Pub Date : 2016-01-01Epub Date: 2016-05-10DOI: 10.1080/15228932.2016.1172424
Kathleen Kemp, Marina Tolou-Shams, Selby Conrad, Emily Dauria, Kira Neel, Larry Brown
Over the past decade, suicide remains one of the leading causes of death among adolescents and a public health priority. Court-involved non-incarcerated juvenile justice youth frequently present with risk factors for suicide. Among these court-involved youth, 14% (n=50) endorsed a lifetime history of suicide ideation and attempts. Three main factors were associated with increased risk: prior offense, substance use, and childhood sexual abuse histories. This study highlights the importance of understanding suicidal behavior among non-detained juvenile justice populations. Community-based court involvement provides a rare opportunity to coordinate screening and suicide prevention efforts for youth and their families.
{"title":"Suicidal ideation and attempts among court-involved, non-incarcerated youth.","authors":"Kathleen Kemp, Marina Tolou-Shams, Selby Conrad, Emily Dauria, Kira Neel, Larry Brown","doi":"10.1080/15228932.2016.1172424","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15228932.2016.1172424","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Over the past decade, suicide remains one of the leading causes of death among adolescents and a public health priority. Court-involved non-incarcerated juvenile justice youth frequently present with risk factors for suicide. Among these court-involved youth, 14% (n=50) endorsed a lifetime history of suicide ideation and attempts. Three main factors were associated with increased risk: prior offense, substance use, and childhood sexual abuse histories. This study highlights the importance of understanding suicidal behavior among non-detained juvenile justice populations. Community-based court involvement provides a rare opportunity to coordinate screening and suicide prevention efforts for youth and their families.</p>","PeriodicalId":89973,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic psychology practice","volume":"16 3","pages":"169-181"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5682589/pdf/nihms914336.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35556999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.1080/15228932.2016.1119516
Robert A Semel
ABSTRACT This article examines use of the Jesness Inventory-Revised (JI-R) in the juvenile delinquency assessment context. The JI-R was identified by Hoge and Andrews (2010) among several standardized personality tests that are useful as part of a best-practice comprehensive juvenile forensic assessment. The JI-R is particularly relevant in forensic contexts with respect to identifying personality characteristics associated with juvenile delinquency. It is proposed that the JI-R can be integrated into the contemporary risk-need-responsivity (RNR) model of correctional assessment and rehabilitative programming and its application for juvenile delinquents. Studies suggest that the Jesness Inventory may identify an antisocial orientation dimension associated with dynamic risk-need factors in youths that influence criminal or delinquent behavior and that can be targeted for intervention. The JI-R also assesses internalizing psychological problems that may identify responsivity factors relevant for disposition and treatment planning in forensic contexts. This article identifies some technical limitations of the JI-R, including the issue of item overlap. The questionable effectiveness of this instrument in detecting response bias, especially underreporting, is also considered. Directions for future research are suggested.
{"title":"Incorporating the Jesness Inventory-Revised (JI-R) in a Best-Practice Model of Juvenile Delinquency Assessments","authors":"Robert A Semel","doi":"10.1080/15228932.2016.1119516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15228932.2016.1119516","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article examines use of the Jesness Inventory-Revised (JI-R) in the juvenile delinquency assessment context. The JI-R was identified by Hoge and Andrews (2010) among several standardized personality tests that are useful as part of a best-practice comprehensive juvenile forensic assessment. The JI-R is particularly relevant in forensic contexts with respect to identifying personality characteristics associated with juvenile delinquency. It is proposed that the JI-R can be integrated into the contemporary risk-need-responsivity (RNR) model of correctional assessment and rehabilitative programming and its application for juvenile delinquents. Studies suggest that the Jesness Inventory may identify an antisocial orientation dimension associated with dynamic risk-need factors in youths that influence criminal or delinquent behavior and that can be targeted for intervention. The JI-R also assesses internalizing psychological problems that may identify responsivity factors relevant for disposition and treatment planning in forensic contexts. This article identifies some technical limitations of the JI-R, including the issue of item overlap. The questionable effectiveness of this instrument in detecting response bias, especially underreporting, is also considered. Directions for future research are suggested.","PeriodicalId":89973,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic psychology practice","volume":"58 1","pages":"1 - 23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15228932.2016.1119516","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59840645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.1080/15228932.2015.1090230
M. Stein, L. Kan, C. Henderson
ABSTRACT Studies have examined relationships between (a) diagnoses and evaluator opinion of competence to stand trial (CST), (b) evaluator opinion and psycholegal abilities, and (c) diagnoses and psycholegal abilities. The present study adds to the literature by exploring the mediating role of psycholegal abilities between diagnoses and CST opinions through the examination of 119 CST reports. Findings indicate deficits in psycholegal abilities mediated the relationship between psychotic disorders and opinion of incompetence, but only among unmedicated defendants. Results regarding psycholegal abilities’ mediating role in the relationship between cognitive disorder and opinion of incompetence are less clear. We offered several hypotheses for the differences in results, as well as suggestions for future research.
{"title":"Do Psycholegal Abilities Mediate the Relationship between Psychiatric Diagnoses and Competence to Stand Trial Opinions?","authors":"M. Stein, L. Kan, C. Henderson","doi":"10.1080/15228932.2015.1090230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15228932.2015.1090230","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Studies have examined relationships between (a) diagnoses and evaluator opinion of competence to stand trial (CST), (b) evaluator opinion and psycholegal abilities, and (c) diagnoses and psycholegal abilities. The present study adds to the literature by exploring the mediating role of psycholegal abilities between diagnoses and CST opinions through the examination of 119 CST reports. Findings indicate deficits in psycholegal abilities mediated the relationship between psychotic disorders and opinion of incompetence, but only among unmedicated defendants. Results regarding psycholegal abilities’ mediating role in the relationship between cognitive disorder and opinion of incompetence are less clear. We offered several hypotheses for the differences in results, as well as suggestions for future research.","PeriodicalId":89973,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic psychology practice","volume":"16 1","pages":"24 - 38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15228932.2015.1090230","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59840878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.1080/15228932.2016.1124595
Roslyn M. Caldwell-Gunes, Kellie Smith, Kerri A. Norton
ABSTRACT The present study examined racial and ethnic differences and relationships concerning drug use and distribution. A sample of 225 female offenders equally divided by race (Caucasian, African American, and Hispanic) completed the Addiction Severity Index (ASI; Alterman et al., 2001) and provided history and types of drug-related offenses aside from demographic information. Results revealed that Caucasians had significantly more present possession offenses than did African Americans or Hispanics. However, Hispanics had more present distribution offenses than did African Americans or Caucasians. Moreover, Caucasians had significantly higher Drug Addiction Severity Index scores than did African Americans or Hispanics. This study offers insight into the role that race, ethnicity, and gender play related to drug abuse and criminal offending.
摘要:本研究考察了药物使用和分布方面的种族和民族差异及其关系。225名女性罪犯按种族(高加索人、非裔美国人和西班牙裔)平均划分，完成了成瘾严重程度指数(ASI;Alterman et al.， 2001)，除了人口统计信息外，还提供了毒品相关犯罪的历史和类型。结果显示，与非裔美国人或西班牙裔美国人相比，白种人目前持有毒品的犯罪明显更多。然而，西班牙裔美国人比非洲裔美国人或白种人有更多的分销违法行为。此外，白种人的药物成瘾严重程度指数得分明显高于非裔美国人或西班牙裔美国人。这项研究对种族、民族和性别在药物滥用和犯罪中所起的作用提供了深入的了解。
{"title":"Racial and Ethnic Differences in Factors Related to Drug Use Among Adult Female Offenders: Implications for Treatment","authors":"Roslyn M. Caldwell-Gunes, Kellie Smith, Kerri A. Norton","doi":"10.1080/15228932.2016.1124595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15228932.2016.1124595","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The present study examined racial and ethnic differences and relationships concerning drug use and distribution. A sample of 225 female offenders equally divided by race (Caucasian, African American, and Hispanic) completed the Addiction Severity Index (ASI; Alterman et al., 2001) and provided history and types of drug-related offenses aside from demographic information. Results revealed that Caucasians had significantly more present possession offenses than did African Americans or Hispanics. However, Hispanics had more present distribution offenses than did African Americans or Caucasians. Moreover, Caucasians had significantly higher Drug Addiction Severity Index scores than did African Americans or Hispanics. This study offers insight into the role that race, ethnicity, and gender play related to drug abuse and criminal offending.","PeriodicalId":89973,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic psychology practice","volume":"16 1","pages":"39 - 48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15228932.2016.1124595","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59840683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.1080/15228932.2016.1128301
G. Gulati, Robert Cornish, H. Al-Taiar, C. Miller, V. Khosla, C. Hinds, J. Price, J. Geddes, S. Fazel
ABSTRACT We describe the development and pilot testing of a novel, web-based, violence risk monitoring instrument for use in community patients with psychoses. We describe the development of the tool, including drawing on systematic reviews of the field, how item content was operationalized, the development of a user interface, and its subsequent piloting. Sixty-eight patients were included from three English counties, who had been discharged from forensic psychiatric services. Over 12 months, 310 questionnaires were completed on the sample by professionals from several disciplines and qualitative feedback collected relating to the use of the tool using an electronic survey. Strengths of this approach for risk assessment, and potential limitations and areas for future research, are discussed.
{"title":"Web-Based Violence Risk Monitoring Tool in Psychoses: Pilot Study in Community Forensic Patients","authors":"G. Gulati, Robert Cornish, H. Al-Taiar, C. Miller, V. Khosla, C. Hinds, J. Price, J. Geddes, S. Fazel","doi":"10.1080/15228932.2016.1128301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15228932.2016.1128301","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT We describe the development and pilot testing of a novel, web-based, violence risk monitoring instrument for use in community patients with psychoses. We describe the development of the tool, including drawing on systematic reviews of the field, how item content was operationalized, the development of a user interface, and its subsequent piloting. Sixty-eight patients were included from three English counties, who had been discharged from forensic psychiatric services. Over 12 months, 310 questionnaires were completed on the sample by professionals from several disciplines and qualitative feedback collected relating to the use of the tool using an electronic survey. Strengths of this approach for risk assessment, and potential limitations and areas for future research, are discussed.","PeriodicalId":89973,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic psychology practice","volume":"16 1","pages":"49 - 59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15228932.2016.1128301","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59840696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-10-20DOI: 10.1080/15228932.2015.1065620
Maria Ioannou, D. Canter, Donna Youngs, J. Synnott
The current study explores the roles offenders see themselves playing during an offense and their relationship to different crime types. One hundred and twenty incarcerated offenders indicated the narrative roles they acted out while committing a specific crime they remembered well. The data were subjected to Smallest Space Analysis (SSA) and four themes were identified: Hero, Professional, Revenger, and Victim in line with the recent theoretical framework posited for narrative offense roles (Youngs & Canter, 2012). Further analysis showed that different subsets of crimes were more likely to be associated with different narrative offense roles. Hero and Professional were found to be associated with property offenses (theft, burglary, and shoplifting), drug offenses, and robbery, while Revenger and Victim were found to be associated with violence, sexual offenses, and murder. The theoretical implications for understanding crime on the basis of offenders’ narrative roles as well as practical implications are discussed.
{"title":"Offenders’ Crime Narratives Across Different Types of Crimes","authors":"Maria Ioannou, D. Canter, Donna Youngs, J. Synnott","doi":"10.1080/15228932.2015.1065620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15228932.2015.1065620","url":null,"abstract":"The current study explores the roles offenders see themselves playing during an offense and their relationship to different crime types. One hundred and twenty incarcerated offenders indicated the narrative roles they acted out while committing a specific crime they remembered well. The data were subjected to Smallest Space Analysis (SSA) and four themes were identified: Hero, Professional, Revenger, and Victim in line with the recent theoretical framework posited for narrative offense roles (Youngs & Canter, 2012). Further analysis showed that different subsets of crimes were more likely to be associated with different narrative offense roles. Hero and Professional were found to be associated with property offenses (theft, burglary, and shoplifting), drug offenses, and robbery, while Revenger and Victim were found to be associated with violence, sexual offenses, and murder. The theoretical implications for understanding crime on the basis of offenders’ narrative roles as well as practical implications are discussed.","PeriodicalId":89973,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic psychology practice","volume":"15 1","pages":"383 - 400"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15228932.2015.1065620","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59840809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-10-20DOI: 10.1080/15228932.2015.1099335
Tina M. Zottoli, Tarika Daftary-Kapur, P. Zapf
In the United States, juvenile offenders are often excluded from the jurisdiction of juvenile court on the basis of age and crime type alone. Data from national surveys and data from psycholegal research on support for adult sanction of juvenile offenders are often at odds. The ways in which questions are asked and the level of detail provided to respondents and research participants may influence expressed opinions. Respondents may also be more likely to agree with harsh sanctions when they have fewer offender- and case-specific details to consider. Here, we test the hypothesis that attitudes supporting statutory exclusion laws measured in the absence of specific case-specific details may not be the best indicator of agreement with such laws in practice. We found that support for statutory exclusion was affected by exposure to information about an offender’s unique situation and by exposure to general scientific information about adolescent development. These results suggest that despite apparent widespread agreement with automatic exclusion statutes, laypersons consider factors other than those allowed by the law when they are asked how to treat an individual offender.
{"title":"We Don’t Always Mean What We Say: Attitudes Toward Statutory Exclusion of Juvenile Offenders From Juvenile Court Jurisdiction","authors":"Tina M. Zottoli, Tarika Daftary-Kapur, P. Zapf","doi":"10.1080/15228932.2015.1099335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15228932.2015.1099335","url":null,"abstract":"In the United States, juvenile offenders are often excluded from the jurisdiction of juvenile court on the basis of age and crime type alone. Data from national surveys and data from psycholegal research on support for adult sanction of juvenile offenders are often at odds. The ways in which questions are asked and the level of detail provided to respondents and research participants may influence expressed opinions. Respondents may also be more likely to agree with harsh sanctions when they have fewer offender- and case-specific details to consider. Here, we test the hypothesis that attitudes supporting statutory exclusion laws measured in the absence of specific case-specific details may not be the best indicator of agreement with such laws in practice. We found that support for statutory exclusion was affected by exposure to information about an offender’s unique situation and by exposure to general scientific information about adolescent development. These results suggest that despite apparent widespread agreement with automatic exclusion statutes, laypersons consider factors other than those allowed by the law when they are asked how to treat an individual offender.","PeriodicalId":89973,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic psychology practice","volume":"15 1","pages":"423 - 448"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15228932.2015.1099335","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59840890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-10-20DOI: 10.1080/15228932.2015.1090225
Angela M. Jones, M. B. Kovera
This study examined whether a demonstrative (visual aid) could increase the ability of opposing expert testimony to sensitize jurors to variations in the validity of scientific evidence. Undergraduates (N = 246) viewed a videotaped reenactment of an armed robbery trial with an eyewitness identification as the key evidence. Both the validity of the defense expert’s study on eyewitness identification and the type of opposing expert testimony varied. Although participants were sensitive to the scientific quality of the defense expert’s testimony when an opposing expert addressed the defense expert’s study, regardless of the presence of a demonstrative, jurors’ verdicts were sensitive only when the opposing expert used a demonstrative to communicate about validity issues. Thus, an opposing expert who addresses a defense expert’s study with or without a demonstrative may be sufficient to improve jurors’ understanding of scientific evidence, but the addition of a demonstrative is necessary to translate this knowledge into verdict decisions.
{"title":"A Demonstrative Helps Opposing Expert Testimony Sensitize Jurors to the Validity of Scientific Evidence","authors":"Angela M. Jones, M. B. Kovera","doi":"10.1080/15228932.2015.1090225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15228932.2015.1090225","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined whether a demonstrative (visual aid) could increase the ability of opposing expert testimony to sensitize jurors to variations in the validity of scientific evidence. Undergraduates (N = 246) viewed a videotaped reenactment of an armed robbery trial with an eyewitness identification as the key evidence. Both the validity of the defense expert’s study on eyewitness identification and the type of opposing expert testimony varied. Although participants were sensitive to the scientific quality of the defense expert’s testimony when an opposing expert addressed the defense expert’s study, regardless of the presence of a demonstrative, jurors’ verdicts were sensitive only when the opposing expert used a demonstrative to communicate about validity issues. Thus, an opposing expert who addresses a defense expert’s study with or without a demonstrative may be sufficient to improve jurors’ understanding of scientific evidence, but the addition of a demonstrative is necessary to translate this knowledge into verdict decisions.","PeriodicalId":89973,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic psychology practice","volume":"15 1","pages":"401 - 422"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15228932.2015.1090225","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59840818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-10-20DOI: 10.1080/15228932.2015.1099350
Aiman El Asam, M. Samara
It is well documented that the cognitive interview (CI) is a method of improving children’s recall, thereby limiting misinformation. Despite the popularity of the CI in Western societies, it is yet to be tested with native Arab children. The purpose of this study is to examine the usefulness, among Arab children, of the CI compared to a control interview (structured interview [SI]). The study is based on 80 Arabic children, aged 9–12 years, and the sample was stratified based on age and gender. Children viewed a short video clip of a theft crime, followed by a narrative containing misinformation; interviews were conducted 2 to 16 days following the stimuli. The CI led to significantly more correct details, and was shown to limit misinformation compared to the SI. Moreover, the CI led to a higher number of incorrect and confabulated details. The results also showed significant effects of age and delay (interval between scene and interview) on memory recall. Overall, it was concluded that the CI is a transferable technique to Arab children. However, careful consideration should be given to the difficulty of the two CI instructions (Change Perspective and Change Order) as well as culture-related characteristics.
{"title":"The Cognitive Interview: Improving Recall and Reducing Misinformation Among Arab Children","authors":"Aiman El Asam, M. Samara","doi":"10.1080/15228932.2015.1099350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15228932.2015.1099350","url":null,"abstract":"It is well documented that the cognitive interview (CI) is a method of improving children’s recall, thereby limiting misinformation. Despite the popularity of the CI in Western societies, it is yet to be tested with native Arab children. The purpose of this study is to examine the usefulness, among Arab children, of the CI compared to a control interview (structured interview [SI]). The study is based on 80 Arabic children, aged 9–12 years, and the sample was stratified based on age and gender. Children viewed a short video clip of a theft crime, followed by a narrative containing misinformation; interviews were conducted 2 to 16 days following the stimuli. The CI led to significantly more correct details, and was shown to limit misinformation compared to the SI. Moreover, the CI led to a higher number of incorrect and confabulated details. The results also showed significant effects of age and delay (interval between scene and interview) on memory recall. Overall, it was concluded that the CI is a transferable technique to Arab children. However, careful consideration should be given to the difficulty of the two CI instructions (Change Perspective and Change Order) as well as culture-related characteristics.","PeriodicalId":89973,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic psychology practice","volume":"15 1","pages":"449 - 477"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15228932.2015.1099350","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59840945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-08-04DOI: 10.1080/15228932.2015.1051447
M. Acklin, Kristen Fuger, W. Gowensmith
The reliability of forensic methods continues to be controversial. Hawaii is unique in utilizing a three-panel system for evaluating criminal defendants for competency to stand trial (CST), not guilty by reason of insanity (NGRI), and postacquittal conditional release (CR). The study examined independent forensic reports with judicial determinations to assess examiner agreement and judicial consensus. Examinees (N = 450) were defendants charged with felony offenses. Three groups of examiners conducted independent forensic mental health evaluations: community-based psychiatrists, community-based psychologists, and psychologists employed by the Courts & Corrections branch of the Hawaii Department of Health. Five classes of reliability estimators were examined in a noncrossed data measurement design. The study examined field reliability of CST, NGRI, and CR as operationalized psycholegal constructs. Overall, findings revealed wide variability in examiner consensus and agreement between examiners and judges, depending on type of examination. Factors associated with examiner disagreement are discussed. Findings are similar to field reliability for other types of complex decision making. Procedural standardization, application of structured professional methods, use for forensic assessment instruments, and de-bias assessment are recommended to improve the quality of forensic mental health opinions.
{"title":"Examiner Agreement and Judicial Consensus in Forensic Mental Health Evaluations","authors":"M. Acklin, Kristen Fuger, W. Gowensmith","doi":"10.1080/15228932.2015.1051447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15228932.2015.1051447","url":null,"abstract":"The reliability of forensic methods continues to be controversial. Hawaii is unique in utilizing a three-panel system for evaluating criminal defendants for competency to stand trial (CST), not guilty by reason of insanity (NGRI), and postacquittal conditional release (CR). The study examined independent forensic reports with judicial determinations to assess examiner agreement and judicial consensus. Examinees (N = 450) were defendants charged with felony offenses. Three groups of examiners conducted independent forensic mental health evaluations: community-based psychiatrists, community-based psychologists, and psychologists employed by the Courts & Corrections branch of the Hawaii Department of Health. Five classes of reliability estimators were examined in a noncrossed data measurement design. The study examined field reliability of CST, NGRI, and CR as operationalized psycholegal constructs. Overall, findings revealed wide variability in examiner consensus and agreement between examiners and judges, depending on type of examination. Factors associated with examiner disagreement are discussed. Findings are similar to field reliability for other types of complex decision making. Procedural standardization, application of structured professional methods, use for forensic assessment instruments, and de-bias assessment are recommended to improve the quality of forensic mental health opinions.","PeriodicalId":89973,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic psychology practice","volume":"15 1","pages":"318 - 343"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15228932.2015.1051447","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59840717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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