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Inter-Annual Patterns of Butterfly Abundance Are Synchronized in Seasonal Neotropical Forest 季节性新热带森林蝴蝶丰度的年际格局是同步的
IF 1.7 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-10-21 DOI: 10.1111/btp.70118
María F. Checa, Elisa Levy, Jacqueline Rodríguez, Sebastián Mena, Patricio A. Salazar-Carrión, Keith Willmott

Evidence for significant declines in insects makes understanding the temporal dynamics of tropical communities a high priority. Here, we address the role of weather in influencing patterns of variation in butterflies across a steep rainfall gradient in western Ecuador. We address three questions: (1) How do climatic factors, driving seasonal patterns in butterfly communities, change across the climatic gradient? (2) Is weather more important in influencing abundance and richness in more seasonal sites than more aseasonal sites? (3) Do wet versus dry-adapted species show similar patterns of seasonality regardless of the ecosystem? We sampled bait-attracted butterflies at three forest sites for three consecutive years, in total, 7046 individuals of 212 species were recorded. Butterfly communities exhibited conspicuous intra- and inter-annual variation in temporal dynamics of abundance and species richness, with overall abundance likely synchronized across study sites and years in seasonal forests but not in the aseasonal forest. The highest numbers of species and individuals occurred during the wet season across all study sites and years, and indeed, rainfall was significantly positively associated with abundance. In addition, the highest abundance of dry and wet forest species occurred in both seasonal sites during 2012, the year with highest rainfall, whereas wet forest species peaked a year later in the aseasonal forest, following the pattern of the entire community at this site. These results show how temporal patterns of butterflies depend on the ecosystem type and rainfall regime and underline the significance of weather, as a driver of population trends in seasonal forests.

昆虫数量显著减少的证据使得了解热带群落的时间动态成为当务之急。在这里,我们讨论了天气在影响厄瓜多尔西部陡峭降雨梯度的蝴蝶变异模式中的作用。我们解决了三个问题:(1)驱动蝴蝶群落季节模式的气候因素如何在气候梯度上发生变化?(2)天气对季节性站点丰度和丰富度的影响是否比季节性站点更重要?(3)无论生态系统如何,湿适应物种和干适应物种是否表现出相似的季节性模式?连续3年在3个森林地点采集诱饵诱蝶样本,共记录诱饵诱蝶212种7046只。蝴蝶群落在丰度和物种丰富度的时间动态上表现出显著的年际和年内变化,季节性森林的总体丰度可能在不同的研究地点和年份同步,而在季节性森林中则不同步。在所有研究地点和年份中,丰水季的物种和个体数量最多,并且降雨量与丰度呈显著正相关。此外,在降雨量最高的2012年,这两个季节样地的干、湿林物种丰度最高,而湿林物种在一年后达到高峰,符合该样地整个群落的格局。这些结果显示了蝴蝶的时间模式如何取决于生态系统类型和降雨制度,并强调了天气的重要性,作为季节性森林种群趋势的驱动因素。
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引用次数: 0
2025 Julie S. Denslow and Peter Ashton Prizes for the Outstanding Articles Published in Biotropica 2025年Julie S. Denslow和Peter Ashton在Biotropica上发表的杰出文章奖
IF 1.7 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-10-17 DOI: 10.1111/btp.70115
Rhett Harrison
<p>Every year <i>Biotropica's</i> Editorial Board selects papers in our journal as the recipients of the <b>Julie S. Denslow</b> and <b>Peter Ashton Prizes</b>, with which we honor the outstanding articles published in our journal in the previous calendar year. Criteria for selecting the papers to receive these awards include clarity of presentation, a strong basis in natural history, well-planned experimental or sampling design, and the novel insights gained into critical processes that influence the structure, functioning, or conservation of tropical systems. Below, the authors of the award-winning articles describe what motivated their studies and how they hope the work will inspire other researchers. We hope you enjoy these insights into the process that led to their discoveries and ask that you join the Editorial Board of <i>Biotropica</i> and The Association for Tropical Biology and Conservation in congratulating the 2025 recipients, whose articles appeared in the 2024 issues.</p><p> <i>Tara Joy Massad</i> </p><p>Tara Joy Massad, Osvaldo Jacinto Abrão, Hermínio António, Acácio Chechene, Beto Soares C. Tenente, Arquimedes André, Diolinda Félix Mundoza, Marc E. Stalmans, Kaitlyn M. Gaynor, Luís Junior Comissario Mandlate, Mark-Oliver Rödel, and Piotr Naskrecki. (2024) Ecosystem-wide responses to fire and large mammal herbivores in an African savanna <i>Biotropica</i>, e13338, https://doi.org/10.1111/btp.13338.</p><p>We are honored to be the recipients of <i>Biotropica's</i> Denslow Prize, and we are grateful to share the rather unique story of how our study came to be. Gorongosa National Park, where our work took place, was the home of the only master's program run entirely in a national park. This program was created to train Mozambican students to be leaders in Conservation Biology in their country and was made possible by funding from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. Every 2 years, a cohort of students entered our program and took all their classes in the park—faculty from all over the world volunteered their time to teach these courses. In the second year of the program, students began their thesis research, and supporting their research was the genesis of the Gorongosa Savanna Ecology Experiment (GSEE), the focus of our recent paper.</p><p>We recognized the benefit of creating a ‘research playground’ of sorts in which our master's students could build a long-term dataset with a robust experimental framework and at the same time focus on questions of their own design. As fire and savannas are the major drivers of savanna ecology in Africa, the GSEE manipulates these two variables by excluding large mammals and applying cold and hot burns across replicate blocks. Our paper is the result of the work of the first cohort of students' thesis research in the experiment (Figures 1 and 2).</p><p>Osvaldo was interested in large mammals, so he set up camera traps in the open plots to evaluate the response of large mammal
鸟类和蚂蚁对热带树木的补充有何贡献?时,e13372。https://doi.org/10.1111/btp.13372.When我于2015年进入硕士课程,我是一名刚毕业的生物学专业学生,只在我以前的鸟类学实验室获得了经验。说“只有”给人的印象是没有什么经历,但事实并非如此!我有无数的成长经历!我参观了令人难以置信的地方,研究了迷人的鸟类群落,完全沉浸在大西洋森林中。我从沿海休养地到坎波斯高原,穿过原始的塔布莱罗森林到退化的地区。观察这些地方的鸟类,我不断地想知道它们的生态互动和它们在生态系统中的作用。从那时起,我对生态系统功能的兴趣就产生了,并开始增长——具体来说,种子传播引起了我的注意。在我读硕士期间,我加入了一个蚂蚁生态学实验室,为了使我的专业知识与我当时的导师jossure Henrique Schoereder博士(zh<s:1>)的专业知识保持一致,我们开始考虑一个可以将鸟类和蚂蚁结合起来的项目。josure Henrique Schoereder博士是一位杰出的蚂蚁动物学家和令人难以置信的导师。这些想法还处于初步阶段,需要进一步完善。当zh<s:1>参加了亚历山大·克里斯蒂安蒂尼博士关于双虫种子传播系统及其如何影响植物招募的讲座后,情况发生了变化。那次讲座为我们提供了推进项目所需的洞察力。亚历山大作为我的联合顾问加入了这个团队,并带来了丰富的经验。从那一刻起,该项目获得了一个具有挑战性的方向:调查鸟类和蚂蚁如何影响大西洋森林中先锋树(Xylopia sericea)的招募。然后我们去实地收集数据,困难开始显现。我对鸟类的研究方法已经很熟悉了,但其他一切都是新的,我需要帮助。在这一部分中,我的实验室同事们发挥了至关重要的作用,从每天在我们研究区域“无尽”的山丘上收集几次数据——跟踪在叶子锋利的草丛中运输种子的蚂蚁——到在实验室里对蚂蚁进行分类和识别。亚历山大以前的硕士生保罗·卡马戈(Paulo Camargo)博士已经研究过外交系统,他也给了我很大的帮助,在实地程序方面给了我宝贵的建议。收集的数据贯穿了该植物那年的整个繁殖季节,我们还监测了种子的招募情况,补充了下一个季节的数据。实地考察有点累,但在现场观察这些不同的生物如何在一个复杂的系统中相互作用,产生如此有趣的结果,是值得的。我们的研究结果揭示了一些有趣的事情:鸟类和蚂蚁共同努力,但以不同的方式,成功地招募了X. sericea。鸟类是远距离传播者,它们把种子从母树带到比蚂蚁远20倍的地方,在这个距离上,远离母树发芽的幼苗有更大的生存机会。尽管蚂蚁运输种子的距离要短得多,但它们的行动更加密集,其移动的种子数量是鸟类的两倍多(图3)。蚂蚁把种子带到它们的巢穴附近,那里营养丰富,幼苗有更好的发芽和建立的条件。我们发现,与鸟类单独传播相比,这种传播系统分两个阶段增加了近29%的植物招募。这向我们表明,绢蚕蛹依赖于两个传播阶段——鸟类通过空间传播种子,蚂蚁将它们放置在合适的微点上。看到这些模式从数据中浮现出来是一件令人兴奋的事情,证实了田野工作的劳累是值得的。我在2017年为我的硕士论文辩护,尽管我对结果非常满意,但我承认,我把这些数据搁置了几年,直到我开始攻读博士学位。我的博士导师Lucas Paolucci博士参与了我的硕士答辩,并且一直相信这个项目的潜力。是卢卡斯鼓励我写这篇文章的,我们一起塑造了手稿的第一版。在这个过程中,Lucas当时的博士后Vanessa Ribeiro博士提供了很多好的想法和建议。在那之后,我们与合著者进行了几个月的电子邮件交流,讨论和调整了各个方面,直到我们达成最终版本。为了讲述这篇文章的故事,我可以探索更多的实地工作,回忆更多的结果,或者讨论对未来研究的建议。然而,我相信它的一个重要部分在于在其构思、开发和出版过程中建立的各种合作和伙伴关系。 从开始思考实验目标、设计实验,到实地采集、数据整理、分析,再到最后的细化,这篇文章就像树、鸟、蚂蚁一样,来自多方的互动,多方的手、多方的心,相互作用,讲述了一个完整的故事。
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引用次数: 0
Floral Handedness in Mormodes Orchids: Revisiting Charles Darwin's Observations 形态兰花的花旋向性:重新审视达尔文的观察
IF 1.7 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-10-13 DOI: 10.1111/btp.70111
Arthur Domingos-Melo, Dhenife Mirelly Silva, Paulo Milet-Pinheiro

As observed by Charles Darwin, Mormodes (Catesetinae) orchids have mirrored flowers (enantiostyly), unique among orchids, which we demonstrate morphometrically. We provide a video of anthesis including lateral twisting of the floral column and hypothesize that these rare orchids utilize opposite sides of pollinators for pollen transfer to enhance cross-pollination.

正如查尔斯·达尔文所观察到的那样,Mormodes (Catesetinae)兰花有镜像花(对映花柱),这在兰花中是独一无二的,我们用形态计量学证明了这一点。我们提供了花期的视频,包括花柱的侧向扭曲,并假设这些罕见的兰花利用传粉者的对面进行花粉传递,以增强异花授粉。
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引用次数: 0
Large Old Native Trees Can Persist in Tropical Forest Fragments and Urban Landscapes 大型古老的原生树木可以在热带森林碎片和城市景观中持续存在
IF 1.7 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-10-11 DOI: 10.1111/btp.70110
Kenneth B. H. Er, Simin Lai, Chow Koon Yeo, Kwek Yan Chong, Wee Foong Ang, Thereis Y. S. Choo, Puay Yok Tan

Large old native trees are outstanding physical and ecological features in habitat remnants and landscapes in urban areas. Being able to estimate the age of these trees is important to our understanding of the potential impacts of environmental changes and their persistence in urban ecosystems. Here, we report on the ages of several native trees in forest fragments and within the urban landscapes in Singapore, estimated using radiocarbon dating. A Rubroshorea macroptera tree removed due to poor health and safety risk was estimated to be 215–511 years old. A Rubroshorea curtisii tree that had naturally fallen was estimated to be 211–372 years old. Climax forest tree species of Southeast Asia consistently appear to have lifespans of a few hundred years, even in forest fragments and urban landscapes in a city.

大型原生古树是城市地区栖息地遗存和景观中突出的物理和生态特征。能够估计这些树木的年龄对于我们理解环境变化的潜在影响及其在城市生态系统中的持久性非常重要。在这里,我们报告了新加坡森林碎片和城市景观中几种原生树木的年龄,使用放射性碳定年法进行了估计。由于健康和安全风险不佳而被移走的一棵大翅紫杉树估计有215-511年树龄。一棵自然倒下的树估计有211-372岁。东南亚的顶极森林树种似乎一直有几百年的寿命,即使在森林碎片和城市景观中也是如此。
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引用次数: 0
Strangler Figs and Their Spirits: How Indigenous Beliefs and Practices Influence an Iban Landscape, West Kalimantan, Indonesia 绞杀无花果及其精神:土著信仰和习俗如何影响伊班景观,西加里曼丹,印度尼西亚
IF 1.7 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-10-09 DOI: 10.1111/btp.70089
Ditro Wibisono Wardi Parikesit,  Hardiyanti, Firman Heru Kurniawan, Douglas Sheil

Local perceptions, concerns, and motivations influence conservation contexts and outcomes. In this study, we explore the beliefs around strangler figs within an Iban community in Indonesian Borneo and clarify how these influence land use and the status and distribution of these keystone tree species. The study was conducted with an Iban community in West Kalimantan in the Sungai Utik Indigenous Forest. We interviewed 32 adults (one per household) regarding their perceptions and behaviors towards strangler figs and applied 16 km of transects (width 100 m) to survey strangler figs in both old growth forest and in farmland–fallow mosaics. Most respondents (30 of 32 or 94%) considered large strangler figs to host various supernatural entities that may be dangerous if disturbed. The community protects these trees from damage wherever they occur. One fig species, Ficus benjamina, is used in healing rituals. We recorded 19 species of strangler figs inside the transects and 25 in total (individuals with woody stems/roots reaching the ground). Similar densities of strangler figs were found in farmland mosaics compared to forest (1.21 vs. 0.90 individuals/ha) with many reaching large sizes (mean canopy diameter 16.46 ± 8.54 vs. 10.25 ± 3.17 m). The figs that occur in the farmland mosaic originate in regrowth areas and result in 1% to 2% of the total farmland being protected from clearing. Our study demonstrates the value of integrating cultural and ecological data. Recognizing the significance of strangler figs in this community can inform conservation that sustains both biodiversity and culture.

当地的观念、关注和动机影响保护环境和结果。在这项研究中,我们探讨了印度尼西亚婆罗洲伊班社区中关于扼杀无花果的信仰,并阐明了这些信仰如何影响土地利用以及这些关键树种的地位和分布。这项研究是在西加里曼丹Sungai Utik土著森林的一个伊班社区进行的。我们采访了32名成年人(每户1人),了解他们对绞杀无花果的看法和行为,并利用16公里(宽度100米)的样带调查了原生林和农田-休耕马赛克中的绞杀无花果。大多数受访者(32人中有30人或94%)认为大型绞杀无花果承载着各种超自然的实体,如果受到干扰可能会很危险。社区保护这些树木免受任何地方的破坏。一种无花果,榕树,被用于治疗仪式。在样带内共记录到扼杀榕19种,共记录到25种(木本茎/根到达地面的个体)。农田花丛中藤蔓的密度与森林相似(1.21株/公顷vs. 0.90株/公顷),其中许多达到了较大的密度(平均树冠直径16.46±8.54 m vs. 10.25±3.17 m)。在农田马赛克中出现的无花果起源于再生长区,导致1%至2%的农田免于砍伐。我们的研究证明了整合文化和生态数据的价值。认识到扼杀无花果在这个社区的重要性,可以为维持生物多样性和文化的保护提供信息。
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引用次数: 0
When Raptors Are Away, Opossums Will Play: Woolly Opossums as Carrion Feeders in Harpy Eagle Nests 当猛禽不在的时候,负鼠会来玩:长毛负鼠在大雕的巢穴里吃腐肉
IF 1.7 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-10-02 DOI: 10.1111/btp.70102
João Pedro Fernandes Machado, Thiago Borges F. Semedo, Everton B. P. Miranda, Guilherme S. T. Garbino

During a 12-month camera trap study, we recorded woolly opossums scavenging prey remains from a Harpy eagle's nest in central Brazil. We review scavenging by New World marsupials and propose future studies using camera traps and experimental carcass removal to better understand this overlooked ecological interaction.

在一项为期12个月的相机陷阱研究中,我们记录了在巴西中部,毛负鼠从一只大雕的巢穴中搜寻猎物的残骸。我们回顾了新世界有袋动物的食腐行为,并提出了使用相机陷阱和实验尸体移除的未来研究,以更好地了解这种被忽视的生态相互作用。
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引用次数: 0
Age and Sex Influence Seed Dispersal of Native and Non-Native Plants by Lion-Tailed Macaques 年龄和性别对狮尾猕猴传播本地和非本地植物种子的影响
IF 1.7 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1111/btp.70106
Bindu Kempegowda, Honnavalli N. Kumara, Rohit Naniwadekar

Seed dispersal is a critical process in tropical forests. While interspecific variation is relatively well studied, intraspecific variation, as a consequence of differences in body size, foraging behaviors, and ranging patterns, remains understudied. Among vertebrates, primates play a critical role in seed dispersal and exhibit behavioral differences between age and sex categories, making them a suitable study system for intraspecific variation in seed dispersal. Lion-tailed macaques, an endemic frugivorous primate in the Western Ghats Biodiversity Hotspot, provide an excellent model for such studies. Here, we examined the influence of age and sex on (a) diversity of native and non-native fruits consumed; (b) quantity of native and non-native fruits consumed; (c) number of seeds dispersed; (d) movement rates; and (e) seed deposition substrates in lion-tailed macaques. We conducted over 320 h of focal animal sampling in two troops, distributed evenly across adult males, adult females, and subadult males. In both troops, adult males and subadult males consumed a greater diversity of native fruits. While adult females consumed a higher diversity and greater proportion of non-native fruits, subadult males consumed a higher proportion of native fruits. In one troop, subadult males dispersed fewer Ficus seeds than adult females. We found significant differences in relative proportions of non-native species consumed across age-sex categories, though the patterns varied across troops. Our study highlights that the relative differences across age-sex categories may differ across troops, which suggests an idiosyncratic contribution by different age-sex categories across different troops in seed dispersal and consequent recruitment of their food plants.

种子传播是热带森林的一个重要过程。虽然种间变异研究得相对较好,但种内变异,作为体型、觅食行为和范围模式差异的结果,仍未得到充分研究。在脊椎动物中,灵长类动物在种子传播中起着至关重要的作用,并表现出年龄和性别类别之间的行为差异,使其成为种子传播种内变异的合适研究系统。狮子尾猕猴是西高止山脉生物多样性热点地区特有的食果灵长类动物,为这类研究提供了一个很好的模型。在这里,我们研究了年龄和性别对(a)本地和非本地水果消费多样性的影响;(b)本地和非本地水果的消费量;(c)播散的种子数量;(d)移动速率;(e)在狮尾猕猴体内的种子沉积基质。我们在两个种群中进行了超过320小时的局部动物采样,均匀分布在成年雄性、成年雌性和亚成年雄性中。在这两个种群中,成年雄蚁和亚成年雄蚁消耗了更多种类的本地水果。成年雌虫消耗的非本地水果种类和比例更高,而亚成年雄虫消耗的本地水果比例更高。在一个群体中,亚成年雄性散播的无花果种子少于成年雌性。我们发现在不同的年龄和性别类别中,消耗的非本地物种的相对比例存在显著差异,尽管模式在不同的部队中有所不同。我们的研究强调,不同年龄-性别类别的相对差异可能在不同的部队中有所不同,这表明不同年龄-性别类别在不同部队中对种子传播和随后的食物植物招募的特殊贡献。
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引用次数: 0
Leaf Conditions Affect the Landing Success of Fallen Tropical Ants 树叶状况影响降落热带蚂蚁的着陆成功
IF 1.7 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-09-26 DOI: 10.1111/btp.70107
Andrew R. Seiler, Alyssa Y. Stark, Stephen P. Yanoviak

Falling to the ground is hazardous for arboreal ants. Workers of six ant species dropped onto leaves had the lowest landing success on inclined and wet leaves; epiphyll presence and ant body size had no effect. Consequently, landing on leaves in wet forests apparently is challenging for arboreal ants.

落在地上对树栖蚂蚁来说是很危险的。6种落在叶片上的工蚁在倾斜和潮湿的叶片上的着陆成功率最低;表观叶绿素的存在和蚂蚁的体型大小没有影响。因此,在潮湿森林的树叶上着陆对树栖蚂蚁来说显然是一个挑战。
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引用次数: 0
Soil Enzyme Stoichiometry Indicates the Alleviation of Microbial Carbon and Nutrient Limitations After Forest Restoration in Rubber Monocultures, Southwest China 土壤酶化学计量学表明,森林恢复后单一橡胶林地微生物碳和养分限制得到缓解
IF 1.7 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-09-22 DOI: 10.1111/btp.70104
Sujan Balami, Yu-Xuan Mo, Hai-Xia Hu, Xian-Meng Shi, Liang Song

The rapid expansion of rubber monocultures over the past two decades has degraded extensive areas of tropical rainforest, raising concerns about their restoration. A key factor influencing the recovery of these forests remains their microbially mediated biogeochemical cycling processes. Here, we investigated changes in soil carbon and nutrient concentration, the carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P)-acquiring soil extracellular enzyme activities and their stoichiometric ratios (reflecting microbial nutrient limitations) following forest restoration in rubber monocultures. Furthermore, we evaluated the effects of restoration strategies (natural regeneration and restoration plantings) and soil abiotic properties on enzyme activities and examined correlations between soil nutrient concentration and enzyme activities stoichiometric ratios. Our findings revealed that the enzyme activities in restored forests differed significantly from those in rubber monocultures, with higher or lower activities depending on the enzyme types and the restoration strategies. As restoration advanced, the enzyme C:N:P became relatively balanced, indicating an alleviation of microbial C- and N-limitation. Both restoration strategies alleviated microbial C-limitation to a similar extent, but restoration plantings showed a higher alleviation of microbial N-limitation than natural regeneration. Soil pH emerged as the main factor influencing enzyme activities. The increase in soil total P concentration significantly decreased microbial C-limitation but increased N-limitation. Furthermore, the increase in soil C:P and N:P ratios significantly alleviated the microbial N-limitation. Our findings highlight that converting monoculture rubber plantations back into tropical forests through natural regeneration and restoration plantings promotes positive changes in soil microbial activity, alleviates microbial nutrient limitations, and fosters a more balanced nutrient acquisition strategy. These results provide critical scientific support for ecological restoration efforts in tropical regions.

在过去的二十年里,橡胶单一种植的迅速扩张已经使大面积的热带雨林退化,这引起了人们对其恢复的关注。影响这些森林恢复的一个关键因素是其微生物介导的生物地球化学循环过程。在此,我们研究了橡胶单一栽培森林恢复后土壤碳和养分浓度、碳(C)、氮(N)和磷(P)获取土壤胞外酶活性及其化学计量比(反映微生物养分限制)的变化。此外,我们评估了恢复策略(自然更新和恢复种植)和土壤非生物特性对酶活性的影响,并研究了土壤养分浓度与酶活性化学计量比之间的相关性。结果表明,恢复林地的酶活性与单一橡胶林地的酶活性存在显著差异,酶活性的高低取决于酶的类型和恢复策略。随着恢复的进行,C:N:P酶变得相对平衡,表明微生物对C和N的限制有所缓解。两种恢复策略对微生物c限制的缓解程度相似,但恢复种植对微生物n限制的缓解程度高于自然更新。土壤pH值是影响酶活性的主要因素。土壤全磷浓度的增加显著降低了微生物的碳限制,但提高了微生物的氮限制。此外,土壤碳磷比和氮磷比的增加显著缓解了微生物氮限制。我们的研究结果强调,通过自然更新和恢复种植,将单一种植橡胶种植园转变为热带森林,可以促进土壤微生物活性的积极变化,缓解微生物养分限制,并促进更平衡的养分获取策略。这些结果为热带地区生态恢复提供了重要的科学依据。
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引用次数: 0
Seedling Trait Variation and Functional Space Occupation Responses to Topographic Water Shifts in A Tropical Dry Forest 热带干旱林幼苗性状变异及功能空间占用对地形水分变化的响应
IF 1.7 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-09-22 DOI: 10.1111/btp.70096
Juan Manuel Cely, María Natalia Umaña, Natalia Norden, Roy González-M, Camila Pizano, Beatriz Salgado-Negret

Water availability can change substantially at local scales due to topography (i.e., valleys and ridges), filtering out species depending upon their ecological strategies. Under drier conditions on ridges, species are expected to exhibit denser tissues, increased hydraulic safety, and greater water exploration, while simultaneously reducing their functional space, as low water availability acts as an environmental filter. However, it is commonly observed that generalist species are able to perform across a wide range of habitats, and it remains unclear how topographic heterogeneity influences their traits. In this study, we assessed intraspecific trait variation between valleys and ridges for 11 tree generalist species. We focused on ten morphological, physiological, and biomass allocation traits. To account for integrated plant responses, we also measured functional space occupation. We found higher leaf drought tolerance (lower turgor loss point), greater soil exploration (root mass fraction), and less dense tissues (leaf thickness and root tissue density) in drier ridges. Remarkably, πtlp was the only trait that consistently varied across all species studied, indicating a strong sensitivity of physiological traits to local-scale abiotic changes. Additionally, we found that generalist species exhibited a broader range of functional traits at drier topographic positions, raising new questions about trait optimization in species with these resource use strategies. Overall, the level of intraspecific trait variability enables species to cope with variations in water availability at small spatial scales. We emphasize the importance of considering small-scale abiotic variation and physiological traits to enhance our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of community assembly.

由于地形(即山谷和山脊)的不同,水的可用性在当地尺度上可能发生重大变化,根据物种的生态策略过滤掉它们。在干旱的山脊条件下,物种会表现出更密集的组织、更高的水力安全性和更大的水勘探,同时减少它们的功能空间,因为低水可用性起到了环境过滤器的作用。然而,通常观察到,通才物种能够在广泛的栖息地中表现,地形异质性如何影响其特征尚不清楚。在本研究中,我们评估了11个乔木通才树种的谷和脊间的种内性状变异。我们重点研究了10个形态、生理和生物量分配性状。为了解释植物的综合反应,我们还测量了功能空间占用。我们发现,在干旱的山脊上,叶片耐旱性更高(更低的膨胀损失点),土壤勘探程度更高(根质量分数),组织密度(叶片厚度和根组织密度)更低。值得注意的是,π - tlp是唯一在所有研究物种中一致变化的性状,表明生理性状对局部尺度的非生物变化具有很强的敏感性。此外,我们发现通才物种在干旱地形位置表现出更广泛的功能性状,这为这些资源利用策略下物种的性状优化提出了新的问题。总体而言,种内性状变异水平使物种能够在小空间尺度上应对水分供应的变化。我们强调考虑小规模的非生物变异和生理特征的重要性,以加强我们对群落组装的潜在机制的理解。
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Biotropica
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