Pub Date : 2018-05-31DOI: 10.2174/1874421401806010007
E. I. Elshafie, R. Sani, R. Sharma, I. Abubakar
No outbreak has been reported on Trypanosoma evansi infection in Malaysia ponies since 1983, and little is known about the interaction between T. evansi and ponies in the country. Therefore, an experimental study was designed to evaluate the pathogenicity of a local strain of T. evansi in the local ponies. For this purpose, four healthy local ponies were inoculated with 102 live trypanosomes/kg body weight, whereas two ponies served as negative control. Blood samples and rectal temperature were collected on alternate days from both groups for 54 days. Physical examination comprised visible mucous membrane and any appearance of clinical signs were observed daily. The number of trypanosomes was estimated using the Neubauer haemocytometer method. Complete haemogram measurements were performed immediately using an automated blood cell counter and the data obtained was evaluated using the general linear model as linear regression. All infected ponies were salvaged treated with 7 mg/kg of diminazene diaceturate. The four infected ponies developed parasitaemia on the 4th day post-infection (DPI), whereas the first high mean of parasites count was recorded on the 8th DPI. Parasitaemia was detected at a level that fluctuated throughout the infection period (30 days) in all infected ponies with a mean of 13.5x106 trypanosomes/ml blood on the 30th DPI. Successive peaks of pyrexia were accompanied by the peaks of parasitaemia and the highest temperature (39.4°C) was observed on the 20th DPI. Excessive weakness and a reduction of appetite fluctuated in the infected ponies during the infection and one animal died unexpectedly on the 23rd DPI. The mean values for RBC, PCV, Hb and thrombocyte count were significantly lower in the infected ponies than the control groups. Neutrophil and eosinophil were significantly declined after the onset of parasitaemia, whereas monocyte increased significantly in the infected group. The appearance of clinical signs and changes in haematological parameters suggests that Malaysian local ponies are susceptible to T. evansi infection. Treatment of the infected ponies with the recommended dosage of diminazene diaceturate was successful in the surviving ponies.
{"title":"Clinical and Hematological Profiles of Malaysian Ponies Experimentally Infected with a Field Strain of Trypanosoma evansi","authors":"E. I. Elshafie, R. Sani, R. Sharma, I. Abubakar","doi":"10.2174/1874421401806010007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874421401806010007","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 No outbreak has been reported on Trypanosoma evansi infection in Malaysia ponies since 1983, and little is known about the interaction between T. evansi and ponies in the country. Therefore, an experimental study was designed to evaluate the pathogenicity of a local strain of T. evansi in the local ponies.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 For this purpose, four healthy local ponies were inoculated with 102 live trypanosomes/kg body weight, whereas two ponies served as negative control. Blood samples and rectal temperature were collected on alternate days from both groups for 54 days. Physical examination comprised visible mucous membrane and any appearance of clinical signs were observed daily. The number of trypanosomes was estimated using the Neubauer haemocytometer method. Complete haemogram measurements were performed immediately using an automated blood cell counter and the data obtained was evaluated using the general linear model as linear regression. All infected ponies were salvaged treated with 7 mg/kg of diminazene diaceturate.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The four infected ponies developed parasitaemia on the 4th day post-infection (DPI), whereas the first high mean of parasites count was recorded on the 8th DPI. Parasitaemia was detected at a level that fluctuated throughout the infection period (30 days) in all infected ponies with a mean of 13.5x106 trypanosomes/ml blood on the 30th DPI. Successive peaks of pyrexia were accompanied by the peaks of parasitaemia and the highest temperature (39.4°C) was observed on the 20th DPI. Excessive weakness and a reduction of appetite fluctuated in the infected ponies during the infection and one animal died unexpectedly on the 23rd DPI. The mean values for RBC, PCV, Hb and thrombocyte count were significantly lower in the infected ponies than the control groups. Neutrophil and eosinophil were significantly declined after the onset of parasitaemia, whereas monocyte increased significantly in the infected group.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The appearance of clinical signs and changes in haematological parameters suggests that Malaysian local ponies are susceptible to T. evansi infection. Treatment of the infected ponies with the recommended dosage of diminazene diaceturate was successful in the surviving ponies.\u0000","PeriodicalId":89294,"journal":{"name":"The open parasitology journal","volume":"411 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84881888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-10DOI: 10.2174/1874421401806010001
I. Khammari, M. Ghali, Salsabil Nasri, I. Dhib, H. Chouaieb, A. Yaacoub, M. B. Said, R. Letaief, A. Fathallah
CASE REPORT Hydatid Recurrence Medically Treated by Albendazole Imen Khammari, Mohamed Amine El Ghali, Salsabil Nasri, Imen Dhib, Hamed Chouaieb, Alia Yaacoub, Moncef Ben Said, Rached Letaief and Akila Fathallah Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, Mohamed Karoui street, 4002, Sousse, Tunisia General and Digestive Surgery Department, Farhat Hached University Hospital, Ibn Jazzar Street, Sousse, 4000, Tunisia Laboratory of Parasitology, Farhat Hached University Hospital, Ibn Jazzar Street, Sousse, 4000, Tunisia
阿本达唑治疗包虫病复发Imen Khammari, Mohamed Amine El Ghali, Salsabil Nasri, Imen Dhib, Hamed Chouaieb, Alia Yaacoub, Moncef Ben Said, rach Letaief和Akila Fathallah苏塞医学院寄生虫学实验室，Mohamed Karoui街4002，苏塞，突尼斯普通和消化外科，Farhat Hached大学医院，Ibn Jazzar街，苏塞，4000，突尼斯Farhat Hached大学医院寄生虫学实验室，Ibn Jazzar街，苏塞，4000，突尼斯
{"title":"Hydatid Recurrence Medically Treated by Albendazole","authors":"I. Khammari, M. Ghali, Salsabil Nasri, I. Dhib, H. Chouaieb, A. Yaacoub, M. B. Said, R. Letaief, A. Fathallah","doi":"10.2174/1874421401806010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874421401806010001","url":null,"abstract":"CASE REPORT Hydatid Recurrence Medically Treated by Albendazole Imen Khammari, Mohamed Amine El Ghali, Salsabil Nasri, Imen Dhib, Hamed Chouaieb, Alia Yaacoub, Moncef Ben Said, Rached Letaief and Akila Fathallah Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, Mohamed Karoui street, 4002, Sousse, Tunisia General and Digestive Surgery Department, Farhat Hached University Hospital, Ibn Jazzar Street, Sousse, 4000, Tunisia Laboratory of Parasitology, Farhat Hached University Hospital, Ibn Jazzar Street, Sousse, 4000, Tunisia","PeriodicalId":89294,"journal":{"name":"The open parasitology journal","volume":"4 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80403586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-03-07DOI: 10.2174/1874421401405010001
N. L. Atehmengo, I. Idika, Ag. Shehu
Climate change and global warming are important phenomena and do not mean the same thing as is wrongly conceived by some individuals. However, the link between the two is strong and one, global warming is strictly an average increase in the temperature of the atmosphere near the earth's surface and in the troposphere, while the other, climate change is more diverse and refers to any significant change in measures of climate such as temperature, precipitation, or wind lasting for a long period of time usually several years. Climate change could thus be an increase or decrease in temperature. The most important of the two terms which is under spotlight is global warming, an increase in temperature which has been blamed largely to greenhouse effect. There can no longer be any doubt that the earth's climate is changing. It is now obvious that even the most hardened sceptics are starting to waiver in their convictions. Climate has been thrown completely out of kilter and each day brings fresh proof such as frequent and more violent cyclones in the Caribean, floods in Africa, the Philippines, the gradual sinking of Islands in the Pacific, heat waves in Europe and the melting of glaciers. There is increase in global average air and ocean temperatures, widespread melting of snow and rising global average sea level. Impacts of global warming include the emergence and re-emergence of some parasitic infections and diseases.
{"title":"Climate Change/Global Warming and Its Impacts on Parasitology/ Entomology","authors":"N. L. Atehmengo, I. Idika, Ag. Shehu","doi":"10.2174/1874421401405010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874421401405010001","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change and global warming are important phenomena and do not mean the same thing as is wrongly conceived by some individuals. However, the link between the two is strong and one, global warming is strictly an average increase in the temperature of the atmosphere near the earth's surface and in the troposphere, while the other, climate change is more diverse and refers to any significant change in measures of climate such as temperature, precipitation, or wind lasting for a long period of time usually several years. Climate change could thus be an increase or decrease in temperature. The most important of the two terms which is under spotlight is global warming, an increase in temperature which has been blamed largely to greenhouse effect. There can no longer be any doubt that the earth's climate is changing. It is now obvious that even the most hardened sceptics are starting to waiver in their convictions. Climate has been thrown completely out of kilter and each day brings fresh proof such as frequent and more violent cyclones in the Caribean, floods in Africa, the Philippines, the gradual sinking of Islands in the Pacific, heat waves in Europe and the melting of glaciers. There is increase in global average air and ocean temperatures, widespread melting of snow and rising global average sea level. Impacts of global warming include the emergence and re-emergence of some parasitic infections and diseases.","PeriodicalId":89294,"journal":{"name":"The open parasitology journal","volume":"45 1","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79715059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-12-10DOI: 10.2174/1874421401004010098
N. Cunha-e-Silva, C. Sant’Anna, M. G. Pereira, W. Souza
Endocytic activity is particularly intense in Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes, while in amastigotes and trypo- mastigotes it is untraceable. Cargo molecules enters through the cytostome or flagellar pocket at the parasite anterior re- gion, goes along a branched early endosomal network of tubules and vesicles spread from nuclear periphery to the pos- terior pole, until delivery to reservosomes, the final compartment. Reservosomes are acid compartments that store protein and lipid cargo and also accumulate lysosomal hydrolases, modulating digestive activity. Although T. cruzi infective forms are unable to uptake molecules, its lysosome related organelles represent a potential targets for anti-parasitic chemotherapy.
{"title":"Endocytosis in Trypanosoma cruzi","authors":"N. Cunha-e-Silva, C. Sant’Anna, M. G. Pereira, W. Souza","doi":"10.2174/1874421401004010098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874421401004010098","url":null,"abstract":"Endocytic activity is particularly intense in Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes, while in amastigotes and trypo- mastigotes it is untraceable. Cargo molecules enters through the cytostome or flagellar pocket at the parasite anterior re- gion, goes along a branched early endosomal network of tubules and vesicles spread from nuclear periphery to the pos- terior pole, until delivery to reservosomes, the final compartment. Reservosomes are acid compartments that store protein and lipid cargo and also accumulate lysosomal hydrolases, modulating digestive activity. Although T. cruzi infective forms are unable to uptake molecules, its lysosome related organelles represent a potential targets for anti-parasitic chemotherapy.","PeriodicalId":89294,"journal":{"name":"The open parasitology journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"98-101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85930690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-12-10DOI: 10.2174/1874421401004010156
J. S. Toledo, E. Vasconcelos, T. Ferreira, A. Cruz
The genomes of different species of Leishmania have been deciphered in recent years. We learned that the ge- nome content and organization of Leishmania major, Leishmania braziliensis and Leishmania infantum are highly similar and annotation of these genomes revealed that there are few species-specific genes. Association of genome information with reverse and forward genetics approaches allows posing and answering relevant biological questions in a novel way. In this article we briefly present an overview of relevant aspects of genome organization of the Leishmania and how this information can be used to improve our understanding of the biology, pathogenesis, host-parasite interaction issues. We present some of the most useful bioinformatics tools/softwares, which are currently available and how each one of them can be used to explore the genome supporting a wide variety of queries. We included other computational tools which al- low integrating the genome data with biochemical pathways revealing metabolic and regulatory networks to be investi- gated. Finally, we discuss reverse and forward genetic tools available and finalize with considerations on established and novel high-throughput approaches at the genome, transcriptome and proteome levels.
{"title":"Using Genomic Information to Understand Leishmania Biology","authors":"J. S. Toledo, E. Vasconcelos, T. Ferreira, A. Cruz","doi":"10.2174/1874421401004010156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874421401004010156","url":null,"abstract":"The genomes of different species of Leishmania have been deciphered in recent years. We learned that the ge- nome content and organization of Leishmania major, Leishmania braziliensis and Leishmania infantum are highly similar and annotation of these genomes revealed that there are few species-specific genes. Association of genome information with reverse and forward genetics approaches allows posing and answering relevant biological questions in a novel way. In this article we briefly present an overview of relevant aspects of genome organization of the Leishmania and how this information can be used to improve our understanding of the biology, pathogenesis, host-parasite interaction issues. We present some of the most useful bioinformatics tools/softwares, which are currently available and how each one of them can be used to explore the genome supporting a wide variety of queries. We included other computational tools which al- low integrating the genome data with biochemical pathways revealing metabolic and regulatory networks to be investi- gated. Finally, we discuss reverse and forward genetic tools available and finalize with considerations on established and novel high-throughput approaches at the genome, transcriptome and proteome levels.","PeriodicalId":89294,"journal":{"name":"The open parasitology journal","volume":"69 1","pages":"156-166"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83266203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-12-10DOI: 10.2174/1874421401004010030
A. Lopes, T. Souto-Padrón, F. Dias, M. T. Gomes, Giseli Capaci Rodrigues, Luciana T. Zimmermann, Thiago L A Silva, Alane Beatriz Vermelho
Trypanosomatids cause many diseases in and on animals (including humans) and plants. Altogether, about 37 million people are infected with Trypanosoma brucei (African sleeping sickness), Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas disease) and Leishmania species (distinct forms of leishmaniasis worldwide). The class Kinetoplastea is divided into the subclasses Prokinetoplastina (order Prokinetoplastida) and Metakinetoplastina (orders Eubodonida, Parabodonida, Neobodonida and Trypanosomatida) (1,2). The Prokinetoplastida, Eubodonida, Parabodonida and Neobodonida can be free-living, com- mensalic or parasitic; however, all members of theTrypanosomatida are parasitic. Although they seem like typical protists under the microscope the kinetoplastids have some unique features. In this review we will give an overview of the family Trypanosomatidae, with particular emphasis on some of its "peculiarities" (a single ramified mitochondrion; unusual mi- tochondrial DNA, the kinetoplast; a complex form of mitochondrial RNA editing; transcription of all protein-encoding genes polycistronically; trans-splicing of all mRNA transcripts; the glycolytic pathway within glycosomes; T. brucei vari- able surface glycoproteins and T. cruzi ability to escape from the phagocytic vacuoles), as well as the major diseases caused by members of this family. However, the present review does not cover all trypanosomatids; for example, the in- sect trypanosomatids are underrepresented here. On the other hand, reviews on this particular group of parasites have been written by experts in the field (3-12).
{"title":"Trypanosomatids: Odd Organisms, Devastating Diseases","authors":"A. Lopes, T. Souto-Padrón, F. Dias, M. T. Gomes, Giseli Capaci Rodrigues, Luciana T. Zimmermann, Thiago L A Silva, Alane Beatriz Vermelho","doi":"10.2174/1874421401004010030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874421401004010030","url":null,"abstract":"Trypanosomatids cause many diseases in and on animals (including humans) and plants. Altogether, about 37 million people are infected with Trypanosoma brucei (African sleeping sickness), Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas disease) and Leishmania species (distinct forms of leishmaniasis worldwide). The class Kinetoplastea is divided into the subclasses Prokinetoplastina (order Prokinetoplastida) and Metakinetoplastina (orders Eubodonida, Parabodonida, Neobodonida and Trypanosomatida) (1,2). The Prokinetoplastida, Eubodonida, Parabodonida and Neobodonida can be free-living, com- mensalic or parasitic; however, all members of theTrypanosomatida are parasitic. Although they seem like typical protists under the microscope the kinetoplastids have some unique features. In this review we will give an overview of the family Trypanosomatidae, with particular emphasis on some of its \"peculiarities\" (a single ramified mitochondrion; unusual mi- tochondrial DNA, the kinetoplast; a complex form of mitochondrial RNA editing; transcription of all protein-encoding genes polycistronically; trans-splicing of all mRNA transcripts; the glycolytic pathway within glycosomes; T. brucei vari- able surface glycoproteins and T. cruzi ability to escape from the phagocytic vacuoles), as well as the major diseases caused by members of this family. However, the present review does not cover all trypanosomatids; for example, the in- sect trypanosomatids are underrepresented here. On the other hand, reviews on this particular group of parasites have been written by experts in the field (3-12).","PeriodicalId":89294,"journal":{"name":"The open parasitology journal","volume":"4 1","pages":"30-59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83554829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-12-10DOI: 10.2174/1874421401004010111
L. Mendonça-Previato, A. Todeschini, L. Lima, J. Previato
Trypanosomatid protozoa are parasites of considerable medical and economical importance because they are the causative agents of chronic human and livestock diseases endemic in developing countries. Trypanosoma cruzi is the causative agent of Chagasdisease, present in most of Latin America. The biology of this parasite presents some unusual features, one of which is the mechanism employed for the addition of sialic acid units to its own glycoproteins, the mucin- like molecules, or to exogenous glycoconjugates. This is mediated by a transglycosylase for sialic acid known as trans- sialidase and located on the external surface of the parasite, rather than by an intracellular CMP-sialic acid-dependent sia- lyltransferase. The Trypanosoma cruzi trans-sialidase is thought to play an important role in the pathogenesis of Chagas' disease, and it represents a potential therapeutic target.
{"title":"The trans-Sialidase from Trypanosoma cruzi a Putative Target for Trypanocidal Agents","authors":"L. Mendonça-Previato, A. Todeschini, L. Lima, J. Previato","doi":"10.2174/1874421401004010111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874421401004010111","url":null,"abstract":"Trypanosomatid protozoa are parasites of considerable medical and economical importance because they are the causative agents of chronic human and livestock diseases endemic in developing countries. Trypanosoma cruzi is the causative agent of Chagasdisease, present in most of Latin America. The biology of this parasite presents some unusual features, one of which is the mechanism employed for the addition of sialic acid units to its own glycoproteins, the mucin- like molecules, or to exogenous glycoconjugates. This is mediated by a transglycosylase for sialic acid known as trans- sialidase and located on the external surface of the parasite, rather than by an intracellular CMP-sialic acid-dependent sia- lyltransferase. The Trypanosoma cruzi trans-sialidase is thought to play an important role in the pathogenesis of Chagas' disease, and it represents a potential therapeutic target.","PeriodicalId":89294,"journal":{"name":"The open parasitology journal","volume":"25 1","pages":"111-115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73626287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-12-10DOI: 10.2174/1874421401004010178
C. A. Almeida, T. Souto-Padrón
Protozoan parasites cause disease in humans worldwide, and many fall into the genera Trypanosoma and Leishmania; these parasites are responsible for African trypanosomiasis, Chagas disease and the different forms of Leishmaniasis. Strategies for the development of new drugs against these protozoans have been based on their cell biol- ogy and biochemistry complemented by the use of electron microscopy. Trypanosoma and Leishmania have special orga- nelles that are involved in metabolic pathways, which are very distinct from those in mammalian cells; these organelles are potential drug targets. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy can identify not only the target organelles but also alterations to the cell surface and ultrastructural changes that characterize distinct forms of programmed cell death.
{"title":"Contributions of Ultrastructural Studies to the Cell Biology of Trypanosmatids: Targets for Anti-Parasitic Drugs","authors":"C. A. Almeida, T. Souto-Padrón","doi":"10.2174/1874421401004010178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874421401004010178","url":null,"abstract":"Protozoan parasites cause disease in humans worldwide, and many fall into the genera Trypanosoma and Leishmania; these parasites are responsible for African trypanosomiasis, Chagas disease and the different forms of Leishmaniasis. Strategies for the development of new drugs against these protozoans have been based on their cell biol- ogy and biochemistry complemented by the use of electron microscopy. Trypanosoma and Leishmania have special orga- nelles that are involved in metabolic pathways, which are very distinct from those in mammalian cells; these organelles are potential drug targets. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy can identify not only the target organelles but also alterations to the cell surface and ultrastructural changes that characterize distinct forms of programmed cell death.","PeriodicalId":89294,"journal":{"name":"The open parasitology journal","volume":"60 1","pages":"178-187"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75155289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-12-10DOI: 10.2174/1874421401004010102
A. Lopes, M. T. Gomes, F. L. Dutra, Alane Beatriz Vermelho, J. Meyer‐Fernandes, M. Silva-Neto, T. Souto-Padrón, Danielle P. Vieira
Knowledge of cell signaling pathways in trypanosomatids is crucial for the future design of new drugs to treat diseases caused by these parasites. The publication of the complete genome sequences of three pathogenic trypanosomat- ids, Trypanosoma brucei, T. cruzi and Leishmania major, revealed numerous protein members of signaling pathways that modulate important processes, such as cell differentiation. Even so, little is known about the role that these proteins play in the physiology of trypanosomatids. This review aims to stimulate discussion on this subject to encourage further studies of the signaling pathways involved in the cell differentiation of trypanosomatids.
{"title":"Intracellular Signaling Pathways Involved in Cell Differentiation in Trypanosomatids","authors":"A. Lopes, M. T. Gomes, F. L. Dutra, Alane Beatriz Vermelho, J. Meyer‐Fernandes, M. Silva-Neto, T. Souto-Padrón, Danielle P. Vieira","doi":"10.2174/1874421401004010102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874421401004010102","url":null,"abstract":"Knowledge of cell signaling pathways in trypanosomatids is crucial for the future design of new drugs to treat diseases caused by these parasites. The publication of the complete genome sequences of three pathogenic trypanosomat- ids, Trypanosoma brucei, T. cruzi and Leishmania major, revealed numerous protein members of signaling pathways that modulate important processes, such as cell differentiation. Even so, little is known about the role that these proteins play in the physiology of trypanosomatids. This review aims to stimulate discussion on this subject to encourage further studies of the signaling pathways involved in the cell differentiation of trypanosomatids.","PeriodicalId":89294,"journal":{"name":"The open parasitology journal","volume":"133 1","pages":"102-110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76421915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-12-10DOI: 10.2174/1874421401004010084
E. Barreto-Bergter, Alane Beatriz Vermelho
Neutral monohexosylceramides (CMHs) globosides (globotriasyl ceramides), other glycosphingolipids (GSLs) and more complex structures such as glycoinositol-phospholipids(GIPLs) and glycosyl phosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchors have been described in several members of the trypanosomatid family. These highly bioactive molecules are not only components of biological structures but also participants in host-parasite interactions such as macrophage invasion, anti- genic presentation and signal transduction. Glycolipid structures have been studied using mass spectrometry (MS).This review describes a wide range of glycoconjugates with unique and complex structures that are present in several trypano- somatid species. Their structures are described in the context of their biological significance.
{"title":"Structures of Glycolipids Found in Trypanosomatids: Contribution to Parasite Functions","authors":"E. Barreto-Bergter, Alane Beatriz Vermelho","doi":"10.2174/1874421401004010084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874421401004010084","url":null,"abstract":"Neutral monohexosylceramides (CMHs) globosides (globotriasyl ceramides), other glycosphingolipids (GSLs) and more complex structures such as glycoinositol-phospholipids(GIPLs) and glycosyl phosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchors have been described in several members of the trypanosomatid family. These highly bioactive molecules are not only components of biological structures but also participants in host-parasite interactions such as macrophage invasion, anti- genic presentation and signal transduction. Glycolipid structures have been studied using mass spectrometry (MS).This review describes a wide range of glycoconjugates with unique and complex structures that are present in several trypano- somatid species. Their structures are described in the context of their biological significance.","PeriodicalId":89294,"journal":{"name":"The open parasitology journal","volume":"12 1","pages":"84-97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80194327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：