Z. Akhoon, M. Shaheen, A. Muhee, S. A. Hussain, D. M. Makhdoomi, Z. Pampori, S. Kamil
Background: The study of rationality in the use of commonly prescribed drugs especially antibiotics and anthelmintics in the Central Kashmir in a retrospective manner of two years from April, 2019 to April, 2021. Methods: A retrospective study was designed to assess rationality of drug use at 4 locations i.e. Veterinary Clinical Complex (VCC) FVSc. and A.H Shuhama SKUAST Kashmir, Intensive Cattle Development Centre (ICDC) Saloora Ganderbal (Department of Animal Husbandry, Govt. of J and K), Intensive Cattle Development Centre (ICDC) Bakura, Ganderbal (Dept. of Animal Husbandry, Govt of J and K) and Poultry Section of District Veterinary Hospital Ganderbal (Dept. of Animal Husbandry Govt. of J and K). Result: A total of 4116 cases were recorded and a total of 11132 medicines/drugs were prescribed. The average number of drugs per prescription came out to be 2.7. Out of all the drugs used 12.10 % were antimicrobials, 3.94% were anthelmintics and 83.96% were other drugs. The most commonly used antibiotics and anthelmintics came out to be Enrofloxacin (17.22%), Ceftriaxone (13.81%), Ivermectin (23.29%) and Fenbendazole (27.17%). The results revealed the therapy to be deviating from rational guidelines as per WHO (2012) set for humans. The irrational, injudicious and indiscriminate use of drugs in veterinary practice leads to the increase in the menace of drug resistance and more chances of drug residues in animal foods like meat, milk, chicken, eggs etc.Background: The study of rationality in the use of commonly prescribed drugs especially antibiotics and anthelmintics in the Central Kashmir in a retrospective manner of two years from April, 2019 to April, 2021.
背景:回顾性研究2019年4月至2021年4月2年克什米尔中部地区常用处方药特别是抗生素和驱虫药使用合理性。方法:采用回顾性研究方法，对兽医临床综合医院(VCC)、FVSc等4个医院的用药合理性进行评估。和A. h . Shuhama SKUAST Kashmir、Saloora Ganderbal牛集约发展中心(ICDC) (J和K邦政府畜牧业部)、Bakura牛集约发展中心(ICDC)、Ganderbal (J和K邦政府畜牧业部)和Ganderbal区兽医医院家禽科(J和K邦政府畜牧业部)。结果:共记录4116例病例，共开了11132种药物/药物。每张处方的平均药物数量为2.7。抗菌药物占12.10%，驱虫药占3.94%，其他药物占83.96%。最常用的抗生素和驱虫药是恩诺沙星(17.22%)、头孢曲松(13.81%)、伊维菌素(23.29%)和芬苯达唑(27.17%)。结果显示，该疗法偏离了世卫组织(2012年)为人类设定的合理指南。兽医实践中不合理、不明智和不加选择地使用药物，导致肉类、牛奶、鸡肉、鸡蛋等动物性食品中耐药性威胁增加和药物残留机会增加。背景:对2019年4月至2021年4月两年的回顾性研究克什米尔中部地区常用处方药特别是抗生素和杀虫药的使用合理性。
{"title":"Assessment of Rationality in the Use of Veterinary Drugs in the Valley of Kashmir","authors":"Z. Akhoon, M. Shaheen, A. Muhee, S. A. Hussain, D. M. Makhdoomi, Z. Pampori, S. Kamil","doi":"10.18805/ajdfr.dr-2090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ajdfr.dr-2090","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The study of rationality in the use of commonly prescribed drugs especially antibiotics and anthelmintics in the Central Kashmir in a retrospective manner of two years from April, 2019 to April, 2021. Methods: A retrospective study was designed to assess rationality of drug use at 4 locations i.e. Veterinary Clinical Complex (VCC) FVSc. and A.H Shuhama SKUAST Kashmir, Intensive Cattle Development Centre (ICDC) Saloora Ganderbal (Department of Animal Husbandry, Govt. of J and K), Intensive Cattle Development Centre (ICDC) Bakura, Ganderbal (Dept. of Animal Husbandry, Govt of J and K) and Poultry Section of District Veterinary Hospital Ganderbal (Dept. of Animal Husbandry Govt. of J and K). Result: A total of 4116 cases were recorded and a total of 11132 medicines/drugs were prescribed. The average number of drugs per prescription came out to be 2.7. Out of all the drugs used 12.10 % were antimicrobials, 3.94% were anthelmintics and 83.96% were other drugs. The most commonly used antibiotics and anthelmintics came out to be Enrofloxacin (17.22%), Ceftriaxone (13.81%), Ivermectin (23.29%) and Fenbendazole (27.17%). The results revealed the therapy to be deviating from rational guidelines as per WHO (2012) set for humans. The irrational, injudicious and indiscriminate use of drugs in veterinary practice leads to the increase in the menace of drug resistance and more chances of drug residues in animal foods like meat, milk, chicken, eggs etc.Background: The study of rationality in the use of commonly prescribed drugs especially antibiotics and anthelmintics in the Central Kashmir in a retrospective manner of two years from April, 2019 to April, 2021.","PeriodicalId":89171,"journal":{"name":"Journal of dairying, foods & home sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44512680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Sohidullah, Md Jannat Hossain, Muhammad Ashiqul Alam, N. Rahman, M. Salauddin, Bidyut Matubber
Background: Mastitis is one of the most devastating conditions for the dairy farms because of its alarming impact on production. Khulna is one of the dairy intensive regions of Bangladesh but comprehensive epidemiological studies regarding prevalence and risk factors of sub-clinical mastitis with antibiogram of the causative bacteria are scant. Therefore, an epidemiological study was conducted in Khulna district to investigate the prevalence and risk factor of sub-clinical mastitis in lactating dairy cows with antibiogram of the causative bacteria. Methods: Five dairy farms were selected and a total of 400 quarter milk samples of 100 dairy cows were subjected to California Mastitis Test to detect sub-clinical mastitis. Antibiogram study was performed to determine sensitivity and resistant pattern of the isolated bacteria. Results: An overall cow level prevalence of sub-clinical mastitis were recorded as 28%. Risk factors like type of breed, body condition score, milk yield, grass feeding, udder washing before milking, drying of the udder after washing, production system, dry cow therapy, stimuli before milking and milking techniques were statistically significant for the occurrence of sub-clinical mastitis. Antibiogram study revealed that most of the isolated 33.03% E. coli and 16.96% Staphylococcus sp. were sensitive to amoxicillin, gentamicin and trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole.
{"title":"Prevalence and Risk Factors of Sub-clinical Mastitis in Lactating Dairy Cows with Special Emphasis on Antibiogram of the Causative Bacteria in Bangladesh","authors":"M. Sohidullah, Md Jannat Hossain, Muhammad Ashiqul Alam, N. Rahman, M. Salauddin, Bidyut Matubber","doi":"10.18805/ajdfr.drf-304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ajdfr.drf-304","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Mastitis is one of the most devastating conditions for the dairy farms because of its alarming impact on production. Khulna is one of the dairy intensive regions of Bangladesh but comprehensive epidemiological studies regarding prevalence and risk factors of sub-clinical mastitis with antibiogram of the causative bacteria are scant. Therefore, an epidemiological study was conducted in Khulna district to investigate the prevalence and risk factor of sub-clinical mastitis in lactating dairy cows with antibiogram of the causative bacteria. Methods: Five dairy farms were selected and a total of 400 quarter milk samples of 100 dairy cows were subjected to California Mastitis Test to detect sub-clinical mastitis. Antibiogram study was performed to determine sensitivity and resistant pattern of the isolated bacteria. Results: An overall cow level prevalence of sub-clinical mastitis were recorded as 28%. Risk factors like type of breed, body condition score, milk yield, grass feeding, udder washing before milking, drying of the udder after washing, production system, dry cow therapy, stimuli before milking and milking techniques were statistically significant for the occurrence of sub-clinical mastitis. Antibiogram study revealed that most of the isolated 33.03% E. coli and 16.96% Staphylococcus sp. were sensitive to amoxicillin, gentamicin and trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole.","PeriodicalId":89171,"journal":{"name":"Journal of dairying, foods & home sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45300576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: This study was conducted to analyse the effect of different enzymes and selenium on production performance and slaughter parameters of Ross (308) broilers production. Method: There were four groups in this experiment, two of them were control and the two test groups. All groups had the same number of one-day-old chickens (20250), moved in the same day. 100 chickens were selected randomly for future analyses. The chickens in the control group were fed with the standard commercial diet which contained crude protein (22.04%, 18.55%, 17.89%) and metabolic energy including selenium (11.99 MJ/kg, 12.64 MJ/kg, 12.79 MJ/kg) for starter, grower and finisher phases respectively. The basal diet was supplemented with: HiPhos - 6 phytase, WX - endo-1,4- betaxylanase, VP-endo-1,3(4)- beta-glucanase and ProAct - serine protease. The experimental group also used organic selenium. Results: Production performance and carcass parameters were not statistically different among treatment groups. Only mortality was decreased in one of the experimental groups (p less than 0.004). Whereas, the use of enzymes and selenium did no effect on the production performance and carcass parameters. The results indicate reduced feed cost of broilers diet with the use of enzymes as feed components. Result from presented work can be considered as complementary contribution in in broiler production.
{"title":"Current Trends with Enzymes Applications in Industrial Broilers Production","authors":"Bilić-Šobot Diana","doi":"10.18805/ajdfr.drf-300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ajdfr.drf-300","url":null,"abstract":"Background: This study was conducted to analyse the effect of different enzymes and selenium on production performance and slaughter parameters of Ross (308) broilers production. Method: There were four groups in this experiment, two of them were control and the two test groups. All groups had the same number of one-day-old chickens (20250), moved in the same day. 100 chickens were selected randomly for future analyses. The chickens in the control group were fed with the standard commercial diet which contained crude protein (22.04%, 18.55%, 17.89%) and metabolic energy including selenium (11.99 MJ/kg, 12.64 MJ/kg, 12.79 MJ/kg) for starter, grower and finisher phases respectively. The basal diet was supplemented with: HiPhos - 6 phytase, WX - endo-1,4- betaxylanase, VP-endo-1,3(4)- beta-glucanase and ProAct - serine protease. The experimental group also used organic selenium. Results: Production performance and carcass parameters were not statistically different among treatment groups. Only mortality was decreased in one of the experimental groups (p less than 0.004). Whereas, the use of enzymes and selenium did no effect on the production performance and carcass parameters. The results indicate reduced feed cost of broilers diet with the use of enzymes as feed components. Result from presented work can be considered as complementary contribution in in broiler production.","PeriodicalId":89171,"journal":{"name":"Journal of dairying, foods & home sciences","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135409597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Suryawanshi, A. Bhosale, G. Bharkad, Onkar Shinde, Aishwarya Jogdand, Niraj Hatwar, Hrishikesh Kamat
Background: Foodborne infections like Listeriosis cover several disorders and are a worldwide public health emergency. Listeria monocytogenes has been isolated from various foodstuffs, including milk and fishes. MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry technique is known for its rapid and accurate identification of bacterial organisms. Methods: In the current research, a total of 360 samples comprising raw milk (130), milk products (125) and freshwater fishes (105) were screened for the detection of pathogenic Listeria species by using the USDA method. The recovered Listeria isolates were characterized using conventional set of biochemical analysis along with sugar fermentation tests and further confirmed by MALDI-TOF MS. The virulent nature of pathogenic Listeria isolates was also assessed by in vitro tests like hemolysis on blood agar, CAMP and PI-PLC assay. Result: In current study, on screening 360 animal origin food samples, three isolates were recovered from raw milk samples and identified as Listeria monocytogenes indicating an overall prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes to the tune of 0.83%. Excellent correlation was observed with identification of Listeria species using conventional phenotypic tests and advanced molecular tool Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) technique. The results depict dependability of advanced technique for rapid and reliable identification of Listeria species.
{"title":"Application of MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry for the Assessment of Prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes in Raw Milk, Dairy Products and Freshwater Fishes","authors":"R. Suryawanshi, A. Bhosale, G. Bharkad, Onkar Shinde, Aishwarya Jogdand, Niraj Hatwar, Hrishikesh Kamat","doi":"10.18805/ajdfr.dr-2095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ajdfr.dr-2095","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Foodborne infections like Listeriosis cover several disorders and are a worldwide public health emergency. Listeria monocytogenes has been isolated from various foodstuffs, including milk and fishes. MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry technique is known for its rapid and accurate identification of bacterial organisms. Methods: In the current research, a total of 360 samples comprising raw milk (130), milk products (125) and freshwater fishes (105) were screened for the detection of pathogenic Listeria species by using the USDA method. The recovered Listeria isolates were characterized using conventional set of biochemical analysis along with sugar fermentation tests and further confirmed by MALDI-TOF MS. The virulent nature of pathogenic Listeria isolates was also assessed by in vitro tests like hemolysis on blood agar, CAMP and PI-PLC assay. Result: In current study, on screening 360 animal origin food samples, three isolates were recovered from raw milk samples and identified as Listeria monocytogenes indicating an overall prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes to the tune of 0.83%. Excellent correlation was observed with identification of Listeria species using conventional phenotypic tests and advanced molecular tool Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) technique. The results depict dependability of advanced technique for rapid and reliable identification of Listeria species.\u0000","PeriodicalId":89171,"journal":{"name":"Journal of dairying, foods & home sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42468558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: A combination of heat-moisture treatment and citric acid was used to modify pearl millet starch in this study. Changes in structural, thermal and in vitro digestibility of the treated starches were investigated. Methods: Native starch was isolated using alkaline steeping method. Native starch was dual modified (Heat moisture treatment and citric acid) used for further analysis. To examine the granular morphology of dual modified starch using SEM, DSC, RC and in vitro starch digestibility assay was assessed to quantify the proportion of digestive starch fractions, including rapidly digestible starch (RDS), slowly digestible starch (SDS) and resistant starch (RS). Result: Granules of the native starches of pearl millet varied from polygonal to circular or oval in shape. Indentations were observed on the surfaces of dual modified starch. Relative crystallinity was less than native starch. Profound increased gelatinization temperature was witnessed, meanwhile enthalpy of gelatinization was decreased. In the dual modified pearl millet starches, the percentage of RDS contents was significantly decreased. The resistant starch (RS) content of the treated starches, however, significantly increased from 11.48% in native starches to 19.40% in HMT starches and 28.3% in dual modified starches.
{"title":"Effect of Dual Modification on the Properties of Native Pearl Millet Starch","authors":"M. Aruna, R. Parimalavalli","doi":"10.18805/ajdfr.dr-2089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ajdfr.dr-2089","url":null,"abstract":"Background: A combination of heat-moisture treatment and citric acid was used to modify pearl millet starch in this study. Changes in structural, thermal and in vitro digestibility of the treated starches were investigated. Methods: Native starch was isolated using alkaline steeping method. Native starch was dual modified (Heat moisture treatment and citric acid) used for further analysis. To examine the granular morphology of dual modified starch using SEM, DSC, RC and in vitro starch digestibility assay was assessed to quantify the proportion of digestive starch fractions, including rapidly digestible starch (RDS), slowly digestible starch (SDS) and resistant starch (RS). Result: Granules of the native starches of pearl millet varied from polygonal to circular or oval in shape. Indentations were observed on the surfaces of dual modified starch. Relative crystallinity was less than native starch. Profound increased gelatinization temperature was witnessed, meanwhile enthalpy of gelatinization was decreased. In the dual modified pearl millet starches, the percentage of RDS contents was significantly decreased. The resistant starch (RS) content of the treated starches, however, significantly increased from 11.48% in native starches to 19.40% in HMT starches and 28.3% in dual modified starches.\u0000","PeriodicalId":89171,"journal":{"name":"Journal of dairying, foods & home sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43890401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Generally cow or buffalo milk is used for manufacture of chakka, but we use cow milk. Inulin, PHGG and psyllium are a natural source of dietary fiber derived from chicory root, gaur gum and isabgol and so it has always been part of the human diet. As per WHO the requirement of dietary fiber in human diet is 23-27 gm/day. In order to solve this problem, dietary fiber can be used, which can improve sensory properties of products in addition to being functional. Milk and milk products considered as a vehicle for dietary fiber would not only take care of their own role in human health but could also enhance the heath fullness of the diet as a whole. Methods: The process of development of fiber-enriched shrikhand was successfully optimized by using response surface methodology (RSM). The selected variables were different levels of fiber powder viz., inulin (2-6%), psyllium (0.5-1.5%) and PHGG (2.5-7.5) and constant sugar concentration (40%). The levels of these factors were three and the experimental design was set up with experimental points having 6 replicates at the center. The center points of the experimental design were defined as 4% inulin 1% of psyllium and 5% partially hydrolyzed guar gum. Flavor, color and appearance, body and texture and overall acceptability were chosen as the responses. Each response is significantly affected by independent variables (p less than 0.05). Result: The process was optimized by comparing inulin to 3.93%, psyllium 0.66% and 4.62% PHGG was suggested by the design expert software based on sensory evaluation. Optimized value shows a higher impact on the pH 4.37±0.06b, acidity 1.10±0.02a, viscosity (cp) 54.22± 0.06a, fat (%) 6.10±0.08d, protein (%) 7.33±0.07a, moisture (%) 39.05±0.08e, ash (%) 3.48±0.04a, total solids (%) 60.95±0.08a, lactose (%) 2.14±0.04e, sucrose (%) 36.33±0.02d and TDF (%) 7.70±0.04a.
{"title":"InfIuence of Partially Hydrolyzed Guar Gum, Psyllium and Inulin as on Physicochemical, Characteristics of Shrikhand","authors":"P. L. Zine, G. Londhe, S. G. Narwade","doi":"10.18805/ajdfr.dr-2102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ajdfr.dr-2102","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Generally cow or buffalo milk is used for manufacture of chakka, but we use cow milk. Inulin, PHGG and psyllium are a natural source of dietary fiber derived from chicory root, gaur gum and isabgol and so it has always been part of the human diet. As per WHO the requirement of dietary fiber in human diet is 23-27 gm/day. In order to solve this problem, dietary fiber can be used, which can improve sensory properties of products in addition to being functional. Milk and milk products considered as a vehicle for dietary fiber would not only take care of their own role in human health but could also enhance the heath fullness of the diet as a whole. Methods: The process of development of fiber-enriched shrikhand was successfully optimized by using response surface methodology (RSM). The selected variables were different levels of fiber powder viz., inulin (2-6%), psyllium (0.5-1.5%) and PHGG (2.5-7.5) and constant sugar concentration (40%). The levels of these factors were three and the experimental design was set up with experimental points having 6 replicates at the center. The center points of the experimental design were defined as 4% inulin 1% of psyllium and 5% partially hydrolyzed guar gum. Flavor, color and appearance, body and texture and overall acceptability were chosen as the responses. Each response is significantly affected by independent variables (p less than 0.05). Result: The process was optimized by comparing inulin to 3.93%, psyllium 0.66% and 4.62% PHGG was suggested by the design expert software based on sensory evaluation. Optimized value shows a higher impact on the pH 4.37±0.06b, acidity 1.10±0.02a, viscosity (cp) 54.22± 0.06a, fat (%) 6.10±0.08d, protein (%) 7.33±0.07a, moisture (%) 39.05±0.08e, ash (%) 3.48±0.04a, total solids (%) 60.95±0.08a, lactose (%) 2.14±0.04e, sucrose (%) 36.33±0.02d and TDF (%) 7.70±0.04a.","PeriodicalId":89171,"journal":{"name":"Journal of dairying, foods & home sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45627931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Maize also known as Zea mays L. is a popular crop in most of the developing countries and cultivated across the world because of its nutritional benefits and its multiple use. Bihar is one of the major maize growing states in India. An analysis of production and its value chain will help the state in providing the further direction for policy making. Methods: The current study explores the status of maize production in Bihar in terms of growth rate and instability index based on the available secondary data for maize production in Bihar from 2000-2021. It also develops a framework of its value chain in the state based on the available secondary related to its inputs and production. Result: The study identifies that the production and yield of maize crop in Bihar have a positive growth trend with a instability ranging between low to medium in case of rabi and summer maize which shows that it is a promising crop in Bihar for improving the income of the farmers. The analysis of the maize value chain reveals that the cost of cultivation of maize in Bihar is ₹56047.96 per hectare whereas the cost of production is ₹1412.98, the major actors in the value chain includes small and marginal farmers, private agro dealers, Krishi Vikash Kendra (KVKs), ATMA, state and central agricultural universities and BRLPS along with Farmer Producing organisation.
{"title":"An Assessment of Maize and its Value Chain in Bihar","authors":"Rashmi Sinha","doi":"10.18805/ajdfr.dr-2062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ajdfr.dr-2062","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Maize also known as Zea mays L. is a popular crop in most of the developing countries and cultivated across the world because of its nutritional benefits and its multiple use. Bihar is one of the major maize growing states in India. An analysis of production and its value chain will help the state in providing the further direction for policy making. Methods: The current study explores the status of maize production in Bihar in terms of growth rate and instability index based on the available secondary data for maize production in Bihar from 2000-2021. It also develops a framework of its value chain in the state based on the available secondary related to its inputs and production. Result: The study identifies that the production and yield of maize crop in Bihar have a positive growth trend with a instability ranging between low to medium in case of rabi and summer maize which shows that it is a promising crop in Bihar for improving the income of the farmers. The analysis of the maize value chain reveals that the cost of cultivation of maize in Bihar is ₹56047.96 per hectare whereas the cost of production is ₹1412.98, the major actors in the value chain includes small and marginal farmers, private agro dealers, Krishi Vikash Kendra (KVKs), ATMA, state and central agricultural universities and BRLPS along with Farmer Producing organisation.\u0000","PeriodicalId":89171,"journal":{"name":"Journal of dairying, foods & home sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46945597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. A. Miah, D. Roy, K. Sujan, Kazi Khalil, A. Mustari
Background: The high saturated fatty acid content of beef has been linked to obesity and cardiovascular diseases. The study investigated the impact of black seed oil (BSO) on beef fat-altered hemato-biochemical and pathophysiological alterations in albino mice. Methods: Twenty four Swiss Albino mice (Mus musculus) of 25-28 days old were equally divided into three groups (n=8) namely A, B and C. Mice of group A was designated as the untreated control group. Groups B and C were fed pellets containing 10% beef fat and 10% BSO, respectively for 9 weeks. Result: The results revealed that beef fat-fed mice gained weight and BSO normalized the weight gain. The hematological values of beef fat supplemented mice improved after being supplemented with 10% BSO. LDL-c, Triglycerides and total cholesterol levels were all significantly lower in mice fed BSO plus beef fat. HDL-c levels were significantly higher in BSO plus beef fat-fed mice. Spleens in BSO plus beef fat-fed mice were slightly enlarged without gross abnormalities. 10% beef fat caused minor changes in the histostructures of the kidney, heart and liver. There were significant changes in cardiac muscle and massive fatty changes in kidney tissue. This study concluded that BSO has beneficial effects on the body and can prevent beef fat-induced abnormalities.
{"title":"Black Seed Oil Improves Beef Fat-induced Blood-biochemical Abnormalities in Swiss Albino Mice","authors":"M. A. Miah, D. Roy, K. Sujan, Kazi Khalil, A. Mustari","doi":"10.18805/ajdfr.drf-296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ajdfr.drf-296","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The high saturated fatty acid content of beef has been linked to obesity and cardiovascular diseases. The study investigated the impact of black seed oil (BSO) on beef fat-altered hemato-biochemical and pathophysiological alterations in albino mice. Methods: Twenty four Swiss Albino mice (Mus musculus) of 25-28 days old were equally divided into three groups (n=8) namely A, B and C. Mice of group A was designated as the untreated control group. Groups B and C were fed pellets containing 10% beef fat and 10% BSO, respectively for 9 weeks. Result: The results revealed that beef fat-fed mice gained weight and BSO normalized the weight gain. The hematological values of beef fat supplemented mice improved after being supplemented with 10% BSO. LDL-c, Triglycerides and total cholesterol levels were all significantly lower in mice fed BSO plus beef fat. HDL-c levels were significantly higher in BSO plus beef fat-fed mice. Spleens in BSO plus beef fat-fed mice were slightly enlarged without gross abnormalities. 10% beef fat caused minor changes in the histostructures of the kidney, heart and liver. There were significant changes in cardiac muscle and massive fatty changes in kidney tissue. This study concluded that BSO has beneficial effects on the body and can prevent beef fat-induced abnormalities.\u0000","PeriodicalId":89171,"journal":{"name":"Journal of dairying, foods & home sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47960629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Climate change is no more a myth but a reality supported by scientific evidence. The rapid change in environmental green house gases post industrialization is one such indicator responsible for global warming. Atmospheric concentrations of core GHGs carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide have increased by 43%, 154% and 21%, respectively between 1750 to 2013. Similarly global average air temperature has increased from 0.74 in 1906 to 1.2°C in 2020 and sea level by 8 inches in last century, besides increased frequency in natural hazards like floods, draughts, cloud bursts, storms, typhoons and heat waves. The changing climate has negative impacts on human life as well as on livestock. However, livestock is believed to be the main contributor of methane, an important green house gas with 21 times more global warming potential in comparison to carbon dioxide. Since human population has tremendously increased and is further expected to increase by 33% till 2050 and at the same time due to urbanization, improved incomes and increased purchasing capacity, the demand for food of animal origin is increasing. In order to have food and nutritional security the production of livestock products is a necessity. Therefore, on one hand increase in livestock production and on the other hand minimizing the GHG emissions, the livestock sector warrants climate smart livestock production which will encompass climate resilient, environmentally sustainable, economically viable production of nutritious, safe, affordable livestock food and products.
{"title":"Climate Smart Livestock Production - Call for Food Security: A Review","authors":"Zahoor A. Pampori, Aasif. A Sheikh","doi":"10.18805/ajdfr.dr-2000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ajdfr.dr-2000","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change is no more a myth but a reality supported by scientific evidence. The rapid change in environmental green house gases post industrialization is one such indicator responsible for global warming. Atmospheric concentrations of core GHGs carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide have increased by 43%, 154% and 21%, respectively between 1750 to 2013. Similarly global average air temperature has increased from 0.74 in 1906 to 1.2°C in 2020 and sea level by 8 inches in last century, besides increased frequency in natural hazards like floods, draughts, cloud bursts, storms, typhoons and heat waves. The changing climate has negative impacts on human life as well as on livestock. However, livestock is believed to be the main contributor of methane, an important green house gas with 21 times more global warming potential in comparison to carbon dioxide. Since human population has tremendously increased and is further expected to increase by 33% till 2050 and at the same time due to urbanization, improved incomes and increased purchasing capacity, the demand for food of animal origin is increasing. In order to have food and nutritional security the production of livestock products is a necessity. Therefore, on one hand increase in livestock production and on the other hand minimizing the GHG emissions, the livestock sector warrants climate smart livestock production which will encompass climate resilient, environmentally sustainable, economically viable production of nutritious, safe, affordable livestock food and products.","PeriodicalId":89171,"journal":{"name":"Journal of dairying, foods & home sciences","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135690891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Henna Hamadani, A.A. Khan, H.M. Khan, M.T. Banday, M.S. Mir, P. Reshi, I.U. Sheikh, S.A. Wani
Background: The dairy sector is not only a source of sustainable livelihood but is also an appropriate means of socio-economic development. The present study was conducted with the aim of studying the socio-economic status of dairy farmers in the Srinagar district of Jammu and Kashmir. Methods: Information was sought from the selected respondents (616 farmers) on basis of the interview schedule using a pre-tested questionnaire regarding their family type, size and composition, literacy level, livelihood status, occupation, housing and land holding status and livestock inventory. The study period encompassed 2013 to 2017. Result: It was observed that 75.32% dairy farmers lived in nuclear families whereas the remaining 24.68% had joint families. Based on size, 22.89, 56.49 and 20.62% farmers had small, medium and large families respectively. Average nuclear and joint family was observed to have 5.07±0.07 and 12.40±0.40 members respectively. On an average, family comprised of 2.18±0.05 adult males, 2.32±0.05 adult females, 1.16±0.05 ± male children and 0.95±0.06 female children. The overall literacy rate of the family was 66.20±1.04%. Dairy farming was the main occupation of 30.19% of the surveyed farmers while it was subsidiary for the remaining. Out of the total farmers surveyed, 62.66% had land while 37.34% farmers were landless. Livestock other than cattle kept by these dairy farmers included sheep, goat, poultry, horses, rabbits and buffaloes. The shift in literacy level from low level of family heads to medium level of overall family members and 100% schooling of children indicates improvement in social status of dairy farmers through various generations.
{"title":"Socio-economic Status of Dairy Farmers in the Srinagar District of Jammu and Kashmir","authors":"Henna Hamadani, A.A. Khan, H.M. Khan, M.T. Banday, M.S. Mir, P. Reshi, I.U. Sheikh, S.A. Wani","doi":"10.18805/ajdfr.dr-2065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ajdfr.dr-2065","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The dairy sector is not only a source of sustainable livelihood but is also an appropriate means of socio-economic development. The present study was conducted with the aim of studying the socio-economic status of dairy farmers in the Srinagar district of Jammu and Kashmir. Methods: Information was sought from the selected respondents (616 farmers) on basis of the interview schedule using a pre-tested questionnaire regarding their family type, size and composition, literacy level, livelihood status, occupation, housing and land holding status and livestock inventory. The study period encompassed 2013 to 2017. Result: It was observed that 75.32% dairy farmers lived in nuclear families whereas the remaining 24.68% had joint families. Based on size, 22.89, 56.49 and 20.62% farmers had small, medium and large families respectively. Average nuclear and joint family was observed to have 5.07±0.07 and 12.40±0.40 members respectively. On an average, family comprised of 2.18±0.05 adult males, 2.32±0.05 adult females, 1.16±0.05 ± male children and 0.95±0.06 female children. The overall literacy rate of the family was 66.20±1.04%. Dairy farming was the main occupation of 30.19% of the surveyed farmers while it was subsidiary for the remaining. Out of the total farmers surveyed, 62.66% had land while 37.34% farmers were landless. Livestock other than cattle kept by these dairy farmers included sheep, goat, poultry, horses, rabbits and buffaloes. The shift in literacy level from low level of family heads to medium level of overall family members and 100% schooling of children indicates improvement in social status of dairy farmers through various generations.","PeriodicalId":89171,"journal":{"name":"Journal of dairying, foods & home sciences","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135643354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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