Pub Date : 2019-12-25DOI: 10.30683/1929-2279.2019.08.09
M. Takatori
: Previously, we have reported the clinical significance of low-level radiation and also demonstrated the necessity to determine the threshold of radioactive levels in human beings. In the present study, apart from the direct exposure of alpha-ray with oral intake of radon 222 dissolved water or inhaling radon 222 gas, the experimental direct exposure to beta- and gamma-rays by wearing a cotton sack containing Samarskite with direct contact to skin for one month was conducted. The average of beta- and gamma-ray levels on the sack surface was approximately 400 µSV/hour. The biochemical laboratory tests involving immunological markers were assessed at the initial and end points. In this study, the partial but continual direct exposure of human body to beta- and gamma-rays for one month showed no harmful effects. There are no significant changes in any of the bio markers. Although this study is limited regarding the number of subjects, the procedure is quite simple; thus, the gathering data using this procedure by adjusting the types and levels of radioactivity would be helpful in finding out the accurate radioactive threshold in human beings.
{"title":"Biochemical Effect of Low-Level Radiation on Human Beings Examined by Directly Attached Radioactive Mineral","authors":"M. Takatori","doi":"10.30683/1929-2279.2019.08.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30683/1929-2279.2019.08.09","url":null,"abstract":": Previously, we have reported the clinical significance of low-level radiation and also demonstrated the necessity to determine the threshold of radioactive levels in human beings. In the present study, apart from the direct exposure of alpha-ray with oral intake of radon 222 dissolved water or inhaling radon 222 gas, the experimental direct exposure to beta- and gamma-rays by wearing a cotton sack containing Samarskite with direct contact to skin for one month was conducted. The average of beta- and gamma-ray levels on the sack surface was approximately 400 µSV/hour. The biochemical laboratory tests involving immunological markers were assessed at the initial and end points. In this study, the partial but continual direct exposure of human body to beta- and gamma-rays for one month showed no harmful effects. There are no significant changes in any of the bio markers. Although this study is limited regarding the number of subjects, the procedure is quite simple; thus, the gathering data using this procedure by adjusting the types and levels of radioactivity would be helpful in finding out the accurate radioactive threshold in human beings.","PeriodicalId":89799,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cancer research updates","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44905997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-25DOI: 10.30683/1929-2279.2019.08.02
L. Jin
: Thymoma is a rare tumor that was reclassified by the World Health Organization in 2015. Recent studies have made advances in molecular targeted therapies, such as c-KIT, EGFR, IGF-1R, PTEN, HDAC, VEGF and PD-L1. Additionally, new molecular markers such as CTV/CTS, GTF2I, Pax8 and DSG-3 have been used in the differential diagnosis of thymoma. This article reviews molecular pathogenesis of thymoma, application of molecular pathology in the differential diagnosis of thymoma and recent progress in targeted therapies for thymoma.
{"title":"Recent Advances in Pathologic Research and Targeted Therapies of Thymoma","authors":"L. Jin","doi":"10.30683/1929-2279.2019.08.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30683/1929-2279.2019.08.02","url":null,"abstract":": Thymoma is a rare tumor that was reclassified by the World Health Organization in 2015. Recent studies have made advances in molecular targeted therapies, such as c-KIT, EGFR, IGF-1R, PTEN, HDAC, VEGF and PD-L1. Additionally, new molecular markers such as CTV/CTS, GTF2I, Pax8 and DSG-3 have been used in the differential diagnosis of thymoma. This article reviews molecular pathogenesis of thymoma, application of molecular pathology in the differential diagnosis of thymoma and recent progress in targeted therapies for thymoma.","PeriodicalId":89799,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cancer research updates","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47850016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-25DOI: 10.30683/1929-2279.2019.08.05
Diana Martinho
: Introduction : Mushroom polysaccharides play an important role in nutraceutical and functional food because they act as biological active modifiers. The aim of the present work involved the production, purification and partial characterization of intracellular (IPS) and extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) from several basidiomycete strains . Such polysaccharides were used to investigate their effect on growth of human carcinoma cell lines. Methods : Mushroom polysaccharides were produced from several basidiomycete strains by submerged and solid state fermentations, assayed for superoxide radical scavenging activity, purified by gel filtration chromatography, analysed by FTIR and their effect on human carcinoma cell line was investigated by MTT method. Results : Mushroom polysaccharides have revealed scavenging activity in the range of 22 – 81 % for Po (s) and Pe (2), respectively. FTIR analysis of polysaccharides showed absorption bands characteristics of these biological macromolecules. IPS inhibited cell growth of HeLa in the range of 16.8 – 27.01 % for Po (s) and Ga (1), respectively. EPS inhibited cell growth of HeLa, A459, A431 and OE21 in the ranges of 3.08 – 92.2 %, 13.8 – 97.4 %, 14.7 – 93. 8% and 25 – 94% for Il (1) and Ga (1), Gc (1) and Ga (1), Il (1) and Ga (1), Le (1) and Ga (1), respectively. Purified preparations of polysaccharides confirmed the growth inhibition of these biomolecules. Conclusion : The present results strongly suggest growth inhibition of human carcinoma cell lines by mushroom polysaccharides and it will require a future research to understand its molecular mechanism of action.
{"title":"Effect of Intracellular and Extracellular Mushroom Polysaccharides on Growth Inhibition of Human Carcinoma Cell Lines","authors":"Diana Martinho","doi":"10.30683/1929-2279.2019.08.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30683/1929-2279.2019.08.05","url":null,"abstract":": Introduction : Mushroom polysaccharides play an important role in nutraceutical and functional food because they act as biological active modifiers. The aim of the present work involved the production, purification and partial characterization of intracellular (IPS) and extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) from several basidiomycete strains . Such polysaccharides were used to investigate their effect on growth of human carcinoma cell lines. Methods : Mushroom polysaccharides were produced from several basidiomycete strains by submerged and solid state fermentations, assayed for superoxide radical scavenging activity, purified by gel filtration chromatography, analysed by FTIR and their effect on human carcinoma cell line was investigated by MTT method. Results : Mushroom polysaccharides have revealed scavenging activity in the range of 22 – 81 % for Po (s) and Pe (2), respectively. FTIR analysis of polysaccharides showed absorption bands characteristics of these biological macromolecules. IPS inhibited cell growth of HeLa in the range of 16.8 – 27.01 % for Po (s) and Ga (1), respectively. EPS inhibited cell growth of HeLa, A459, A431 and OE21 in the ranges of 3.08 – 92.2 %, 13.8 – 97.4 %, 14.7 – 93. 8% and 25 – 94% for Il (1) and Ga (1), Gc (1) and Ga (1), Il (1) and Ga (1), Le (1) and Ga (1), respectively. Purified preparations of polysaccharides confirmed the growth inhibition of these biomolecules. Conclusion : The present results strongly suggest growth inhibition of human carcinoma cell lines by mushroom polysaccharides and it will require a future research to understand its molecular mechanism of action.","PeriodicalId":89799,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cancer research updates","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45592619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-25DOI: 10.30683/1929-2279.2019.08.10
D. Chopra
: The inherent limitations of conventional cancer therapies have stimulated the growth of cancer nanomedicine. This is primarily attributable to its unique features for drug delivery, diagnosis and imaging, synthetic vaccine development and miniature medical devices, supplemented with the inherent therapeutic property of some nanomaterials. Nanotherapies that integrate some of these features are already in use and others have great potential in clinical development, with definitive results in near future. In order to develop smart cancer nanomedicine, it is very essential to bridge the gap between Bio-Nanoscience and Cancer Nanomedicine with a better understanding about the molecular basis of cancer. The development of smart cancer nanomedicine can be accelerated by patient stratification, rational drug selection, combination therapy, synergism with immunotherapeutics. The nanoplatforms that exhibit a significant increase in progression free survival are most desirable.
{"title":"Challenges in Development of Nanomedicine for Treatment of Cancer","authors":"D. Chopra","doi":"10.30683/1929-2279.2019.08.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30683/1929-2279.2019.08.10","url":null,"abstract":": The inherent limitations of conventional cancer therapies have stimulated the growth of cancer nanomedicine. This is primarily attributable to its unique features for drug delivery, diagnosis and imaging, synthetic vaccine development and miniature medical devices, supplemented with the inherent therapeutic property of some nanomaterials. Nanotherapies that integrate some of these features are already in use and others have great potential in clinical development, with definitive results in near future. In order to develop smart cancer nanomedicine, it is very essential to bridge the gap between Bio-Nanoscience and Cancer Nanomedicine with a better understanding about the molecular basis of cancer. The development of smart cancer nanomedicine can be accelerated by patient stratification, rational drug selection, combination therapy, synergism with immunotherapeutics. The nanoplatforms that exhibit a significant increase in progression free survival are most desirable.","PeriodicalId":89799,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cancer research updates","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44230654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-25DOI: 10.30683/1929-2279.2019.08.04
Shaimaa Soliman
: The efficacy of cancer chemotherapy is limited by cellular mechanisms of resistance that result in increased drug efflux of chemotherapeutic agents thereby reducing intracellular drug levels and causing drug resistance. Overexpression of some members of ATP binding cassette transporter superfamily, including ATP binding cassette G member 2 (ABCG2), which mediates energy-dependent transport of drugs out of the cells against concentration gradient, is one of the major mechanisms responsible for multidrug resistance in the treatment of breast cancer. In the current study, the expression of ABCG2 mRNA gene was evaluated in the peripheral blood of newly diagnosed breast cancer (NDBC) patients immediately before surgical resection of the breast and in extirpated breast tumors, then sequentially in the blood of patients after receiving three and six cycles of chemotherapy. Compared to normal breast, cancerous specimens expressed higher levels of ABCG2 gene expression (p<0.001). In addition, a gradual significant increase in the expression of peripheral blood ABCG2 gene of NDBC patients among different treatment periods was recorded. Furthermore, a significant positive correlation between peripheral blood ABCG2 gene expression of NDBC patients receiving chemotherapy and disease progression was found. In conclusion, assessment of ABCG2 gene expression may be a prerequisite in evaluating the effectiveness of chemotherapy-treated breast cancer patients. concentration and purity of total RNA were then assessed by measuring absorbance at 260 and 280 nm, respectively, in a spectrophotometer (Nano Drop 2000, Thermo Scientific, USA). Reverse transcription of the to synthesize first strand complementary DNA (cDNA) performed using AMV Reverse Transcriptase kit (Promega, WI, USA). Real-time PCR amplification and analysis were performed in ABI 7500 Fast Sequence Detection System
：癌症化疗的疗效受到细胞耐药机制的限制，细胞耐药机制导致化疗药物流出增加，从而降低细胞内药物水平并引起耐药性。ATP结合盒转运蛋白超家族的一些成员的过表达，包括ATP结合盒G成员2（ABCG2），其介导能量依赖性药物逆浓度梯度转运出细胞，是导致癌症治疗中多药耐药性的主要机制之一。在目前的研究中，在新诊断的癌症（NDBC）患者的外周血中以及在切除的乳腺肿瘤中评估了ABCG2 mRNA基因的表达，然后在接受三个和六个周期的化疗后依次在患者的血液中评估。与正常乳腺相比，癌组织中ABCG2基因表达水平较高（p＜0.001）。此外，NDBC患者外周血ABCG2基因的表达在不同治疗期间逐渐显著增加。此外，接受化疗的NDBC患者外周血ABCG2基因表达与疾病进展呈显著正相关。总之，评估ABCG2基因表达可能是评估癌症患者化疗效果的先决条件。然后通过在分光光度计（Nano Drop 2000，Thermo Scientific，USA）中分别测量260和280nm处的吸光度来评估总RNA的浓度和纯度。使用AMV逆转录酶试剂盒（Promega，WI，USA）进行逆转录以合成第一链互补DNA（cDNA）。在ABI 7500快速序列检测系统中进行实时PCR扩增和分析
{"title":"Assessment of Gene Expression Level of ATP Binding Cassette G Member 2 (ABCG2) Transporter in Newly Diagnosed Breast Cancer Patients Receiving Adjuvant Chemotherapy","authors":"Shaimaa Soliman","doi":"10.30683/1929-2279.2019.08.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30683/1929-2279.2019.08.04","url":null,"abstract":": The efficacy of cancer chemotherapy is limited by cellular mechanisms of resistance that result in increased drug efflux of chemotherapeutic agents thereby reducing intracellular drug levels and causing drug resistance. Overexpression of some members of ATP binding cassette transporter superfamily, including ATP binding cassette G member 2 (ABCG2), which mediates energy-dependent transport of drugs out of the cells against concentration gradient, is one of the major mechanisms responsible for multidrug resistance in the treatment of breast cancer. In the current study, the expression of ABCG2 mRNA gene was evaluated in the peripheral blood of newly diagnosed breast cancer (NDBC) patients immediately before surgical resection of the breast and in extirpated breast tumors, then sequentially in the blood of patients after receiving three and six cycles of chemotherapy. Compared to normal breast, cancerous specimens expressed higher levels of ABCG2 gene expression (p<0.001). In addition, a gradual significant increase in the expression of peripheral blood ABCG2 gene of NDBC patients among different treatment periods was recorded. Furthermore, a significant positive correlation between peripheral blood ABCG2 gene expression of NDBC patients receiving chemotherapy and disease progression was found. In conclusion, assessment of ABCG2 gene expression may be a prerequisite in evaluating the effectiveness of chemotherapy-treated breast cancer patients. concentration and purity of total RNA were then assessed by measuring absorbance at 260 and 280 nm, respectively, in a spectrophotometer (Nano Drop 2000, Thermo Scientific, USA). Reverse transcription of the to synthesize first strand complementary DNA (cDNA) performed using AMV Reverse Transcriptase kit (Promega, WI, USA). Real-time PCR amplification and analysis were performed in ABI 7500 Fast Sequence Detection System","PeriodicalId":89799,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cancer research updates","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45256318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-25DOI: 10.30683/1929-2279.2018.07.04.1
D. Faigel
: Background and Aims : Patients with diffuse liver metastases have systemic chemotherapy as their only treatment option. We developed Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS)-guided portal injection chemotherapy (EPIC) to increase drug levels in hepatic tissue as a novel new liver directed therapy. Methods : Sixteen anesthetized pigs were treated with 50 mg of irinotecan (n=8) or doxorubicin (n=8). Half (n=4) of the animals in each drug group were treated with EPIC-injected microbeads or EUS-guided chemotherapy without beads into the inferior vena cava (control). Animals were observed twice daily for 7 days for signs of clinical toxicities. Tissue samples were harvested for histology and drug levels. Blood counts and chemistries were determined pre-treatment and at 7 days. Results : No toxicities as evidenced by abnormal animal behavior were observed. No significant changes occurred in blood chemistry or blood counts in the irinotecan groups. For doxorubicin, systemic injection significantly decreased albumin, hemoglobin, and white blood cell count ( P <.05), with no changes after EPIC. Hepatic histology showed mild foreign body reactions around the beads. No significant histologic changes were seen in other tissue sites. Neither irinotecan nor SN-38 was detectable at 7 days. For doxorubicin, no drug was detected in the plasma or bone marrow. The mean (SD) doxorubicin hepatic levels were non-significantly increased with vs control (181 [241] vs 151 [67] ng/g). Cardiac doxorubicin levels were significantly lower with EPIC (15 [4] vs 138 [48] ng/g; P =.02). Conclusions : EPIC using drug-eluting microbeads was safe in this animal model. For doxorubicin, EPIC may be safer than systemic injection.
{"title":"Safety of Endoscopic-Ultrasound-Guided Portal Injection Chemotherapy using Drug-Eluting Microbeads in a Porcine Model","authors":"D. Faigel","doi":"10.30683/1929-2279.2018.07.04.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30683/1929-2279.2018.07.04.1","url":null,"abstract":": Background and Aims : Patients with diffuse liver metastases have systemic chemotherapy as their only treatment option. We developed Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS)-guided portal injection chemotherapy (EPIC) to increase drug levels in hepatic tissue as a novel new liver directed therapy. Methods : Sixteen anesthetized pigs were treated with 50 mg of irinotecan (n=8) or doxorubicin (n=8). Half (n=4) of the animals in each drug group were treated with EPIC-injected microbeads or EUS-guided chemotherapy without beads into the inferior vena cava (control). Animals were observed twice daily for 7 days for signs of clinical toxicities. Tissue samples were harvested for histology and drug levels. Blood counts and chemistries were determined pre-treatment and at 7 days. Results : No toxicities as evidenced by abnormal animal behavior were observed. No significant changes occurred in blood chemistry or blood counts in the irinotecan groups. For doxorubicin, systemic injection significantly decreased albumin, hemoglobin, and white blood cell count ( P <.05), with no changes after EPIC. Hepatic histology showed mild foreign body reactions around the beads. No significant histologic changes were seen in other tissue sites. Neither irinotecan nor SN-38 was detectable at 7 days. For doxorubicin, no drug was detected in the plasma or bone marrow. The mean (SD) doxorubicin hepatic levels were non-significantly increased with vs control (181 [241] vs 151 [67] ng/g). Cardiac doxorubicin levels were significantly lower with EPIC (15 [4] vs 138 [48] ng/g; P =.02). Conclusions : EPIC using drug-eluting microbeads was safe in this animal model. For doxorubicin, EPIC may be safer than systemic injection.","PeriodicalId":89799,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cancer research updates","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48590946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-25DOI: 10.30683/1929-2279.2018.07.04.3
Umesh Gupta
: This article presents a review of the impact of nutrition and lifestyle on the most frequently occurring cancers, including blood, bone, brain, breast, gastric, lung, oral, pancreatic and skin cancers. Heart disease and cancer are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality and the first and second leading causes of death in the United States. Risk of death declined more steeply for heart disease than cancer, offsetting the increase in heart disease deaths, which partially offsets the increase in cancer deaths resulting from demographic changes over the past four decades. Lung cancer is by far the most common cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide in many countries. The incidence rates of lung, colorectal and prostate cancers will continue to rise in the future decades due to the rise of ageing population. Pancreatic cancer is an aggressive malignancy with a poor long-term survival and there has been only slight improvement in outcomes over the past 30 years. Some of the most common contributing factors to various cancers include: genetics, tobacco use, infections, obesity, poor diet, physical inactivity, environmental pollution and hazards, ionizing and ultra-violet radiation (UVR), sunlight, cancer causing substances, chronic inflammation and immunosuppression. This article summarizes recent and tangible cancer control measures which include early detection, weight control, Mediterranean type diet, phytochemicals such as flavonoids, regular physical activity, therapeutic agents, chemotherapy, nano-medicine, medicinal plants and education through mass media awareness.
{"title":"The Underappreciated Role of Lifestyle and Nutrition in Cancer Prevention, Genesis, and Treatment","authors":"Umesh Gupta","doi":"10.30683/1929-2279.2018.07.04.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30683/1929-2279.2018.07.04.3","url":null,"abstract":": This article presents a review of the impact of nutrition and lifestyle on the most frequently occurring cancers, including blood, bone, brain, breast, gastric, lung, oral, pancreatic and skin cancers. Heart disease and cancer are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality and the first and second leading causes of death in the United States. Risk of death declined more steeply for heart disease than cancer, offsetting the increase in heart disease deaths, which partially offsets the increase in cancer deaths resulting from demographic changes over the past four decades. Lung cancer is by far the most common cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide in many countries. The incidence rates of lung, colorectal and prostate cancers will continue to rise in the future decades due to the rise of ageing population. Pancreatic cancer is an aggressive malignancy with a poor long-term survival and there has been only slight improvement in outcomes over the past 30 years. Some of the most common contributing factors to various cancers include: genetics, tobacco use, infections, obesity, poor diet, physical inactivity, environmental pollution and hazards, ionizing and ultra-violet radiation (UVR), sunlight, cancer causing substances, chronic inflammation and immunosuppression. This article summarizes recent and tangible cancer control measures which include early detection, weight control, Mediterranean type diet, phytochemicals such as flavonoids, regular physical activity, therapeutic agents, chemotherapy, nano-medicine, medicinal plants and education through mass media awareness.","PeriodicalId":89799,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cancer research updates","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47046347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-25DOI: 10.30683/1929-2279.2018.07.04.4
M. Takatori
: To establish the clinical significance of low-level radiation exposure, this study was conducted under the artificial radioactive circumstances, such as internal exposure of alpha-ray with radon (Rn 222 ) dissolved water (RDW) intake, and its production method is uncomplicated and presented as public property by the third party. Here, we report that this method provides the wide range of availabilities in radioactivity. This 1-year experimental study investigated the effect of RDW on a dog as a mammal model, resulted in no biochemical harmfulness. To acquire the accuracy of this consequence, the accumulation of more data in mammal models is indespensable with consistent radioactive backgrounds.
{"title":"Clinical Significance of Low-Level Radiation Exposure in Mammalian Radiobiology Investigated by Radon (Rn222) Dissolved Water Intake in a Dog","authors":"M. Takatori","doi":"10.30683/1929-2279.2018.07.04.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30683/1929-2279.2018.07.04.4","url":null,"abstract":": To establish the clinical significance of low-level radiation exposure, this study was conducted under the artificial radioactive circumstances, such as internal exposure of alpha-ray with radon (Rn 222 ) dissolved water (RDW) intake, and its production method is uncomplicated and presented as public property by the third party. Here, we report that this method provides the wide range of availabilities in radioactivity. This 1-year experimental study investigated the effect of RDW on a dog as a mammal model, resulted in no biochemical harmfulness. To acquire the accuracy of this consequence, the accumulation of more data in mammal models is indespensable with consistent radioactive backgrounds.","PeriodicalId":89799,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cancer research updates","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49057482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-01DOI: 10.6000/1929-2279.2017.06.04.3
J. Pergolizzi, R. Raffa, E. González, J. LeQuang
Abstract: Cancer prevalence in Latin America (LATAM) is increasing and represents a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Managing cancer patients—who live longer than ever before—requires appropriate management of cancer pain, described by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1988 with its now famous “pain ladder,†the rungs of which represented nonopioids, weak opioids, and strong opioids as pain relievers. Yet even today much cancer pain is undertreated. Cancer pain can be multimechanistic with a neuropathic component which may complicate pain control. Acute pain should be treated aggressively to avoid the potential transition to chronic pain, a maladaptive form of pain that can be particularly challenging to treat. Although opioids have been recognized by WHO in 1988 and since then as a safe, effective form for treating moderate to severe cancer pain, opioid consumption in LATAM nations is very low. LATAM countries make up about 9% of the world’s population but represent only about 1% of global opioid consumption. Better education about pain control in cancer and opioid therapy is needed by both healthcare providers and patients to better treat cancer pain in LATAM. But opioid-associated side effects and the risk of abuse and diversion are important risks of opioid therapy that are to be fully understood by both healthcare providers and patients before commencing therapy. Opioid risk management plans balance the need for access to opioids for appropriate patients with the mitigation of opioid-related risks of abuse and addiction. Risks as well as benefits should be clearly understood in order to consider opioid therapy. Combining education, prescription drug monitoring plans, and other risk mitigation strategies may be useful tools. Abuse-deterrent formulations, such as fixed-dose combination products of an opioid with naloxone, have been designed to resist abuse. LATAM may benefit from such new products in efforts to bring better pain control to cancer patients in a rational and responsible manner.
{"title":"A Guide for Cancer Pain Management in Latin America","authors":"J. Pergolizzi, R. Raffa, E. González, J. LeQuang","doi":"10.6000/1929-2279.2017.06.04.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-2279.2017.06.04.3","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Cancer prevalence in Latin America (LATAM) is increasing and represents a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Managing cancer patients—who live longer than ever before—requires appropriate management of cancer pain, described by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1988 with its now famous “pain ladder,†the rungs of which represented nonopioids, weak opioids, and strong opioids as pain relievers. Yet even today much cancer pain is undertreated. Cancer pain can be multimechanistic with a neuropathic component which may complicate pain control. Acute pain should be treated aggressively to avoid the potential transition to chronic pain, a maladaptive form of pain that can be particularly challenging to treat. Although opioids have been recognized by WHO in 1988 and since then as a safe, effective form for treating moderate to severe cancer pain, opioid consumption in LATAM nations is very low. LATAM countries make up about 9% of the world’s population but represent only about 1% of global opioid consumption. Better education about pain control in cancer and opioid therapy is needed by both healthcare providers and patients to better treat cancer pain in LATAM. But opioid-associated side effects and the risk of abuse and diversion are important risks of opioid therapy that are to be fully understood by both healthcare providers and patients before commencing therapy. Opioid risk management plans balance the need for access to opioids for appropriate patients with the mitigation of opioid-related risks of abuse and addiction. Risks as well as benefits should be clearly understood in order to consider opioid therapy. Combining education, prescription drug monitoring plans, and other risk mitigation strategies may be useful tools. Abuse-deterrent formulations, such as fixed-dose combination products of an opioid with naloxone, have been designed to resist abuse. LATAM may benefit from such new products in efforts to bring better pain control to cancer patients in a rational and responsible manner.","PeriodicalId":89799,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cancer research updates","volume":"6 1","pages":"81-96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48235828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-25DOI: 10.6000/1929-2279.2018.07.03.5
L. Tacconi, Gennaro D’acunzi, R. Fristachi, F. Aquila
Sarcomas are rare tumours that commonly derive from neoplastic transformation of mesenchymal tissues. Only a small percentage of these malignancies are located in the spine. The gold standard of treatment is a multidisciplinary approach with the surgery being the most important tool. An en-bloc resection with free margins followed by radiotherapy seems to assure the best overall survival. Among the newest treatment modalities, certainly, the adrontherapy is the most interesting and promising kind of radiotherapy that uses the physical bullet properties (Bragg peak) of protons such as carbon ions to treat lesions. We present a case of a gentleman with a C2-C3 low grade osteosarcoma treated, after a biopsy tissue sample, with hadrontherapy alone. At 6 years follow up the tumour seems to be well under control.
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