Pub Date : 2017-07-03DOI: 10.1080/10611983.2017.1392213
I. Grebenkin
The article presents an analysis of the complex and contradictory process of the disintegration of the Russian army, which took place during the last year of World War I and was accompanied by revolutionary events in 1917 and early 1918. The main assessments of this phenomenon in the historiography are described. The author argues that the prerequisites for the decay were caused by a number of social features of the Imperial army while signs of the disintegration could be seen during the entire war. The events of the revolution and the development of the political struggle in the army only facilitated disintegration and made it irreversible.
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Pub Date : 2017-07-03DOI: 10.1080/10611983.2017.1392211
I. Grebenkin
The article deals with the evolution of military officers’ political moods during the First World War. Democratization of the officer corps was a result of mass mobilization in war time, which united different classes and social groups. Among the main factors politicizing the military officers were the course of the war and the growing crisis in Russia. The most typical perception models, which determined the oppositional political views of the officers in 1916–1917, have been analyzed.
{"title":"From War to Revolution","authors":"I. Grebenkin","doi":"10.1080/10611983.2017.1392211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10611983.2017.1392211","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with the evolution of military officers’ political moods during the First World War. Democratization of the officer corps was a result of mass mobilization in war time, which united different classes and social groups. Among the main factors politicizing the military officers were the course of the war and the growing crisis in Russia. The most typical perception models, which determined the oppositional political views of the officers in 1916–1917, have been analyzed.","PeriodicalId":89267,"journal":{"name":"Russian studies in history","volume":"56 1","pages":"145 - 158"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10611983.2017.1392211","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43437156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-07-03DOI: 10.1080/10611983.2017.1392215
I. Grebenkin
The following article deals with Russian Army officers’ participation in the Revolution and the Civil War in Russia. We analyze officers’ motivation in their political choices and behavior in the course of a coup d’etat and the development of civil conflict. Some conclusions are drawn concerning the peculiarities of the continuity in military traditions during revolutionary changes in the state and society.
{"title":"Revolution and Counterrevolution","authors":"I. Grebenkin","doi":"10.1080/10611983.2017.1392215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10611983.2017.1392215","url":null,"abstract":"The following article deals with Russian Army officers’ participation in the Revolution and the Civil War in Russia. We analyze officers’ motivation in their political choices and behavior in the course of a coup d’etat and the development of civil conflict. Some conclusions are drawn concerning the peculiarities of the continuity in military traditions during revolutionary changes in the state and society.","PeriodicalId":89267,"journal":{"name":"Russian studies in history","volume":"56 1","pages":"212 - 222"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10611983.2017.1392215","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48608549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-07-03DOI: 10.1080/10611983.2017.1392212
I. Grebenkin
The research focuses on the role and importance of the Russian Imperial Army supreme commanders during the revolutionary unrest in February 1917. Considerable attention is paid to the interaction between the Supreme Commander’s Headquarters and the representatives of different political forces, as well as to the origin and development of the conflict between the military commanders and political leaders of the country during World War I. The top generals’ position in the circumstances of the unfolding revolution and their participation in the abdication of Nicholas II is analyzed.
{"title":"The Stavka of the Supreme High Command during the Revolution of February 1917","authors":"I. Grebenkin","doi":"10.1080/10611983.2017.1392212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10611983.2017.1392212","url":null,"abstract":"The research focuses on the role and importance of the Russian Imperial Army supreme commanders during the revolutionary unrest in February 1917. Considerable attention is paid to the interaction between the Supreme Commander’s Headquarters and the representatives of different political forces, as well as to the origin and development of the conflict between the military commanders and political leaders of the country during World War I. The top generals’ position in the circumstances of the unfolding revolution and their participation in the abdication of Nicholas II is analyzed.","PeriodicalId":89267,"journal":{"name":"Russian studies in history","volume":"56 1","pages":"159 - 171"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10611983.2017.1392212","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41562083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-07-03DOI: 10.1080/10611983.2017.1392210
V. Stepanov
Of all the factors that led to the fateful events of 1917 in Russia, the war situation was one of the most significant. World War I formed the historical background and catalyst of the revolution. The government’s ineffective policy, the failure of a number of military operations, the colossal material and human losses, and the enormous strain under which the country functioned that was caused by the mobilization of the armed forces and the economy engendered widespread dissatisfaction among large swaths of the population. In this situation, the army began to represent a powerful social force, and the higher military command became an influential participant in political processes. After the February Revolution, the question of war and peace was one of the most difficult problems facing the Provisional Government, and it was the failure to resolve this issue that led to a new coup d’état. The decision to continue to pursue the war and to mobilize an army of millions of soldiers helped to rapidly escalate the political conflict until it eventually erupted into a prolonged and bloody civil war. Modern historians have released promising studies of this sprawling and relevant topic, significantly expanding the problematic field of the history of the Russian Revolution of 1917. These studies have provided opportunities for specialists to use new approaches, and they have, in particular, identified participants in the revolutionary process, determined the role and fate of individual social groups in the revolution, and revealed special types of
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Pub Date : 2017-07-03DOI: 10.1080/10611983.2017.1392214
I. Grebenkin
The article is devoted to the destiny of General L.G. Kornilov as one of the most strikingrevolutionary-era military leaders who was at the head of the White movement at its birth. The main stages of his military career such as his becoming a military professional, his participation in the military campaigns and forming the characteristics of a general-commander, and his political ascent in 1917 are considered. The central part of the article is devoted to the analysis of Kornilov’s role as the leader of the military anti-democratic opposition who squared off against the Provisional Government and as the first Commander-in-Chief of the Volunteer Army who took the charge of anti-Bolshevik opposition in the south of Russia.
{"title":"General L.G. Kornilov: A Rough Sketch for a Character Portrait","authors":"I. Grebenkin","doi":"10.1080/10611983.2017.1392214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10611983.2017.1392214","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the destiny of General L.G. Kornilov as one of the most strikingrevolutionary-era military leaders who was at the head of the White movement at its birth. The main stages of his military career such as his becoming a military professional, his participation in the military campaigns and forming the characteristics of a general-commander, and his political ascent in 1917 are considered. The central part of the article is devoted to the analysis of Kornilov’s role as the leader of the military anti-democratic opposition who squared off against the Provisional Government and as the first Commander-in-Chief of the Volunteer Army who took the charge of anti-Bolshevik opposition in the south of Russia.","PeriodicalId":89267,"journal":{"name":"Russian studies in history","volume":"56 1","pages":"188 - 211"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10611983.2017.1392214","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46275801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-04-03DOI: 10.1080/10611983.2017.1372982
V. Aksenov
The prevalence of folktales, fairy tales, and rumors in Russian peasant consciousness also determined peasants’ and soldiers’ understanding of World War I.
民间故事、童话和谣言在俄罗斯农民意识中的盛行也决定了农民和士兵对第一次世界大战的理解。
{"title":"The War and the Regime in Peasant Popular Consciousness, 1914–1917","authors":"V. Aksenov","doi":"10.1080/10611983.2017.1372982","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10611983.2017.1372982","url":null,"abstract":"The prevalence of folktales, fairy tales, and rumors in Russian peasant consciousness also determined peasants’ and soldiers’ understanding of World War I.","PeriodicalId":89267,"journal":{"name":"Russian studies in history","volume":"56 1","pages":"126 - 140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10611983.2017.1372982","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46156514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-04-03DOI: 10.1080/10611983.2017.1372980
A. Astashov
The main factor undermining the Russian army during World War I was not revolutionary propaganda but the predominance of peasants among the soldiers. The underlying peasant mindset, which persisted despite orders from above, led to fraternization with the enemy, the unintentional revelation of military secrets, and the development of views on internal and external enemies that contributed to military defeat and revolutionary upheavals.
{"title":"The Russian Peasant at the Front during the First World War","authors":"A. Astashov","doi":"10.1080/10611983.2017.1372980","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10611983.2017.1372980","url":null,"abstract":"The main factor undermining the Russian army during World War I was not revolutionary propaganda but the predominance of peasants among the soldiers. The underlying peasant mindset, which persisted despite orders from above, led to fraternization with the enemy, the unintentional revelation of military secrets, and the development of views on internal and external enemies that contributed to military defeat and revolutionary upheavals.","PeriodicalId":89267,"journal":{"name":"Russian studies in history","volume":"56 1","pages":"114 - 90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10611983.2017.1372980","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41431824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-04-03DOI: 10.1080/10611983.2017.1372981
K. Samokhin
The peasantry of Tambov Oblast, located a significant distance from the fighting in World War I, was poorly prepared for Russia’s entry into the war and driven to participate largely by rumors that peasant landholdings would increase as a result.
{"title":"The Tambov Peasantry during the First World War (1914–February 1917)","authors":"K. Samokhin","doi":"10.1080/10611983.2017.1372981","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10611983.2017.1372981","url":null,"abstract":"The peasantry of Tambov Oblast, located a significant distance from the fighting in World War I, was poorly prepared for Russia’s entry into the war and driven to participate largely by rumors that peasant landholdings would increase as a result.","PeriodicalId":89267,"journal":{"name":"Russian studies in history","volume":"56 1","pages":"115 - 125"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10611983.2017.1372981","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41789424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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