Pub Date : 2015-01-02DOI: 10.1080/14043858.2015.1024945
Nichlas Permin Berger
Drawing upon a narrative criminological theoretical framework, this article explores how probationers use the ADHD diagnosis in self-narratives. Eleven in-depth interviews with probationers diagnosed with ADHD were carried out, while the interviewees were under the supervision of the Danish Probation Service. The analysis of the empirical material shows that the ADHD diagnosis provides a context for their life that helps make sense of and explain their past. Although their self-narratives are in a sense personal stories, they relate ADHD as a neurobiological disorder to their criminal past, using the available cultural narratives (Loseke, D. R. (2007). The study of identity as cultural, institutional, organizational, and personal narratives: Theoretical and empirical integrations. The Sociological Quarterly, 48, 661–688). Three types of co-existing self-narratives were identified: (1) ‘ADHD as my biological destiny’, (2) ‘It should have been discovered earlier in my life’ and (3) ‘I would not have been without ADHD’. As the probationers articulated all three narratives, the particular role of ADHD in the individual self-narratives was ambiguous. The probationers stated that they would not have missed the wild experiences of ‘living on the edge’, while at the same time describing ADHD as a determining factor for their life paths as criminals. Accordingly the probationers tended to explain not the individual offences, but their lives as criminals. Following this, the final section discusses whether their use of ADHD leads to crime-reducing ‘narratives of desistance’ or whether they instead represent crime-increasing ‘neutralization narratives’ (Maruna, S. (2001). Making good: How ex-convicts reform and reclaim their lives. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association; Maruna, S., & Copes, H. (2005). What have we learned from five decades of neutralization research? Crime and Justice, 32, 221–320).
在叙述犯罪学理论框架的基础上，本文探讨了缓刑犯如何在自我叙述中使用ADHD诊断。在丹麦缓刑服务机构的监督下，对被诊断为多动症的缓刑犯进行了11次深入访谈。对经验材料的分析表明，ADHD诊断为他们的生活提供了一个背景，有助于理解和解释他们的过去。虽然他们的自我叙述在某种意义上是个人的故事，但他们将ADHD作为一种神经生物学障碍与他们的犯罪过去联系起来，使用可用的文化叙述(Loseke, dr .(2007))。身份作为文化、制度、组织和个人叙事的研究:理论和经验的整合。社会学季刊，48,661-688)。他们确定了三种共存的自我叙述:(1)“多动症是我的生物学命运”，(2)“我应该在生命的早期就发现它”，(3)“如果没有多动症，我就不会有现在”。当这些受训者清楚地说出这三种叙述时，ADHD在个人自我叙述中的特殊作用是模糊的。这些缓刑犯表示，他们不会错过“生活在边缘”的疯狂经历，同时将注意力缺陷多动症描述为他们作为罪犯的生活道路的决定性因素。因此，缓刑犯倾向于不解释个人罪行，而是解释他们作为罪犯的生活。在此之后，最后一节讨论了ADHD的使用是否会导致犯罪减少的“抵抗叙事”，或者他们是否反而代表了犯罪增加的“中和叙事”(Maruna, S.(2001))。改过自新:有前科的人如何改过自新。华盛顿:美国心理学会;Maruna, S.和Copes, H.(2005)。我们从50年的中和研究中学到了什么?犯罪与司法，32,221-320)。
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Pub Date : 2015-01-02DOI: 10.1080/14043858.2014.987518
Miguel Inzunza
The purpose of this paper is to identify an appropriate conceptual model of empathy from the perspective of police work. This paper draws on the existing literature from two areas of research: (a) the literature describing the characteristics of the ideal police officer from a general perspective, as well as in a specifically Swedish context and (b) the literature analysing empathy as a theoretical construct. It is found that theoretical interdisciplinary approaches in the fields of social psychology and social cognitive neuroscience are relevant. The suggested conceptual model of empathy appropriate for the policing profession incorporates the typically antagonistic nature of police–citizen contacts, personal traits as expressed in interpersonal relations, and the social and cultural context. Because of the diversity and multicultural nature of modern societies, the values guiding police–citizen encounters are given special attention and related to the empathy research tradition. The proposed conceptual model of empathy aims at guiding future research in police–citizen interaction and, ultimately, supporting police practices regarding recruitment, career advancement and fieldwork.
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Pub Date : 2014-07-03DOI: 10.1080/14043858.2014.969919
Janne Kivivuori
The experimental method is generally considered to be the gold standard in the difficult task of ascertaining causal relations. The core of this method is the act of randomising research units into different conditions. Thus, for instance, prisoners could be randomly allocated to receive a specific therapy while others would receive an alternative intervention. Randomisation ensures that the treatment itself is the cause of possible differential effects. Thus, the experimental method can be seen as a multivariate analysis that probes the causal power of a core variable (the intervention or other stimulus) while controlling for all other factors, including unknown factors. Methodological guides for experimental studies often talk of ‘treatment’ and control groups. Some of the other concepts in this field are also such that they evoke visions of medical research (dosage, outcome). This discourse is a natural consequence of the fact that medicine pioneered the rise of experimentation. Similarly, in criminology, randomised controlled trials of crime prevention interventions are sometimes therapies, such as cognitive-behavioural programmes. However, it needs to be stressed that the experimental method can be used to test almost any type of peopleor place-targeted crime prevention intervention. Of course, the experimental method can also be used in theoretical-substantial and methodological research. In a survey setting, for instance, the causal impact of how the nature of crime, or the social status of the offender or victim, impact people’s reactions to crime can be studied by randomising people into their response to different crime scenarios. Methodological research can use the experimental design in assessing whether and how the framing, sequencing or data collection mode of surveys impact responding. Clearly, the experimental method is not just something for the evaluation of treatment effects: its potential application domain is broad. Globally, it is possible to speak of a renaissance of the experimental design and experimental criminology over the recent decades. In the US, the Division of Experimental Criminology (DEC), one of the eight divisions of the American Society of Criminology, promotes the use of randomised trials in the field of criminology and criminal policy. European criminology similarly shows increasing interest in experiments. My participant observer’s tally of the recent Prague conference of the European Society of Criminology (2014) suggests that roughly 8 per cent of the panels included papers that utilised the experimental design. But what about Nordic criminology? A quick look at the articles published in the Journal of Scandinavian Studies in Criminology and Crime Prevention since it was launched locates three articles whose title includes words “experim*” and/or “random*” (Sorensen 2007; Balvig & Holmberg 2011; Kjaer Minke 2011). Counting all articles published from 2000–2013 (N 1⁄4 168), altogether 1.8 per cent thus ap
在确定因果关系这一艰巨任务中，实验方法通常被认为是金标准。该方法的核心是将研究单位随机分配到不同的条件中。例如，囚犯可以被随机分配接受一种特定的治疗，而其他人则接受另一种干预。随机化确保了治疗本身是可能产生不同效果的原因。因此，实验方法可以被视为一种多变量分析，在控制所有其他因素(包括未知因素)的同时，探索一个核心变量(干预或其他刺激)的因果力。实验研究的方法学指南经常提到“治疗”和对照组。这一领域的其他一些概念也使人联想到医学研究(剂量、结果)。这种说法是医学引领实验兴起这一事实的自然结果。同样，在犯罪学中，预防犯罪干预的随机对照试验有时是治疗方法，如认知行为项目。然而，需要强调的是，实验方法可以用于测试几乎任何类型的人或针对地点的预防犯罪干预。当然，实验方法也可以用于理论实体和方法论研究。例如，在一个调查环境中，犯罪的性质或罪犯或受害者的社会地位如何影响人们对犯罪的反应，可以通过随机分配人们对不同犯罪情景的反应来研究。方法学研究可以使用实验设计来评估调查的框架、排序或数据收集模式是否以及如何影响响应。显然，实验方法不仅仅是用来评估治疗效果的:它的潜在应用领域是广泛的。在全球范围内，可以说是近几十年来实验设计和实验犯罪学的复兴。在美国，作为美国犯罪学学会八大分支之一的实验犯罪学分支(DEC)，提倡在犯罪学和刑事政策领域使用随机试验。欧洲犯罪学同样对实验表现出越来越大的兴趣。我的参与观察员对欧洲犯罪学学会(European Society of Criminology)最近在布拉格召开的会议(2014年)的统计表明，大约8%的讨论小组包括了采用实验设计的论文。但是北欧的犯罪学呢?快速浏览一下《斯堪的纳维亚犯罪学与犯罪预防研究杂志》自创刊以来发表的文章，可以找到三篇标题包含“实验”和/或“随机”字样的文章(Sorensen 2007;Balvig & Holmberg 2011;Kjaer Minke 2011)。计算2000年至2013年发表的所有文章(N 1⁄4 168)，总共有1.8%的文章似乎使用或提倡实验方法。虽然这三篇文章的质量很高，但它们的稀少表明实验方法在北欧社会科学犯罪学领域还不是很流行。有趣的是，这三篇文章都是丹麦人写的
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Pub Date : 2014-07-03DOI: 10.1080/14043858.2014.918298
Hanns von Hofer
This article analyses 34 Swedish birth cohorts with regard to their participation in crime as measured by data from the convictions database maintained by Statistics Sweden. Most existing cohort studies are limited to one or a few cohorts. By contrast, the present study includes 34 cohorts, i.e. all persons born in Sweden between 1958 and 1991. The article discusses methodological problems associated with this type of approach and examines the possibility of making forecasts. The central results are that the number of males with a criminal record has decreased, whereas the number of females has remained fairly stable. Forecasts indicate that the cohorts' participation in crime will continue to decrease. Research and policy implications of the findings are outlined. It is proposed to introduce cohort statistics as a standard branch within regular criminal justice statistics.
{"title":"Crime and reactions to crime in 34 Swedish birth cohorts: from historical descriptions to forecasting the future","authors":"Hanns von Hofer","doi":"10.1080/14043858.2014.918298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14043858.2014.918298","url":null,"abstract":"This article analyses 34 Swedish birth cohorts with regard to their participation in crime as measured by data from the convictions database maintained by Statistics Sweden. Most existing cohort studies are limited to one or a few cohorts. By contrast, the present study includes 34 cohorts, i.e. all persons born in Sweden between 1958 and 1991. The article discusses methodological problems associated with this type of approach and examines the possibility of making forecasts. The central results are that the number of males with a criminal record has decreased, whereas the number of females has remained fairly stable. Forecasts indicate that the cohorts' participation in crime will continue to decrease. Research and policy implications of the findings are outlined. It is proposed to introduce cohort statistics as a standard branch within regular criminal justice statistics.","PeriodicalId":88919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scandinavian studies in criminology and crime prevention","volume":"15 1","pages":"167 - 181"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14043858.2014.918298","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60281767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-07-03DOI: 10.1080/14043858.2014.954830
K. Johansson
In crime prevention, local cooperation and networks have recently become central organizing principles and concepts, especially in Nordic countries such as Sweden. This article explores cooperation in Swedish crime prevention by examining a local example, the regional network Regbrå. Regbrå aims to increase knowledge about crime prevention through cooperation and to support local crime prevention efforts by the municipalities in Östergötland County. Regbrå has promoted many universal (primary), selective (secondary), and indicated (tertiary) crime prevention mechanisms. The Regbrå case also merits attention because of its strong links with a local university and higher education. Some shortcomings and problems also emerge in the analysis, such as the possibility that cooperation becomes an end to itself, detached from verified crime reduction effects. The analysis draws on a study of the Regbrå network, including interviews with qualitative experts (N = 10) and a survey sent to involved municipalities (N = 13).
{"title":"Crime prevention cooperation in Sweden: a regional case study","authors":"K. Johansson","doi":"10.1080/14043858.2014.954830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14043858.2014.954830","url":null,"abstract":"In crime prevention, local cooperation and networks have recently become central organizing principles and concepts, especially in Nordic countries such as Sweden. This article explores cooperation in Swedish crime prevention by examining a local example, the regional network Regbrå. Regbrå aims to increase knowledge about crime prevention through cooperation and to support local crime prevention efforts by the municipalities in Östergötland County. Regbrå has promoted many universal (primary), selective (secondary), and indicated (tertiary) crime prevention mechanisms. The Regbrå case also merits attention because of its strong links with a local university and higher education. Some shortcomings and problems also emerge in the analysis, such as the possibility that cooperation becomes an end to itself, detached from verified crime reduction effects. The analysis draws on a study of the Regbrå network, including interviews with qualitative experts (N = 10) and a survey sent to involved municipalities (N = 13).","PeriodicalId":88919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scandinavian studies in criminology and crime prevention","volume":"15 1","pages":"143 - 158"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14043858.2014.954830","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60282337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-07-03DOI: 10.1080/14043858.2014.926062
T. Skardhamar, Mikko Aaltonen, Martti Lehti
Immigrants are known to be overrepresented in the crime statistics of Nordic countries. However, the composition of immigrant populations varies across countries both in terms of immigrants’ country of origin as well as their population structure (age and sex). Cross-country comparison of crime rates is always difficult because of differences in legal systems, but it is even more challenging when using very broad categories of immigrants, lumping heterogeneous groups together. Previous studies have largely compared the entire immigrant population of a country with the majority population, which under-appreciates the heterogeneity that exists across immigrant groups. In this paper, we compare the crime rates in Norway and Finland, while adding additional nuances by reporting crime rates for 25 specific immigrant groups relative to the majority population. The data are gathered from Finnish and Norwegian administrative records, representing or comprising the resident population aged 15–64. We analyse both violent crime and property crime, and we present the results adjusted for population structure (sex and age). The results show considerable similarity in the rank order of crime rates of immigrant groups in the two Nordic countries. Although the current study is mainly descriptive, it aims to set some limits to what it is to be explained. In fact, the diversity is so great that it is questionable whether one should treat immigrants as one single group at all. Whatever the causal mechanisms driving immigrant crime are, it seems plausible that some similar processes are operating across the Nordic region.
{"title":"Immigrant crime in Norway and Finland","authors":"T. Skardhamar, Mikko Aaltonen, Martti Lehti","doi":"10.1080/14043858.2014.926062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14043858.2014.926062","url":null,"abstract":"Immigrants are known to be overrepresented in the crime statistics of Nordic countries. However, the composition of immigrant populations varies across countries both in terms of immigrants’ country of origin as well as their population structure (age and sex). Cross-country comparison of crime rates is always difficult because of differences in legal systems, but it is even more challenging when using very broad categories of immigrants, lumping heterogeneous groups together. Previous studies have largely compared the entire immigrant population of a country with the majority population, which under-appreciates the heterogeneity that exists across immigrant groups. In this paper, we compare the crime rates in Norway and Finland, while adding additional nuances by reporting crime rates for 25 specific immigrant groups relative to the majority population. The data are gathered from Finnish and Norwegian administrative records, representing or comprising the resident population aged 15–64. We analyse both violent crime and property crime, and we present the results adjusted for population structure (sex and age). The results show considerable similarity in the rank order of crime rates of immigrant groups in the two Nordic countries. Although the current study is mainly descriptive, it aims to set some limits to what it is to be explained. In fact, the diversity is so great that it is questionable whether one should treat immigrants as one single group at all. Whatever the causal mechanisms driving immigrant crime are, it seems plausible that some similar processes are operating across the Nordic region.","PeriodicalId":88919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scandinavian studies in criminology and crime prevention","volume":"15 1","pages":"107 - 127"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14043858.2014.926062","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60281462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-07-03DOI: 10.1080/14043858.2014.939452
Anders Nilsson, F. Estrada, Olof Bäckman
There are many factors, both empirical and theoretical, which indicate that drug abuse can play an important role in explaining the links between criminality and life chances when viewed from a life-course perspective. In this article, we examine the links between crime and drug abuse and social inclusion and exclusion in adult life, and look at whether there are gender-specific patterns in these regards. The Stockholm Birth Cohort database allows us to follow a birth cohort born in 1953 to age 56. The results show that drug abuse is central both to processes of continuity in and desistance from crime and to life chances in adulthood. For the adult outcomes that relate to work and health, we also note a tendency towards polarization; the size of both the relative and the absolute differences between the comparison group and offenders with registered drug abuse increases over time. The same general pattern can be seen for males and females.
{"title":"Offending, drug abuse and life chances—a longitudinal study of a Stockholm birth cohort","authors":"Anders Nilsson, F. Estrada, Olof Bäckman","doi":"10.1080/14043858.2014.939452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14043858.2014.939452","url":null,"abstract":"There are many factors, both empirical and theoretical, which indicate that drug abuse can play an important role in explaining the links between criminality and life chances when viewed from a life-course perspective. In this article, we examine the links between crime and drug abuse and social inclusion and exclusion in adult life, and look at whether there are gender-specific patterns in these regards. The Stockholm Birth Cohort database allows us to follow a birth cohort born in 1953 to age 56. The results show that drug abuse is central both to processes of continuity in and desistance from crime and to life chances in adulthood. For the adult outcomes that relate to work and health, we also note a tendency towards polarization; the size of both the relative and the absolute differences between the comparison group and offenders with registered drug abuse increases over time. The same general pattern can be seen for males and females.","PeriodicalId":88919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scandinavian studies in criminology and crime prevention","volume":"15 1","pages":"128 - 142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14043858.2014.939452","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60281803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-07-03DOI: 10.1080/14043858.2014.963931
Martti Lehti
Homicide rates have decreased in Finland since the late 1990s by over 40%. The decrease has been part of a general trend in Western developed nations. This article provides a descriptive single-country case study of the drop by disaggregating and comparing the Finnish homicides during three periods: 1998–2000, 2003–2007 and 2008–2012. The data are mainly from the Finnish Homicide Monitor and comprise all intentional homicides (excluding attempts) reported to the Finnish Police. The study aims to probe the generality versus specificity of the homicide drop in terms of homicide structure and patterns. The results indicate that rather than being completely general, the Finnish drop has been largely driven by a decrease in alcohol-related violence of working-age men. This decline seems to have comprised all male population groups, but in terms of relative risk it has been most drastic among the economically active population and less significant in the traditional high-risk group of Finnish homicidal crime, unemployed alcoholics. However, since the risk and absolute share of homicides committed by unemployed alcoholics are high, lesser risk changes in that category are substantially important. Disaggregated description additionally reveals that the general homicide drop hides ‘localized’ counter-trends such as an increase of crimes committed by young females. The findings are discussed in the context of findings from other European countries and from the point of view of future research needs in homicide drop studies.
{"title":"Homicide drop in Finland, 1996–2012","authors":"Martti Lehti","doi":"10.1080/14043858.2014.963931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14043858.2014.963931","url":null,"abstract":"Homicide rates have decreased in Finland since the late 1990s by over 40%. The decrease has been part of a general trend in Western developed nations. This article provides a descriptive single-country case study of the drop by disaggregating and comparing the Finnish homicides during three periods: 1998–2000, 2003–2007 and 2008–2012. The data are mainly from the Finnish Homicide Monitor and comprise all intentional homicides (excluding attempts) reported to the Finnish Police. The study aims to probe the generality versus specificity of the homicide drop in terms of homicide structure and patterns. The results indicate that rather than being completely general, the Finnish drop has been largely driven by a decrease in alcohol-related violence of working-age men. This decline seems to have comprised all male population groups, but in terms of relative risk it has been most drastic among the economically active population and less significant in the traditional high-risk group of Finnish homicidal crime, unemployed alcoholics. However, since the risk and absolute share of homicides committed by unemployed alcoholics are high, lesser risk changes in that category are substantially important. Disaggregated description additionally reveals that the general homicide drop hides ‘localized’ counter-trends such as an increase of crimes committed by young females. The findings are discussed in the context of findings from other European countries and from the point of view of future research needs in homicide drop studies.","PeriodicalId":88919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scandinavian studies in criminology and crime prevention","volume":"15 1","pages":"182 - 199"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14043858.2014.963931","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60282257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-07-03DOI: 10.1080/14043858.2014.939458
H. Elonheimo
In this article, results from self-report studies in two Finnish cities, Helsinki and Turku, are presented. The aims are to compare the prevalence of youth crime between these cities and changes in delinquency during the observation period. In Helsinki, the surveys took place in 1992, 2006 and 2013, and in Turku, the surveys took place in 1992, 2001, and 2013. With the exception of the Turku 2001 survey, all datasets have been collected under the auspices of the International Self-Report Delinquency Study (ISRD). The most recent survey, ISRD3, targeted comprehensive school pupils from grades 7–9 (ages 13–16), while some of the former studies excluded 7th and/or 8th grades. The results show that (1) the delinquency rates are generally higher in Helsinki than in Turku and (2) the prevalence of both property- and violence-related crimes has decreased, while drug use manifested fluctuating or increasing trends. Overall, the findings are consistent with the observation that there has been a relatively general crime drop in the Western world since the 1990s.
{"title":"Evidence for the crime drop: survey findings from two Finnish cities between 1992 and 2013","authors":"H. Elonheimo","doi":"10.1080/14043858.2014.939458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14043858.2014.939458","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, results from self-report studies in two Finnish cities, Helsinki and Turku, are presented. The aims are to compare the prevalence of youth crime between these cities and changes in delinquency during the observation period. In Helsinki, the surveys took place in 1992, 2006 and 2013, and in Turku, the surveys took place in 1992, 2001, and 2013. With the exception of the Turku 2001 survey, all datasets have been collected under the auspices of the International Self-Report Delinquency Study (ISRD). The most recent survey, ISRD3, targeted comprehensive school pupils from grades 7–9 (ages 13–16), while some of the former studies excluded 7th and/or 8th grades. The results show that (1) the delinquency rates are generally higher in Helsinki than in Turku and (2) the prevalence of both property- and violence-related crimes has decreased, while drug use manifested fluctuating or increasing trends. Overall, the findings are consistent with the observation that there has been a relatively general crime drop in the Western world since the 1990s.","PeriodicalId":88919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scandinavian studies in criminology and crime prevention","volume":"15 1","pages":"209 - 217"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14043858.2014.939458","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60281920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-07-03DOI: 10.1080/14043858.2014.957460
Sven Granath
This descriptive study examines patterns of and trends in violence in public places in Stockholm City, with a focus on offender residential status, repeat offending and the trend in serious violence. The data are taken from official registers of police-reported assault offences in Stockholm City. The findings indicate that public-place violence is for the most part committed by individuals who themselves do not live in the urban core district. Nearly half of the perpetrators have also been victims of violence in public places in Stockholm, and there was a considerable element of repeat offending. As regards the trend since 2001, the total level of reported violence in the public places in Stockholm City has increased. However, serious violence decreased by 30–40% between 2001–2002 and 2011–2012. The findings thus appear to be roughly consistent with the crime drop hypothesis. The results are discussed in relation to situational crime prevention, particularly since new methods of situational ‘hot spots’ policing were adopted in 2006. It is suggested that the trends may reflect situational policing strategies, both in terms of a lessening of the dark figure of violent crime and in terms of the prevention of serious forms of violent offences.
{"title":"Public place violence in Stockholm City: trend, patterns and new police tactics","authors":"Sven Granath","doi":"10.1080/14043858.2014.957460","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14043858.2014.957460","url":null,"abstract":"This descriptive study examines patterns of and trends in violence in public places in Stockholm City, with a focus on offender residential status, repeat offending and the trend in serious violence. The data are taken from official registers of police-reported assault offences in Stockholm City. The findings indicate that public-place violence is for the most part committed by individuals who themselves do not live in the urban core district. Nearly half of the perpetrators have also been victims of violence in public places in Stockholm, and there was a considerable element of repeat offending. As regards the trend since 2001, the total level of reported violence in the public places in Stockholm City has increased. However, serious violence decreased by 30–40% between 2001–2002 and 2011–2012. The findings thus appear to be roughly consistent with the crime drop hypothesis. The results are discussed in relation to situational crime prevention, particularly since new methods of situational ‘hot spots’ policing were adopted in 2006. It is suggested that the trends may reflect situational policing strategies, both in terms of a lessening of the dark figure of violent crime and in terms of the prevention of serious forms of violent offences.","PeriodicalId":88919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scandinavian studies in criminology and crime prevention","volume":"15 1","pages":"200 - 208"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14043858.2014.957460","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60282122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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