streets and urban subway stations, but no desirable effects in parking facilities or suburban subway stations. Moreover, surveillance cameras may help reduce unruly behaviour in football stadiums and theft in supermarkets/mass merchant stores. These findings indicate that video surveillance can reduce crime in several settings.","PeriodicalId":88919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scandinavian studies in criminology and crime prevention","volume":"18 1","pages":"210 - 222"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14043858.2017.1387410","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46228831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-07-03DOI: 10.1080/14043858.2017.1396055
H. Elonheimo
On Friday afternoon, 18 August 2017, an asylum seeker stabbed 10 supposedly randomly chosen people in the centre of Turku. Police investigates the knife attack as terrorism. The suspect has been directed to mental examination and we have to wait for the final analyses of the case. Finnish Security Intelligence Service had raised its terrorist threat assessment already before, and that way the attack was expected. Still, it was a surreal experience to announce to friends around the world that I was safe during the Turku attack. Turku is such a small town (with less than 190,000 inhabitants) that the crime touched the whole community in a more concrete way than in large metropolises. Finland is a violent country. Measured by homicide rates, we are between East and West. After the Turku attack, it has been discussed whether it was a continuation of the Finnish tradition of violence or a sign of a new kind of threat. Finland has become notorious for school shootings, and parallels have been drawn between the knife attack and school shootings. There are certain similarities between these phenomena: there have been warning signs such as the offender refraining from normal social interactions and seeking support from extremist international networks. However, according to news reports, there seems to be a religious component and motivation in the Turku attack. As the attack happened, there was an urgent need for information about the events. However, legal scholars blamed the Minister of the Interior for informing the public about the looks of the suspect and mentioning Turku and Barcelona in the same speech. Professor of Sociology of Law declared not to be afraid. At the same time, the police were widely thanked for highly professional and prompt action. After the attack, there were reports of people turning to police to ‘refuel safety’. Suddenly, the dogma of critical criminology was silenced as police proved their relevance in protecting the public. In Finland, the criminality risk among asylum seekers is a sensitive and contested topic. Therefore, in this year’s Stockholm Criminology Symposium, I was interested to hear a presentation by Norwegian colleagues who showed that the risk of offending is linked with immigrant status and the reason of immigration. When I asked the presenters if they had experienced critical social media campaigns, they did not seem to be touched by the problem. In Finland, there is a tendency to highlight the third task of university, which is to interact with society on the basis of scientific knowledge. However, there is a risk that this will give academics a free mandate to do politics detached from scientific evidence. Instead of political statements of not being in fear or taking up every word of the authorities who are trying to protect the public, the primary task of sociolegal scholars should be to analyse what factors are behind crimes such as terrorism and what are the evidence-based measures to decrease criminali
{"title":"Turku attack challenges criminology","authors":"H. Elonheimo","doi":"10.1080/14043858.2017.1396055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14043858.2017.1396055","url":null,"abstract":"On Friday afternoon, 18 August 2017, an asylum seeker stabbed 10 supposedly randomly chosen people in the centre of Turku. Police investigates the knife attack as terrorism. The suspect has been directed to mental examination and we have to wait for the final analyses of the case. Finnish Security Intelligence Service had raised its terrorist threat assessment already before, and that way the attack was expected. Still, it was a surreal experience to announce to friends around the world that I was safe during the Turku attack. Turku is such a small town (with less than 190,000 inhabitants) that the crime touched the whole community in a more concrete way than in large metropolises. Finland is a violent country. Measured by homicide rates, we are between East and West. After the Turku attack, it has been discussed whether it was a continuation of the Finnish tradition of violence or a sign of a new kind of threat. Finland has become notorious for school shootings, and parallels have been drawn between the knife attack and school shootings. There are certain similarities between these phenomena: there have been warning signs such as the offender refraining from normal social interactions and seeking support from extremist international networks. However, according to news reports, there seems to be a religious component and motivation in the Turku attack. As the attack happened, there was an urgent need for information about the events. However, legal scholars blamed the Minister of the Interior for informing the public about the looks of the suspect and mentioning Turku and Barcelona in the same speech. Professor of Sociology of Law declared not to be afraid. At the same time, the police were widely thanked for highly professional and prompt action. After the attack, there were reports of people turning to police to ‘refuel safety’. Suddenly, the dogma of critical criminology was silenced as police proved their relevance in protecting the public. In Finland, the criminality risk among asylum seekers is a sensitive and contested topic. Therefore, in this year’s Stockholm Criminology Symposium, I was interested to hear a presentation by Norwegian colleagues who showed that the risk of offending is linked with immigrant status and the reason of immigration. When I asked the presenters if they had experienced critical social media campaigns, they did not seem to be touched by the problem. In Finland, there is a tendency to highlight the third task of university, which is to interact with society on the basis of scientific knowledge. However, there is a risk that this will give academics a free mandate to do politics detached from scientific evidence. Instead of political statements of not being in fear or taking up every word of the authorities who are trying to protect the public, the primary task of sociolegal scholars should be to analyse what factors are behind crimes such as terrorism and what are the evidence-based measures to decrease criminali","PeriodicalId":88919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scandinavian studies in criminology and crime prevention","volume":"18 1","pages":"101 - 102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14043858.2017.1396055","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45988345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-29DOI: 10.1080/14043858.2017.1307545
Sophia Lindblom, L. Eriksson, A. Hiltunen
Abstract The treatment of offenders has changed from focusing on risk management to also emphasizing salutogenic experiences as a protective factor. The programme ‘A New Direction’ involves cognitive intervention combining the above-mentioned approaches to treat young criminals and young persons at risk of developing a criminal lifestyle. In evaluating this programme, 61 participants from the Swedish social services and youth care facilities were divided into two treatment groups and two control groups. All participants were subjected to pre- and post-measurements using two questionnaires: the Psychological Inventory of Criminal Thinking Styles (PICTS) and the Sense of Coherence (SOC-13). The two treatment groups followed the programme during one week and 9–30 weeks, respectively, with the control groups measured at approximately the corresponding time intervals. The results show reduced PICTS from high to low levels and increased SOC only for the multi-week treatment group. Although the recidivism analysis revealed a greater reduction of convicted offences in the multi-week treatment group compared with the control group, the finding is tentative because of small sample sizes. To conclude, cognitive intervention shows promise for reducing criminal thinking patterns and increasing sense of coherence, which may have beneficial effects on the behaviour of young offenders.
{"title":"Evaluation of the cognitive intervention programme ‘A New Direction’ targeting young offenders in Sweden","authors":"Sophia Lindblom, L. Eriksson, A. Hiltunen","doi":"10.1080/14043858.2017.1307545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14043858.2017.1307545","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The treatment of offenders has changed from focusing on risk management to also emphasizing salutogenic experiences as a protective factor. The programme ‘A New Direction’ involves cognitive intervention combining the above-mentioned approaches to treat young criminals and young persons at risk of developing a criminal lifestyle. In evaluating this programme, 61 participants from the Swedish social services and youth care facilities were divided into two treatment groups and two control groups. All participants were subjected to pre- and post-measurements using two questionnaires: the Psychological Inventory of Criminal Thinking Styles (PICTS) and the Sense of Coherence (SOC-13). The two treatment groups followed the programme during one week and 9–30 weeks, respectively, with the control groups measured at approximately the corresponding time intervals. The results show reduced PICTS from high to low levels and increased SOC only for the multi-week treatment group. Although the recidivism analysis revealed a greater reduction of convicted offences in the multi-week treatment group compared with the control group, the finding is tentative because of small sample sizes. To conclude, cognitive intervention shows promise for reducing criminal thinking patterns and increasing sense of coherence, which may have beneficial effects on the behaviour of young offenders.","PeriodicalId":88919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scandinavian studies in criminology and crime prevention","volume":"18 1","pages":"176 - 190"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14043858.2017.1307545","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46885610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-02DOI: 10.1080/14043858.2017.1305039
Tobias Kammersgaard, Marie Bruvik Heinskou, J. Demant
Abstract This study investigates the buying of stolen goods in Denmark. The study consists of a self-report survey based on a representative sample of the general Danish population (n = 2311) and six focus group interviews consisting of both informants experienced with buying stolen goods and of those with no experience (n = 37). The survey showed that 4.8% had bought stolen goods, while 15.7% were uncertain whether they had bought stolen goods. Young people, males, and unemployed were more likely to purchase stolen goods. No clear correlation between income and buying stolen goods was found. Focus groups suggest the buyers of stolen goods did not buy stolen goods because they could not afford legitimate products. We recommend targeting consumers not interested in buying stolen goods with information about how to avoid such activity.
{"title":"Buying stolen goods: the ambiguity in trading consumer-to-consumer","authors":"Tobias Kammersgaard, Marie Bruvik Heinskou, J. Demant","doi":"10.1080/14043858.2017.1305039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14043858.2017.1305039","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study investigates the buying of stolen goods in Denmark. The study consists of a self-report survey based on a representative sample of the general Danish population (n = 2311) and six focus group interviews consisting of both informants experienced with buying stolen goods and of those with no experience (n = 37). The survey showed that 4.8% had bought stolen goods, while 15.7% were uncertain whether they had bought stolen goods. Young people, males, and unemployed were more likely to purchase stolen goods. No clear correlation between income and buying stolen goods was found. Focus groups suggest the buyers of stolen goods did not buy stolen goods because they could not afford legitimate products. We recommend targeting consumers not interested in buying stolen goods with information about how to avoid such activity.","PeriodicalId":88919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scandinavian studies in criminology and crime prevention","volume":"18 1","pages":"100 - 93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14043858.2017.1305039","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45693417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-02DOI: 10.1080/14043858.2017.1315276
Torsten Kolind, T. F. Søgaard, G. Hunt, B. Thylstrup
Abstract Current literature often depicts the street cultures of ethnic minority youth as forms of collective cultural resistance to experiences of marginalization from mainstream society. Based on ethnographic fieldwork and qualitative interviews in 2014 with 23 young men attached to a rehabilitation centre for criminal offenders in Denmark, this article focuses on ethnic minority youth who desist from such street culture and their former gang life, criminality and drug use and how they describe this shift within their narratives. More specifically, we show how this shift can to some extent be characterized by a move from collective to more individualistic self-narratives re-articulating broader individualistic discourses existing in contemporary society. Among these more individualistic self-narratives, we find extensive reference to ideas of self-responsibility and also individual pragmatic interpretations of Islam. Such re-articulations can be seen as a way to create feelings of agency in severely disempowering circumstances.
{"title":"Transitional narratives of identity among ethnic minority youth gangs in Denmark: from collectivism to individualism","authors":"Torsten Kolind, T. F. Søgaard, G. Hunt, B. Thylstrup","doi":"10.1080/14043858.2017.1315276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14043858.2017.1315276","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Current literature often depicts the street cultures of ethnic minority youth as forms of collective cultural resistance to experiences of marginalization from mainstream society. Based on ethnographic fieldwork and qualitative interviews in 2014 with 23 young men attached to a rehabilitation centre for criminal offenders in Denmark, this article focuses on ethnic minority youth who desist from such street culture and their former gang life, criminality and drug use and how they describe this shift within their narratives. More specifically, we show how this shift can to some extent be characterized by a move from collective to more individualistic self-narratives re-articulating broader individualistic discourses existing in contemporary society. Among these more individualistic self-narratives, we find extensive reference to ideas of self-responsibility and also individual pragmatic interpretations of Islam. Such re-articulations can be seen as a way to create feelings of agency in severely disempowering circumstances.","PeriodicalId":88919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scandinavian studies in criminology and crime prevention","volume":"18 1","pages":"19 - 3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14043858.2017.1315276","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48229632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-02DOI: 10.1080/14043858.2017.1305037
T. Tuominen, T. Korhonen, H. Hämäläinen, J. Katajisto, H. Vartiainen, M. Joukamaa, T. Lintonen, T. Wuolijoki, Alo Jüriloo, H. Lauerma
Abstract Neurocognitive deficits and psychiatric disorders are often brought up as risk factors of recidivism. In this study, we investigated how neurocognitive and academic deficits and psychiatric disorders (including substance dependence) are associated with criminal recidivism and prison career among male offenders. In a health survey of Finnish prisoners, 72 sentenced male prisoners were examined in Turku prison using a neurocognitive test battery and psychiatric assessment including a standardized psychiatric interview (SCID-I, II). The neurocognitive and academic tests were chosen to assess domains of cognitive functioning and reading, spelling and mathematical skills. Our results showed that the combination of neurocognitive deficits and substance dependence was connected to recidivism. Axis I diagnosis (major mental disorders) and substance dependence were connected with neurocognitive and academic deficits. Moreover, first-time offenders had fewer neurocognitive deficits and Axis I disorders, less substance dependence and fewer personality disorders than those with several convictions. Rehabilitation of cognitive functions and academic skills, along with intervention for mental health problems and substance dependence could help to prevent the unfavourable circle of criminal career.
{"title":"The factors associated with criminal recidivism in Finnish male offenders: importance of neurocognitive deficits and substance dependence","authors":"T. Tuominen, T. Korhonen, H. Hämäläinen, J. Katajisto, H. Vartiainen, M. Joukamaa, T. Lintonen, T. Wuolijoki, Alo Jüriloo, H. Lauerma","doi":"10.1080/14043858.2017.1305037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14043858.2017.1305037","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Neurocognitive deficits and psychiatric disorders are often brought up as risk factors of recidivism. In this study, we investigated how neurocognitive and academic deficits and psychiatric disorders (including substance dependence) are associated with criminal recidivism and prison career among male offenders. In a health survey of Finnish prisoners, 72 sentenced male prisoners were examined in Turku prison using a neurocognitive test battery and psychiatric assessment including a standardized psychiatric interview (SCID-I, II). The neurocognitive and academic tests were chosen to assess domains of cognitive functioning and reading, spelling and mathematical skills. Our results showed that the combination of neurocognitive deficits and substance dependence was connected to recidivism. Axis I diagnosis (major mental disorders) and substance dependence were connected with neurocognitive and academic deficits. Moreover, first-time offenders had fewer neurocognitive deficits and Axis I disorders, less substance dependence and fewer personality disorders than those with several convictions. Rehabilitation of cognitive functions and academic skills, along with intervention for mental health problems and substance dependence could help to prevent the unfavourable circle of criminal career.","PeriodicalId":88919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scandinavian studies in criminology and crime prevention","volume":"18 1","pages":"52 - 67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14043858.2017.1305037","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45804250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-02DOI: 10.1080/14043858.2016.1260333
K. Svalin, Caroline Mellgren, Marie Torstensson Levander, S. Levander
Abstract Relapse into intimate partner violence (IPV) can potentially be predicted and counter-measures applied. This study examines the predictive validity of a violence risk assessment tool: the Police Screening Tool for Violent Crimes (PST-VC) among a sample of 65 offenders. All PST-VC assessments regarding IPV that were conducted at the Scania police department in 2010 were included in the sample. Follow-up time was 16–28 months, and all reported incidents with the same victim and suspected offender were recorded. The PST-VC demonstrated limited effect in the ability to identify high-risk offenders and predict repeat victimization. Interventions against the offender and victim protective actions were more often recommended in high-risk cases but did not lower the number of IPV relapses. The study suggests that the PST-VC is not a promising instrument.
{"title":"Assessing and managing risk for intimate partner violence: Police employees’ use of the Police Screening Tool for Violent Crimes in Scania","authors":"K. Svalin, Caroline Mellgren, Marie Torstensson Levander, S. Levander","doi":"10.1080/14043858.2016.1260333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14043858.2016.1260333","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Relapse into intimate partner violence (IPV) can potentially be predicted and counter-measures applied. This study examines the predictive validity of a violence risk assessment tool: the Police Screening Tool for Violent Crimes (PST-VC) among a sample of 65 offenders. All PST-VC assessments regarding IPV that were conducted at the Scania police department in 2010 were included in the sample. Follow-up time was 16–28 months, and all reported incidents with the same victim and suspected offender were recorded. The PST-VC demonstrated limited effect in the ability to identify high-risk offenders and predict repeat victimization. Interventions against the offender and victim protective actions were more often recommended in high-risk cases but did not lower the number of IPV relapses. The study suggests that the PST-VC is not a promising instrument.","PeriodicalId":88919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scandinavian studies in criminology and crime prevention","volume":"18 1","pages":"84 - 92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14043858.2016.1260333","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41347109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-02DOI: 10.1080/14043858.2017.1305038
Kim Moeller
Abstract Cannabis sales by youth gangs consisting of male descendants of immigrants from Middle Eastern countries are subject of much public debate in Denmark and Scandinavia. Only little research has explored the intersection between the wider social context of the drug market and the criminal engagements of these groups using qualitative methods. Using eleven semi-structured interviews with youth, police and experts, collected between 2011 and 2013, this study examines how the overall structure of the cannabis market in Copenhagen affects the opportunities to engage in cannabis sales for immigrant youth gangs. The study rests on an assumption that increased deterrence in specific geographic areas will displace buyers and shift market shares between competing groups. The result was that increased cannabis dealing furthered gang evolution even at the lowest organizational steps, from neighbourhood groups to more delinquent collectives. A key finding is that neighbourhood youth clubs play a central role in the lives of the interviewees. Youth clubs served as social spaces but also functioned as a form of turf to be conquered from city officials.
{"title":"Cannabis sales and immigrant youth gangs in Denmark – An exploratory study of market structure and youth gang evolution","authors":"Kim Moeller","doi":"10.1080/14043858.2017.1305038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14043858.2017.1305038","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Cannabis sales by youth gangs consisting of male descendants of immigrants from Middle Eastern countries are subject of much public debate in Denmark and Scandinavia. Only little research has explored the intersection between the wider social context of the drug market and the criminal engagements of these groups using qualitative methods. Using eleven semi-structured interviews with youth, police and experts, collected between 2011 and 2013, this study examines how the overall structure of the cannabis market in Copenhagen affects the opportunities to engage in cannabis sales for immigrant youth gangs. The study rests on an assumption that increased deterrence in specific geographic areas will displace buyers and shift market shares between competing groups. The result was that increased cannabis dealing furthered gang evolution even at the lowest organizational steps, from neighbourhood groups to more delinquent collectives. A key finding is that neighbourhood youth clubs play a central role in the lives of the interviewees. Youth clubs served as social spaces but also functioned as a form of turf to be conquered from city officials.","PeriodicalId":88919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scandinavian studies in criminology and crime prevention","volume":"18 1","pages":"20 - 34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14043858.2017.1305038","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44587920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-02DOI: 10.1080/14043858.2017.1309340
H. Elonheimo
{"title":"Restorative Justice in challenging environments","authors":"H. Elonheimo","doi":"10.1080/14043858.2017.1309340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14043858.2017.1309340","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":88919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scandinavian studies in criminology and crime prevention","volume":"18 1","pages":"1 - 2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14043858.2017.1309340","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47845599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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