Pub Date : 2015-07-03DOI: 10.1080/14043858.2015.1101823
Atte Oksanen, R. Kaltiala-Heino, Emma Holkeri, N. Lindberg
In aftermath of the school shootings in Finland (2007 and 2008), hundreds of schools were threatened with similar acts. These threats of homicidal violence occupied both police and psychiatrists, but little is known about the potential threat these cases posed. Our study compared the threats of homicidal violence communicated by pupils aged 12–18 using both police reports (n = 20, 2010) and psychiatric reports (n = 77, 2007–2009). We provide both descriptive information about the cases and statistical comparison based on threat assessment. The pupils were on average 14.9 years old, 13% girls. The threats were communicated most commonly in face-to-face situations in school to other pupils or teachers. Mental health problems were prevalent according to both data-sets. Pupils who were sent for adolescent psychiatric evaluation were a riskier group than the group who were only interrogated by the police. Police reports lacked specific information reflecting the fact that in 2010 Finnish police had not adopted tools for structural risk assessment that were already used by Finnish psychiatry. Our results underline the benefits of structural threat assessment approach, which saves resources and helps experts working with adolescents to gather relevant information and systematically assess it. In addition, it would be important to establish proper collaboration between schools, police and psychiatry.
{"title":"School shooting threats as a national phenomenon: comparison of police reports and psychiatric reports in Finland","authors":"Atte Oksanen, R. Kaltiala-Heino, Emma Holkeri, N. Lindberg","doi":"10.1080/14043858.2015.1101823","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14043858.2015.1101823","url":null,"abstract":"In aftermath of the school shootings in Finland (2007 and 2008), hundreds of schools were threatened with similar acts. These threats of homicidal violence occupied both police and psychiatrists, but little is known about the potential threat these cases posed. Our study compared the threats of homicidal violence communicated by pupils aged 12–18 using both police reports (n = 20, 2010) and psychiatric reports (n = 77, 2007–2009). We provide both descriptive information about the cases and statistical comparison based on threat assessment. The pupils were on average 14.9 years old, 13% girls. The threats were communicated most commonly in face-to-face situations in school to other pupils or teachers. Mental health problems were prevalent according to both data-sets. Pupils who were sent for adolescent psychiatric evaluation were a riskier group than the group who were only interrogated by the police. Police reports lacked specific information reflecting the fact that in 2010 Finnish police had not adopted tools for structural risk assessment that were already used by Finnish psychiatry. Our results underline the benefits of structural threat assessment approach, which saves resources and helps experts working with adolescents to gather relevant information and systematically assess it. In addition, it would be important to establish proper collaboration between schools, police and psychiatry.","PeriodicalId":88919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scandinavian studies in criminology and crime prevention","volume":"16 1","pages":"145 - 159"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14043858.2015.1101823","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60283257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-07-03DOI: 10.1080/14043858.2015.1109907
H. Elonheimo
Taking a Sociological and Criminological Perspective Criminology is a cross-disciplinary field that examines the making of laws, the nature and extent of crime, the causes of crime, and society’s effort to control crime through the criminal and juvenile justice systems. Research and theories in criminology draws from the social sciences (e.g., economics, political science, psychology, and sociology) history, philosophy and biology. Students in this field come to understand the difference between criminal justice (government definitions, perspectives, and responses to crime) and criminology (theories of causation).
{"title":"Writing criminology","authors":"H. Elonheimo","doi":"10.1080/14043858.2015.1109907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14043858.2015.1109907","url":null,"abstract":"Taking a Sociological and Criminological Perspective Criminology is a cross-disciplinary field that examines the making of laws, the nature and extent of crime, the causes of crime, and society’s effort to control crime through the criminal and juvenile justice systems. Research and theories in criminology draws from the social sciences (e.g., economics, political science, psychology, and sociology) history, philosophy and biology. Students in this field come to understand the difference between criminal justice (government definitions, perspectives, and responses to crime) and criminology (theories of causation).","PeriodicalId":88919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scandinavian studies in criminology and crime prevention","volume":"16 1","pages":"141 - 141"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14043858.2015.1109907","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60283399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-07-03DOI: 10.1080/14043858.2015.1105501
Heidi Mork Lomell, Vidar Halvorsen
Professor Nils Christie suddenly passed away 27 May 2015. Christie was born in 24 February 1928. After the Second World War, he worked for a period as journalist before entering academia in 1946. He completed his doctoral degree in 1959 and became Norway’s first professor of criminology in 1966 at the University of Oslo. For more than half a century, Christie was not only a leading intellectual figure in criminology, but also an active participant in public discourse. He is the founding father of Norwegian criminology, which he made internationally renowned. He published 15 books which have been translated into more than 20 languages. He also took part in establishing the Scandinavian Research Council for Criminology in 1962. From 1979 to 1982 he chaired the Council. The establishment of criminology in Scandinavia was not without its conflicts and debates. The emerging criminology spearheaded by Christie quickly emancipated itself from the expectations to be an auxiliary science for criminal law and policy. In an article from 1987, Christie described the process in this manner:
{"title":"Nils Christie 1928–2015","authors":"Heidi Mork Lomell, Vidar Halvorsen","doi":"10.1080/14043858.2015.1105501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14043858.2015.1105501","url":null,"abstract":"Professor Nils Christie suddenly passed away 27 May 2015. Christie was born in 24 February 1928. After the Second World War, he worked for a period as journalist before entering academia in 1946. He completed his doctoral degree in 1959 and became Norway’s first professor of criminology in 1966 at the University of Oslo. For more than half a century, Christie was not only a leading intellectual figure in criminology, but also an active participant in public discourse. He is the founding father of Norwegian criminology, which he made internationally renowned. He published 15 books which have been translated into more than 20 languages. He also took part in establishing the Scandinavian Research Council for Criminology in 1962. From 1979 to 1982 he chaired the Council. The establishment of criminology in Scandinavia was not without its conflicts and debates. The emerging criminology spearheaded by Christie quickly emancipated itself from the expectations to be an auxiliary science for criminal law and policy. In an article from 1987, Christie described the process in this manner:","PeriodicalId":88919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scandinavian studies in criminology and crime prevention","volume":"16 1","pages":"142 - 144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14043858.2015.1105501","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60283301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-05-13DOI: 10.1080/14043858.2015.1038905
Noora Ellonen, J. Kääriäinen, Martti Lehti, Mikko Aaltonen
The term ‘infanticide’ refers to the homicide of a child younger than one year old. In this article, we describe infanticide trends in 28 industrialized countries between 1960 and 2009. The analysis is based on the cause of death data from the WHO Mortality Database and national materials. The purpose is to compare those trends in all these 28 countries not to compare countries per se. Cause of death statistics are based on ICD classification. During the review period, ICD classification changed three times. In addition to describing infanticide trends, we will analyse the impact of those changes on statistical infanticide levels, to be sure that changes in trends could be seen as real, not statistical artefacts. According to our analysis, the change from ICD-7 to ICD-9 in 1968–1970 seems to have had some impact on registered infanticide mortality levels in three of the studied countries. In other countries, the changes did not have any general impact on registered infanticide levels. During the period, infanticide rates decreased in almost all European countries, and increased or were stable in most non-European industrialized countries. Even in Europe, there were significant differences in the decreasing trend between countries. We also found some structural variation behind the trend figures, which raised the question of whether the aggregated infanticide levels really describe an identical phenomenon in different countries.
{"title":"Comparing trends in infanticides in 28 countries, 1960–2009","authors":"Noora Ellonen, J. Kääriäinen, Martti Lehti, Mikko Aaltonen","doi":"10.1080/14043858.2015.1038905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14043858.2015.1038905","url":null,"abstract":"The term ‘infanticide’ refers to the homicide of a child younger than one year old. In this article, we describe infanticide trends in 28 industrialized countries between 1960 and 2009. The analysis is based on the cause of death data from the WHO Mortality Database and national materials. The purpose is to compare those trends in all these 28 countries not to compare countries per se. Cause of death statistics are based on ICD classification. During the review period, ICD classification changed three times. In addition to describing infanticide trends, we will analyse the impact of those changes on statistical infanticide levels, to be sure that changes in trends could be seen as real, not statistical artefacts. According to our analysis, the change from ICD-7 to ICD-9 in 1968–1970 seems to have had some impact on registered infanticide mortality levels in three of the studied countries. In other countries, the changes did not have any general impact on registered infanticide levels. During the period, infanticide rates decreased in almost all European countries, and increased or were stable in most non-European industrialized countries. Even in Europe, there were significant differences in the decreasing trend between countries. We also found some structural variation behind the trend figures, which raised the question of whether the aggregated infanticide levels really describe an identical phenomenon in different countries.","PeriodicalId":88919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scandinavian studies in criminology and crime prevention","volume":"16 1","pages":"175 - 193"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14043858.2015.1038905","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60283147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-02DOI: 10.1080/14043858.2015.1015810
B. Larsen, Helle Bendix Kleif, Christophe Kolodziejczyk
The volunteer programme ‘Night Ravens’ (NR) was founded in Sweden in 1987 and has, over the years, developed into a Scandinavian concept covering large areas of Sweden, Denmark, Norway, Greenland and the Faroe Islands. The NR programme is a crime prevention initiative with adults walking the streets at night in identifiable ‘uniforms’ in areas with high activity. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of the NR programme in Denmark based on a volunteer set-up with a less intrusive approach to situational crime prevention than, for instance, hot spot policing. The analyses are based on a longitudinal data set containing socio-demographic information on all 585 postcode districts in Denmark and quarterly records of six different categories of reported crimes in the years 2001–2010.We apply a difference-in-difference design and compare development in crime rates in districts with NR organizations to districts without NR organizations. The results show no difference in the crime rates between Danish postcode districts with and without the NR programme. Hence, we cannot identify positive effects of situational crime prevention when evaluating this Scandinavian volunteer programme with a more informal guardianship.
{"title":"The volunteer programme ‘Night Ravens’: a difference-in-difference analysis of the effects on crime rates","authors":"B. Larsen, Helle Bendix Kleif, Christophe Kolodziejczyk","doi":"10.1080/14043858.2015.1015810","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14043858.2015.1015810","url":null,"abstract":"The volunteer programme ‘Night Ravens’ (NR) was founded in Sweden in 1987 and has, over the years, developed into a Scandinavian concept covering large areas of Sweden, Denmark, Norway, Greenland and the Faroe Islands. The NR programme is a crime prevention initiative with adults walking the streets at night in identifiable ‘uniforms’ in areas with high activity. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of the NR programme in Denmark based on a volunteer set-up with a less intrusive approach to situational crime prevention than, for instance, hot spot policing. The analyses are based on a longitudinal data set containing socio-demographic information on all 585 postcode districts in Denmark and quarterly records of six different categories of reported crimes in the years 2001–2010.We apply a difference-in-difference design and compare development in crime rates in districts with NR organizations to districts without NR organizations. The results show no difference in the crime rates between Danish postcode districts with and without the NR programme. Hence, we cannot identify positive effects of situational crime prevention when evaluating this Scandinavian volunteer programme with a more informal guardianship.","PeriodicalId":88919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scandinavian studies in criminology and crime prevention","volume":"16 1","pages":"2 - 24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14043858.2015.1015810","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60282670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-02DOI: 10.1080/14043858.2014.1000649
I. Sahramäki, L. Korsell, T. Kankaanranta
This study aims to contribute to the research into prevention of environmental crimes, by comparing the environmental crime enforcement chain in Finland with that in Sweden: detection, prosecution and the punishment with sanctions. We examined (1) what are the main differences and similarities in enforcement between Finland and Sweden? and (2) how can crime prevention through enforcement be developed further based on these findings? The comparison is based on legislation, official documents and statistics. The findings suggest that a high rate of reporting crimes alone does not necessarily indicate more effective prevention of environmental crime, as pre-trial investigations quite rarely lead to prosecution. Most of the sanctions for environmental offences are monetary and quite small. However, in Sweden the use of the corporate fine is significantly more frequent than in Finland. It is concluded that, even though enforcement is essential, prevention of environmental crime, stressing voluntary compliance and administrative sanctions instead may be more effective in the long-run.
{"title":"Prevention of environmental crime through enforcement—Finland and Sweden compared","authors":"I. Sahramäki, L. Korsell, T. Kankaanranta","doi":"10.1080/14043858.2014.1000649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14043858.2014.1000649","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to contribute to the research into prevention of environmental crimes, by comparing the environmental crime enforcement chain in Finland with that in Sweden: detection, prosecution and the punishment with sanctions. We examined (1) what are the main differences and similarities in enforcement between Finland and Sweden? and (2) how can crime prevention through enforcement be developed further based on these findings? The comparison is based on legislation, official documents and statistics. The findings suggest that a high rate of reporting crimes alone does not necessarily indicate more effective prevention of environmental crime, as pre-trial investigations quite rarely lead to prosecution. Most of the sanctions for environmental offences are monetary and quite small. However, in Sweden the use of the corporate fine is significantly more frequent than in Finland. It is concluded that, even though enforcement is essential, prevention of environmental crime, stressing voluntary compliance and administrative sanctions instead may be more effective in the long-run.","PeriodicalId":88919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scandinavian studies in criminology and crime prevention","volume":"16 1","pages":"41 - 59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14043858.2014.1000649","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60280633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-02DOI: 10.1080/14043858.2014.1003709
Yaira Obstbaum, S. Tyni
Assessing and targeting substance abuse-related treatment needs according to evidence-based practice has become the norm in most prison administrations. Not everyone with a need will, however, receive support in practical settings. Drawing on Finnish prison registers, we show that of all prisoners released in 2011, 60% were assessed as having a need for substance abuse-related support. Of these, 22% received an intervention in prison. Two multivariate models were used to examine the factors related to selection into interventions. The main factors associated with receiving an intervention with evidence-based programmes were a longer sentence, Finnish nationality, younger age and treatment motivation. The predictors for any substance abuse interventions (including non-evidence-based) were the same, with the exception that motivation was no longer a significant predictor, and female gender remained significant. The selective use of motivation as an entrance criterion for interventions can be a means of systemic adaptation to a combination of a high prevalence of substance abuse problems and a lower prevalence of treatment motivation in the prison population. We discuss how our results might reflect a Scandinavian way of doing evidence-based, prison-based drug treatment—one that stresses rehabilitation as a goal in itself in addition to reducing recidivism. Most prisoners, however, do not receive any intervention at all.
{"title":"Who receives substance abuse treatment in the ‘real world’ of the prison? A register-based study of Finnish inmates","authors":"Yaira Obstbaum, S. Tyni","doi":"10.1080/14043858.2014.1003709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14043858.2014.1003709","url":null,"abstract":"Assessing and targeting substance abuse-related treatment needs according to evidence-based practice has become the norm in most prison administrations. Not everyone with a need will, however, receive support in practical settings. Drawing on Finnish prison registers, we show that of all prisoners released in 2011, 60% were assessed as having a need for substance abuse-related support. Of these, 22% received an intervention in prison. Two multivariate models were used to examine the factors related to selection into interventions. The main factors associated with receiving an intervention with evidence-based programmes were a longer sentence, Finnish nationality, younger age and treatment motivation. The predictors for any substance abuse interventions (including non-evidence-based) were the same, with the exception that motivation was no longer a significant predictor, and female gender remained significant. The selective use of motivation as an entrance criterion for interventions can be a means of systemic adaptation to a combination of a high prevalence of substance abuse problems and a lower prevalence of treatment motivation in the prison population. We discuss how our results might reflect a Scandinavian way of doing evidence-based, prison-based drug treatment—one that stresses rehabilitation as a goal in itself in addition to reducing recidivism. Most prisoners, however, do not receive any intervention at all.","PeriodicalId":88919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scandinavian studies in criminology and crime prevention","volume":"6 1","pages":"76 - 96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14043858.2014.1003709","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60281164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-02DOI: 10.1080/14043858.2015.1033931
Janne Kivivuori
For more than fifty years, Finland’s National Research Institute of Legal Policy, the main seat of Finnish criminology, was affiliated with the Ministry of Justice. From the beginning of 2015, the NRILP was integrated to the University of Helsinki. Within the university, the newly emerging Institute of Criminology and Legal Policy is part of the Department of Social Research at the Faculty of Social Sciences. There were multiple reasons to why the Finnish government decided on this move. An important aim was to increase scientific and inter-disciplinary cooperation and so to strengthen research. The basic direction of institutional movement was from government to academia. Inevitably, this will lead also to an increasing integration of research and teaching. I see this development as highly welcome as it will ultimately improve and boost research as well. Very likely more criminological theses will be written by students. Also, more interdisciplinary cooperation is likely to take place. Much of the research emerging from the new basis will no doubt have considerable policy relevance. The Finnish reform has inspired many researchers, including myself. Mainly because of the energizing challenges of the new situation, I have decided to step down as JSSCCP Editor eight months earlier than scheduled. The next Editor takes office from 1st of May, 2015. With these thoughts, I thank the JSSCCP authors, reviewers, Advisory Board members, readers, the highly professional team at Taylor & Francis, and members of the Council, for support. Looking back to the two years and four months of my editorship, I hope that both readers and authors have recognized a sustained effort at improvement and reform. The Advisory Board was reconstituted; broader internationality emerged as a goal; the scope statements were re-formulated and the layout changed; the new short report format was introduced; and an online submission system is being developed. Of course, much work remains to be done. Maybe in the future, the JSSCCP could be even further opened to the international research community, just like Acta Sociologica, Youth – Nordic Journal of Youth Research, and Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs are open to the world. Why should criminology be, in this respect, different from sociology, youth research and alcohol studies? Following the path of even greater international presence and interdisciplinary openness would certainly help rather than harm Nordic criminology. However, such a step would require more resources, probably to an extent that can happen only if the general institutional structures of Nordic criminological cooperation are also re-thought and strengthened.
{"title":"Institutional reform can inspire research","authors":"Janne Kivivuori","doi":"10.1080/14043858.2015.1033931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14043858.2015.1033931","url":null,"abstract":"For more than fifty years, Finland’s National Research Institute of Legal Policy, the main seat of Finnish criminology, was affiliated with the Ministry of Justice. From the beginning of 2015, the NRILP was integrated to the University of Helsinki. Within the university, the newly emerging Institute of Criminology and Legal Policy is part of the Department of Social Research at the Faculty of Social Sciences. There were multiple reasons to why the Finnish government decided on this move. An important aim was to increase scientific and inter-disciplinary cooperation and so to strengthen research. The basic direction of institutional movement was from government to academia. Inevitably, this will lead also to an increasing integration of research and teaching. I see this development as highly welcome as it will ultimately improve and boost research as well. Very likely more criminological theses will be written by students. Also, more interdisciplinary cooperation is likely to take place. Much of the research emerging from the new basis will no doubt have considerable policy relevance. The Finnish reform has inspired many researchers, including myself. Mainly because of the energizing challenges of the new situation, I have decided to step down as JSSCCP Editor eight months earlier than scheduled. The next Editor takes office from 1st of May, 2015. With these thoughts, I thank the JSSCCP authors, reviewers, Advisory Board members, readers, the highly professional team at Taylor & Francis, and members of the Council, for support. Looking back to the two years and four months of my editorship, I hope that both readers and authors have recognized a sustained effort at improvement and reform. The Advisory Board was reconstituted; broader internationality emerged as a goal; the scope statements were re-formulated and the layout changed; the new short report format was introduced; and an online submission system is being developed. Of course, much work remains to be done. Maybe in the future, the JSSCCP could be even further opened to the international research community, just like Acta Sociologica, Youth – Nordic Journal of Youth Research, and Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs are open to the world. Why should criminology be, in this respect, different from sociology, youth research and alcohol studies? Following the path of even greater international presence and interdisciplinary openness would certainly help rather than harm Nordic criminology. However, such a step would require more resources, probably to an extent that can happen only if the general institutional structures of Nordic criminological cooperation are also re-thought and strengthened.","PeriodicalId":88919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scandinavian studies in criminology and crime prevention","volume":"16 1","pages":"1 - 1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14043858.2015.1033931","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60283136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-02DOI: 10.1080/14043858.2015.1009674
Asifa Iqbal, V. Ceccato
A park is a desirable feature when people are purchasing a property. Buyers are ready to pay more for properties surrounded by natural amenities, such as a pleasant park. However, if a park is targeted by crime and disorder, then it may have a negative effect on people's appraisal. The aim of this study is to reach a better understanding of how parks and crime rates affect housing prices taking into account residential properties and parks type. Stockholm, the capital of Sweden, is used as the case study. The methodology has two stages. An extensive field work was performed in a selected number of parks to help characterize the parks in Stockholm. This information was gathered with secondary data about parks using Geographic Information System. This pre-assessment was later followed by the analysis of 2008s apartment sales using hedonic modelling to assess the effect of parks alone and in combination with crime rates. Results suggest that the effect of parks on prices vary by park type (increased with, e.g. features of cultural and national interest and decreased with ball games or boating facilities) while an aggregated measure of parks lowers overall apartment prices. More interestingly, findings show that the price of apartments tends to be discounted in areas where parks have relatively high rates of violence and vandalism.
{"title":"Does crime in parks affect apartment prices?","authors":"Asifa Iqbal, V. Ceccato","doi":"10.1080/14043858.2015.1009674","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14043858.2015.1009674","url":null,"abstract":"A park is a desirable feature when people are purchasing a property. Buyers are ready to pay more for properties surrounded by natural amenities, such as a pleasant park. However, if a park is targeted by crime and disorder, then it may have a negative effect on people's appraisal. The aim of this study is to reach a better understanding of how parks and crime rates affect housing prices taking into account residential properties and parks type. Stockholm, the capital of Sweden, is used as the case study. The methodology has two stages. An extensive field work was performed in a selected number of parks to help characterize the parks in Stockholm. This information was gathered with secondary data about parks using Geographic Information System. This pre-assessment was later followed by the analysis of 2008s apartment sales using hedonic modelling to assess the effect of parks alone and in combination with crime rates. Results suggest that the effect of parks on prices vary by park type (increased with, e.g. features of cultural and national interest and decreased with ball games or boating facilities) while an aggregated measure of parks lowers overall apartment prices. More interestingly, findings show that the price of apartments tends to be discounted in areas where parks have relatively high rates of violence and vandalism.","PeriodicalId":88919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scandinavian studies in criminology and crime prevention","volume":"16 1","pages":"121 - 97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14043858.2015.1009674","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60282553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-02DOI: 10.1080/14043858.2014.989668
Sara Uhnoo, Sofia Persson, H. Ekbrand, Sven-Åke Lindgren
Deliberately set school fires cause significant economic, material, and social damage to society. This article aims to contribute to a sociological understanding and explanation of school fires set by juveniles and to the development of effective prevention strategies based on the results obtained. The study draws upon comprehensive empirical data from qualitative and quantitative research consisting of a questionnaire survey, substantive interviews, and document analysis. The findings show firesetting to be a complex, multifaceted phenomenon, which calls for a diversified approach to prevention relying on structural, situational, and social interventions. While juveniles setting schools on fire appear in many respects to be similar to other youths engaged in delinquent behaviours in society, the fires they set can be internally categorized according to firesetting motive, offender characteristics, and modus operandi. The implications of the resulting typology of six main types of school fires for prevention work are discussed, with practical suggestions for effective countermeasures offered.
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