Pub Date : 2010-08-01DOI: 10.1521/CAPN.2010.15.4.5
A. Meltzer, B. Meltzer
In the United States, people with mental illness are 2.7 times more likely to smoke than are those without mental illness. In fact, 44% of cigarettes are sold to consumers with a mental illness. (Most smokers start before age 18; Kandel, Kiros, Shaffran, & Hu, 2004.) Starting before age 13 is linked to psychopathology in later adolescence. Tobacco dependence continues to be the single most preventable cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Health care providers are beginning to address tobacco use and dependence more assertively, however, there is limited research to guide clinical practice in the pediatric population. This article examines what clinicians can do to better screen, assess, and treat tobacco use and dependence among young people focusing on pharmacotherapeutic strategies. The pattern of tobacco use and nicotine dependence among youth is different from that of adults. Even youth who do not smoke on a daily basis can have difficulty with quitting tobacco. Although adolescents attempt to quit smoking less often than adults, 64% have attempted to quit on their own. Little is known about the longitudinal course of nicotine dependence following interventions with adolescents designed to affect smoking habits, particularly among high-risk samples. Many adolescents who cannot quit on their own may benefit from medication and behavioral smoking cessation therapies.
{"title":"The Pharmacotherapy of Adolescent Tobacco Dependence","authors":"A. Meltzer, B. Meltzer","doi":"10.1521/CAPN.2010.15.4.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1521/CAPN.2010.15.4.5","url":null,"abstract":"In the United States, people with mental illness are 2.7 times more likely to smoke than are those without mental illness. In fact, 44% of cigarettes are sold to consumers with a mental illness. (Most smokers start before age 18; Kandel, Kiros, Shaffran, & Hu, 2004.) Starting before age 13 is linked to psychopathology in later adolescence. Tobacco dependence continues to be the single most preventable cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Health care providers are beginning to address tobacco use and dependence more assertively, however, there is limited research to guide clinical practice in the pediatric population. This article examines what clinicians can do to better screen, assess, and treat tobacco use and dependence among young people focusing on pharmacotherapeutic strategies. The pattern of tobacco use and nicotine dependence among youth is different from that of adults. Even youth who do not smoke on a daily basis can have difficulty with quitting tobacco. Although adolescents attempt to quit smoking less often than adults, 64% have attempted to quit on their own. Little is known about the longitudinal course of nicotine dependence following interventions with adolescents designed to affect smoking habits, particularly among high-risk samples. Many adolescents who cannot quit on their own may benefit from medication and behavioral smoking cessation therapies.","PeriodicalId":89750,"journal":{"name":"Child & adolescent psychopharmacology news","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1521/CAPN.2010.15.4.5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67089116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-08-01DOI: 10.1521/CAPN.2010.15.4.1
Matthew E. Hirschtritt, Denise Bedoya
{"title":"Focus: The Use of Rating Scales to Track Therapeutic Progress: Overview of Rating Scales in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Clinical Practice","authors":"Matthew E. Hirschtritt, Denise Bedoya","doi":"10.1521/CAPN.2010.15.4.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1521/CAPN.2010.15.4.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":89750,"journal":{"name":"Child & adolescent psychopharmacology news","volume":"15 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1521/CAPN.2010.15.4.1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67089353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-07-29DOI: 10.1521/CAPN.2010.15.1.1
G. Reeves, M. Riddle
{"title":"Antipsychotic-Induced Weight Gain and Metabolic Side Effects: Underlying Mechanisms, Monitoring, and Pharmacological Intervention/Prevention Strategies","authors":"G. Reeves, M. Riddle","doi":"10.1521/CAPN.2010.15.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1521/CAPN.2010.15.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":89750,"journal":{"name":"Child & adolescent psychopharmacology news","volume":"26 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1521/CAPN.2010.15.1.1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67088818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-07-29DOI: 10.1521/CAPN.2010.15.1.7
Rhoda Gottfried, M. Riddle
Definition and Prevalence of Obesity in Children and Adolescents Body mass index (BMI) measurement (weight in kilograms/height in meters2) and interpretation against national or international standards (overweight is BMI ≥85th percentile and obesity is BMI ≥95th percentile) is a relatively simple and accurate way to determine the prevalence of overweight and obese children (Cole et al., 2000; Dietz & Bellizzi, 1999; Reilly et al., 2010). The prevalence of obesity in children and adolescents has increased dramatically in the U.S. from the 1970s until now (Ogden et al., 2002; Ogden et al., 1997; Troiano et al., 1995) and upward trends in the prevalence of overweight and obese children have been noted in populations worldwide (Cole et al., 2000; James, 2008; Reilly & Dorosty, 1999; Wang et al., 2002). The latest estimates from U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) put the prevalence of those ages 2–19 years with BMI ≥85th percentile at about 30% and BMI ≥ 95th percentile at close to 20% (Ogden et al., 2010). The prevalence is much higher in certain groups such as in the Hispanic population whose prevalence is about 40% and 25% for overweight and obese youth, respectively. Furthermore, the prevalence of overweight and obesity in the United States has not gone down significantly in any group since the 1970s (Ogden et al., 2010). Another disturbing trend is the mean BMI for overweight and obese youth has been increasing over time, meaning that the heavy are getting heavier (Anderson & Butcher, 2006). The failure to reverse trends in overweight and obesity is evidence that, to the extent we in the healthcare profession are treating obesity in youth, we are doing so unsuccessfully. The causes for this epidemic of overweight and obese youth are thought to be multifactorial. Anderson and Butcher reviewed potential causes of obesity trends in youth and found that there are multiple changes in the lifestyles of families in the U.S. that coincide with the rise in obesity (Anderson & Butcher, 2006). These lifestyle changes along with changes in food consumption have at least contributed to the increase of weight in young people, including; eating away from home more often; drinking more high calorie beverages; eating more processed, calorie dense food; watching a screen for more minutes per day; walking to school less often; eating larger portion sizes; and riding in a car more (Anderson & Butcher, 2006). When facing these powerful cultural forces, clinicians are at a great disadvantage.
体重指数(BMI)测量(体重公斤/身高米2)并根据国家或国际标准(超重为BMI≥85百分位数，肥胖为BMI≥95百分位数)进行解释是确定超重和肥胖儿童患病率的一种相对简单和准确的方法(Cole等，2000;Dietz & belllizzi, 1999;Reilly et al.， 2010)。从20世纪70年代至今，美国儿童和青少年的肥胖患病率急剧上升(Ogden et al.， 2002;Ogden et al.， 1997;Troiano et al.， 1995)，在世界范围内，超重和肥胖儿童的患病率呈上升趋势(Cole et al.， 2000;詹姆斯,2008;Reilly & Dorosty, 1999;Wang et al.， 2002)。根据美国国家健康与营养调查(NHANES)的最新估计，2-19岁BMI≥85百分位的患病率约为30%，BMI≥95百分位的患病率接近20% (Ogden et al.， 2010)。在某些群体中患病率要高得多，例如西班牙裔人口，超重和肥胖青年的患病率分别约为40%和25%。此外，自20世纪70年代以来，美国超重和肥胖的患病率在任何群体中都没有显著下降(Ogden et al.， 2010)。另一个令人不安的趋势是超重和肥胖青少年的平均BMI随着时间的推移一直在增加，这意味着超重的人越来越重(Anderson & Butcher, 2006)。未能扭转超重和肥胖的趋势证明，就我们在医疗保健行业治疗青少年肥胖的程度而言，我们做得并不成功。超重和肥胖青少年流行的原因被认为是多因素的。Anderson和Butcher回顾了青少年肥胖趋势的潜在原因，发现美国家庭生活方式的多种变化与肥胖的上升相吻合(Anderson & Butcher, 2006)。这些生活方式的改变以及食物消费的变化至少导致了年轻人体重的增加，包括;更多的外出就餐;多喝高热量饮料;多吃加工过的高热量食物;每天看屏幕的时间更长;减少步行上学的次数;吃更大的份量;以及更多地乘坐汽车(Anderson & Butcher, 2006)。面对这些强大的文化力量，临床医生处于非常不利的地位。
{"title":"Non-Pharmacological Treatments for Obesity","authors":"Rhoda Gottfried, M. Riddle","doi":"10.1521/CAPN.2010.15.1.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1521/CAPN.2010.15.1.7","url":null,"abstract":"Definition and Prevalence of Obesity in Children and Adolescents Body mass index (BMI) measurement (weight in kilograms/height in meters2) and interpretation against national or international standards (overweight is BMI ≥85th percentile and obesity is BMI ≥95th percentile) is a relatively simple and accurate way to determine the prevalence of overweight and obese children (Cole et al., 2000; Dietz & Bellizzi, 1999; Reilly et al., 2010). The prevalence of obesity in children and adolescents has increased dramatically in the U.S. from the 1970s until now (Ogden et al., 2002; Ogden et al., 1997; Troiano et al., 1995) and upward trends in the prevalence of overweight and obese children have been noted in populations worldwide (Cole et al., 2000; James, 2008; Reilly & Dorosty, 1999; Wang et al., 2002). The latest estimates from U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) put the prevalence of those ages 2–19 years with BMI ≥85th percentile at about 30% and BMI ≥ 95th percentile at close to 20% (Ogden et al., 2010). The prevalence is much higher in certain groups such as in the Hispanic population whose prevalence is about 40% and 25% for overweight and obese youth, respectively. Furthermore, the prevalence of overweight and obesity in the United States has not gone down significantly in any group since the 1970s (Ogden et al., 2010). Another disturbing trend is the mean BMI for overweight and obese youth has been increasing over time, meaning that the heavy are getting heavier (Anderson & Butcher, 2006). The failure to reverse trends in overweight and obesity is evidence that, to the extent we in the healthcare profession are treating obesity in youth, we are doing so unsuccessfully. The causes for this epidemic of overweight and obese youth are thought to be multifactorial. Anderson and Butcher reviewed potential causes of obesity trends in youth and found that there are multiple changes in the lifestyles of families in the U.S. that coincide with the rise in obesity (Anderson & Butcher, 2006). These lifestyle changes along with changes in food consumption have at least contributed to the increase of weight in young people, including; eating away from home more often; drinking more high calorie beverages; eating more processed, calorie dense food; watching a screen for more minutes per day; walking to school less often; eating larger portion sizes; and riding in a car more (Anderson & Butcher, 2006). When facing these powerful cultural forces, clinicians are at a great disadvantage.","PeriodicalId":89750,"journal":{"name":"Child & adolescent psychopharmacology news","volume":"15 1","pages":"7-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1521/CAPN.2010.15.1.7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67089091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-06-01DOI: 10.1521/CAPN.2010.15.3.1
A. Mao, Jennifer Yen
{"title":"Review of Proposed Changes in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Diagnostic Criteria for DSM-Version 5","authors":"A. Mao, Jennifer Yen","doi":"10.1521/CAPN.2010.15.3.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1521/CAPN.2010.15.3.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":89750,"journal":{"name":"Child & adolescent psychopharmacology news","volume":"51 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1521/CAPN.2010.15.3.1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67089210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-04-01DOI: 10.1521/CAPN.2010.15.2.7
L. Townsend, R. Gearing, J. Floersch
{"title":"Medication Adherence: What Adolescents are Saying and What Prescribers Can Do","authors":"L. Townsend, R. Gearing, J. Floersch","doi":"10.1521/CAPN.2010.15.2.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1521/CAPN.2010.15.2.7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":89750,"journal":{"name":"Child & adolescent psychopharmacology news","volume":"15 1","pages":"7-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1521/CAPN.2010.15.2.7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67089164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-12-01DOI: 10.1521/CAPN.2009.14.6.7
James G. Waxmonsky, Meaghan E. Pariseau
Tohen, M., Kryzhanovskaya, L., Carlson, G., Delbello, M., Wozniak, J., Kowatch, R., et al. (2007). Olanzapine versus placebo in the treatment of adolescents with bipolar mania. American Journal of Psychiatry, 164(10), 1547-1556. Waxmonsky, J., Pelham, W.E., Gnagy, E., et al. (2008). The effi cacy and tolerability of methylphenidate and behavior modifi cation in children with attention-defi cit/ hyperactivity disorder and severe mood dysregulation. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology, 18, 573-588.
{"title":"Treatment of Children with Severe Mood Dysregulation","authors":"James G. Waxmonsky, Meaghan E. Pariseau","doi":"10.1521/CAPN.2009.14.6.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1521/CAPN.2009.14.6.7","url":null,"abstract":"Tohen, M., Kryzhanovskaya, L., Carlson, G., Delbello, M., Wozniak, J., Kowatch, R., et al. (2007). Olanzapine versus placebo in the treatment of adolescents with bipolar mania. American Journal of Psychiatry, 164(10), 1547-1556. Waxmonsky, J., Pelham, W.E., Gnagy, E., et al. (2008). The effi cacy and tolerability of methylphenidate and behavior modifi cation in children with attention-defi cit/ hyperactivity disorder and severe mood dysregulation. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology, 18, 573-588.","PeriodicalId":89750,"journal":{"name":"Child & adolescent psychopharmacology news","volume":"140 1","pages":"7-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1521/CAPN.2009.14.6.7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67088729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-12-01DOI: 10.1521/CAPN.2009.14.6.1
G. Carlson
{"title":"Are Children With Severe Outbursts Diagnostically Homeless","authors":"G. Carlson","doi":"10.1521/CAPN.2009.14.6.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1521/CAPN.2009.14.6.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":89750,"journal":{"name":"Child & adolescent psychopharmacology news","volume":"14 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1521/CAPN.2009.14.6.1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67088714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-10-01DOI: 10.1521/CAPN.2009.14.5.5
L. Townsend, V. Groza, S. Crystal
{"title":"Guidelines for Psychiatrists Providing Treatment for Foster Youth","authors":"L. Townsend, V. Groza, S. Crystal","doi":"10.1521/CAPN.2009.14.5.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1521/CAPN.2009.14.5.5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":89750,"journal":{"name":"Child & adolescent psychopharmacology news","volume":"102 1","pages":"5-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1521/CAPN.2009.14.5.5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67088656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-10-01DOI: 10.1521/CAPN.2009.14.5.1
A. Robb
{"title":"Research Update on Evidence Based Use of Antidepressants","authors":"A. Robb","doi":"10.1521/CAPN.2009.14.5.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1521/CAPN.2009.14.5.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":89750,"journal":{"name":"Child & adolescent psychopharmacology news","volume":"14 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1521/CAPN.2009.14.5.1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67088587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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