Shelby C Carlson, John A Vucetich, L Mark Elbroch, Shelby Perry, Lydia A Roe, Tom Butler, Jeremy T Bruskotter
A critical but underattended feature of the biodiversity crisis is the contraction of geographic range experienced by most studied terrestrial vertebrates. In the United States, the primary policy tool for mitigating the biodiversity crisis is a federal law, the Endangered Species Act (ESA). For the past two decades, the federal agencies that administer the ESA have interpreted the act in a manner that precludes treating this geographic element of the crisis. Therefore, the burden of mitigating the biodiversity crisis largely falls on wildlife agencies within state government, which are obligated to operate on behalf of the interests of their constituents. We present survey research indicating that most constituents expect state agencies to prioritize species restoration over other activities, including hunting. This prioritization holds even among self-identified hunters, which is significant because state agencies often take the provisioning of hunting opportunity as their top priority. By prioritizing rewilding efforts that restore native species throughout portions of their historic range, state agencies could unify hunting and nonhunting constituents while simultaneously stemming the biodiversity crisis.
{"title":"The role of governance in rewilding the United States to stem the biodiversity crisis","authors":"Shelby C Carlson, John A Vucetich, L Mark Elbroch, Shelby Perry, Lydia A Roe, Tom Butler, Jeremy T Bruskotter","doi":"10.1093/biosci/biad099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biad099","url":null,"abstract":"A critical but underattended feature of the biodiversity crisis is the contraction of geographic range experienced by most studied terrestrial vertebrates. In the United States, the primary policy tool for mitigating the biodiversity crisis is a federal law, the Endangered Species Act (ESA). For the past two decades, the federal agencies that administer the ESA have interpreted the act in a manner that precludes treating this geographic element of the crisis. Therefore, the burden of mitigating the biodiversity crisis largely falls on wildlife agencies within state government, which are obligated to operate on behalf of the interests of their constituents. We present survey research indicating that most constituents expect state agencies to prioritize species restoration over other activities, including hunting. This prioritization holds even among self-identified hunters, which is significant because state agencies often take the provisioning of hunting opportunity as their top priority. By prioritizing rewilding efforts that restore native species throughout portions of their historic range, state agencies could unify hunting and nonhunting constituents while simultaneously stemming the biodiversity crisis.","PeriodicalId":9003,"journal":{"name":"BioScience","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2023-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138514380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-16eCollection Date: 2023-12-01DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biad098
Carly N Cook, Kent H Redford, Mark W Schwartz
The exponential increase in the availability of genomic data, derived from sequencing thousands of loci or whole genomes, provides exciting new insights into the diversity of life. However, it can also challenge established species concepts and existing management regimes derived from these concepts. Genomic data can help inform decisions about how to manage genetic diversity, but policies that protect identified taxonomic entities can generate conflicting recommendations that create challenges for practitioners. We outline three dimensions of management concern that arise when facing new and potentially conflicting interpretations of genomic data: defining conservation entities, deciding how to manage diversity, and evaluating the risks and benefits of management actions. We highlight the often-underappreciated role of values in influencing management choices made by individuals, scientists, practitioners, the public, and other stakeholders. Such values influence choices through mechanisms such as the Rashomon effect, whereby management decisions are complicated by conflicting perceptions of the causes and consequences of the conservation problem. To illustrate how this might operate, we offer a hypothetical example of this effect for the interpretation of genomic data and its implications for conservation management. Such value-based decisions can be challenged by the rigidity of existing management regimes, making it difficult to achieve the necessary flexibility to match the changing biological understanding. We finish by recommending that both conservation geneticists and practitioners reflect on their respective values, responsibilities, and roles in building a more robust system of species management. This includes embracing the inclusion of stakeholders in decision-making because, as in many cases, there are not objectively defensible right or wrong decisions.
{"title":"Species conservation in the era of genomic science.","authors":"Carly N Cook, Kent H Redford, Mark W Schwartz","doi":"10.1093/biosci/biad098","DOIUrl":"10.1093/biosci/biad098","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The exponential increase in the availability of genomic data, derived from sequencing thousands of loci or whole genomes, provides exciting new insights into the diversity of life. However, it can also challenge established species concepts and existing management regimes derived from these concepts. Genomic data can help inform decisions about how to manage genetic diversity, but policies that protect identified taxonomic entities can generate conflicting recommendations that create challenges for practitioners. We outline three dimensions of management concern that arise when facing new and potentially conflicting interpretations of genomic data: defining conservation entities, deciding how to manage diversity, and evaluating the risks and benefits of management actions. We highlight the often-underappreciated role of values in influencing management choices made by individuals, scientists, practitioners, the public, and other stakeholders. Such values influence choices through mechanisms such as the Rashomon effect, whereby management decisions are complicated by conflicting perceptions of the causes and consequences of the conservation problem. To illustrate how this might operate, we offer a hypothetical example of this effect for the interpretation of genomic data and its implications for conservation management. Such value-based decisions can be challenged by the rigidity of existing management regimes, making it difficult to achieve the necessary flexibility to match the changing biological understanding. We finish by recommending that both conservation geneticists and practitioners reflect on their respective values, responsibilities, and roles in building a more robust system of species management. This includes embracing the inclusion of stakeholders in decision-making because, as in many cases, there are not objectively defensible right or wrong decisions.</p>","PeriodicalId":9003,"journal":{"name":"BioScience","volume":"73 12","pages":"885-890"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2023-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10755706/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139073340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The AIBS IDEA Conference 2.0","authors":"M. K. Joyce, Jyotsna L Pandey, Dajoie R Croslan","doi":"10.1093/biosci/biad100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biad100","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9003,"journal":{"name":"BioScience","volume":"57 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139275967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ahjond Garmestani, Craig R Allen, David G Angeler, Lance Gunderson, J B Ruhl
Abstract Adaptive management is an approach for stewardship of social–ecological systems in circumstances with high uncertainty and high controllability. Although they are largely overlooked in adaptive management (and social–ecological system management), it is important to account for spatial and temporal scales to mediate within- and cross-scale effects of management actions, because cross-scale interactions increase uncertainty and can lead to undesirable consequences. The iterative nature of an adaptive approach can be expanded to multiple scales to accommodate different stakeholder priorities and multiple ecosystem attributes. In this Forum, we introduce multiscale adaptive management of social–ecological systems, which merges adaptive management with panarchy (a multiscale model of social–ecological systems) and demonstrate the importance of this approach with case studies from the Great Plains of North America and the Platte River Basin, in the United States. Adaptive management combined with a focus on the panarchy model of social–ecological systems can help to improve the management of social–ecological systems.
{"title":"Multiscale adaptive management of social–ecological systems","authors":"Ahjond Garmestani, Craig R Allen, David G Angeler, Lance Gunderson, J B Ruhl","doi":"10.1093/biosci/biad096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biad096","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Adaptive management is an approach for stewardship of social–ecological systems in circumstances with high uncertainty and high controllability. Although they are largely overlooked in adaptive management (and social–ecological system management), it is important to account for spatial and temporal scales to mediate within- and cross-scale effects of management actions, because cross-scale interactions increase uncertainty and can lead to undesirable consequences. The iterative nature of an adaptive approach can be expanded to multiple scales to accommodate different stakeholder priorities and multiple ecosystem attributes. In this Forum, we introduce multiscale adaptive management of social–ecological systems, which merges adaptive management with panarchy (a multiscale model of social–ecological systems) and demonstrate the importance of this approach with case studies from the Great Plains of North America and the Platte River Basin, in the United States. Adaptive management combined with a focus on the panarchy model of social–ecological systems can help to improve the management of social–ecological systems.","PeriodicalId":9003,"journal":{"name":"BioScience","volume":"1 8","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135874832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cátia Lúcio Pereira, Zeynep Ersoy, M Thomas P Gilbert, Dominique Gravel, Miguel B Araújo, Miguel G Matias
Abstract Food webs represent trophic interactions within ecosystems. Matching traits of consumers and resources helps infer trophic interactions and food-web properties. Environmental (e)DNA, commonly used for detecting species occurrences, is rarely used in trait-matching studies because abundance estimates and descriptions of relevant traits are generally missing. We synthesized recent literature on inferences of trophic interactions with eDNA and trait matching to identify challenges and opportunities for coupled eDNA–trait recording schemes. Our case study shows how coupling eDNA and trait data collection improves the ability to characterize greater numbers of food webs across multiple scales ranging from spatiotemporal to trait variation. Future-proofing eDNA data sets requires the collection of new traits or the compilation of existing trait data at spatiotemporal scales that are relevant to detect current and future changes in food webs and ecosystems.
{"title":"Future-proofing environmental DNA and trait-based predictions of food webs","authors":"Cátia Lúcio Pereira, Zeynep Ersoy, M Thomas P Gilbert, Dominique Gravel, Miguel B Araújo, Miguel G Matias","doi":"10.1093/biosci/biad089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biad089","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Food webs represent trophic interactions within ecosystems. Matching traits of consumers and resources helps infer trophic interactions and food-web properties. Environmental (e)DNA, commonly used for detecting species occurrences, is rarely used in trait-matching studies because abundance estimates and descriptions of relevant traits are generally missing. We synthesized recent literature on inferences of trophic interactions with eDNA and trait matching to identify challenges and opportunities for coupled eDNA–trait recording schemes. Our case study shows how coupling eDNA and trait data collection improves the ability to characterize greater numbers of food webs across multiple scales ranging from spatiotemporal to trait variation. Future-proofing eDNA data sets requires the collection of new traits or the compilation of existing trait data at spatiotemporal scales that are relevant to detect current and future changes in food webs and ecosystems.","PeriodicalId":9003,"journal":{"name":"BioScience","volume":"69 11-12","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135455539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-31DOI: 10.24036/bsc.v7i2.125246
Bintang Fadhil Ramadhan, Muhammad Farikh, Muhammad Naufal Arrafi, Nagra Aulia Valofi, Walidatul Awaliyah, Jessi Rizkanauli Simangungsong, Dini Herisanti, S. Farma
. Neuroglobin (Ngb) is a newly discovered globin that is found in large numbers in neurons. Brain cells are very sensitive to lack of oxygen and can begin to die within five minutes after the oxygen supply is cut off. Hypoxic conditions of brain tissue are ischemic in the area of the bleeding center This study aims to design and test the specificity of the Neuroglobin Rattus norvegicus mRNA gene in silico as a nucleotide capable of reading neuroglobin gene expression. The neuroglobin gene sequence was obtained using a "nucleotide" search menu provided by NCBI GenBank and designed using Geneious Prime bioinformatics software. The neuroglobin gene sequence used in this study was Rattus norvegicus mRNA with accession number NM_033359.3|:1-1,773. Synthesized primary pairs are optimized using PCR gradients. PCR products were analyzed by electrophoresis using 1.5% agarose gel, 100 V for 27 minutes. The results obtained one forward primer for Rattus norvegicus neuroglobin (Ngb) which has a length of 20 bases with the order of 5' AGTCTTAGCCTCTCCCCCAG -3' and reverse primer has a length of 20 bases with the order of 5' GTCTACAGAACCACGGCACAcx-3' product size 803 bp. The difference Tm in this pair of primers is 0.9 0C. The gradient PCR results showed the thickest and clearest DNA bands were at 57.7°C. Primers with the best primary criteria for neuroglobin genes were obtained with an amplicon size of 803 bp and an aneealing temperature of 57.7 °C. The design results meet the requirements of good criteria so that the primary candidate design results can be used for the PCR process.
{"title":"Design and Specificity Test of Specific Primers for Neuroglobin Gene Expression Modulation in Brain Tissue of Rattus norvegicus using qRT-PCR","authors":"Bintang Fadhil Ramadhan, Muhammad Farikh, Muhammad Naufal Arrafi, Nagra Aulia Valofi, Walidatul Awaliyah, Jessi Rizkanauli Simangungsong, Dini Herisanti, S. Farma","doi":"10.24036/bsc.v7i2.125246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24036/bsc.v7i2.125246","url":null,"abstract":". Neuroglobin (Ngb) is a newly discovered globin that is found in large numbers in neurons. Brain cells are very sensitive to lack of oxygen and can begin to die within five minutes after the oxygen supply is cut off. Hypoxic conditions of brain tissue are ischemic in the area of the bleeding center This study aims to design and test the specificity of the Neuroglobin Rattus norvegicus mRNA gene in silico as a nucleotide capable of reading neuroglobin gene expression. The neuroglobin gene sequence was obtained using a \"nucleotide\" search menu provided by NCBI GenBank and designed using Geneious Prime bioinformatics software. The neuroglobin gene sequence used in this study was Rattus norvegicus mRNA with accession number NM_033359.3|:1-1,773. Synthesized primary pairs are optimized using PCR gradients. PCR products were analyzed by electrophoresis using 1.5% agarose gel, 100 V for 27 minutes. The results obtained one forward primer for Rattus norvegicus neuroglobin (Ngb) which has a length of 20 bases with the order of 5' AGTCTTAGCCTCTCCCCCAG -3' and reverse primer has a length of 20 bases with the order of 5' GTCTACAGAACCACGGCACAcx-3' product size 803 bp. The difference Tm in this pair of primers is 0.9 0C. The gradient PCR results showed the thickest and clearest DNA bands were at 57.7°C. Primers with the best primary criteria for neuroglobin genes were obtained with an amplicon size of 803 bp and an aneealing temperature of 57.7 °C. The design results meet the requirements of good criteria so that the primary candidate design results can be used for the PCR process.","PeriodicalId":9003,"journal":{"name":"BioScience","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139308576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-31DOI: 10.24036/bsc.v7i2.125392
Muhammad Farikh, Rahmad Wanizal Pastha, Rezeki Rival Alridho, Aura Zahra Nafisah, Bintang Fadhil Ramadhan, A. Achyar
. The impact caused by biota biofouling activities is the occurrence of corrosiveness and paralysis in installation buildings. To facilitate the installation and stability of biodiversity, researchers try to present environmental DNA (e-DNA) as environmental samples without killing and isolating an organism by utilizing environmental samples. This study aims to obtain a universal and specific primer of the Cytochrome Oxidase I (COX1) gene that can be used to identify biofouling barnacle groups designed in silico. The sequence used in this study was from Amphibalanus amphitrite mitochondria and Semibalanus balanoides with NCBI accession numbers NC_024525.1|:1-1,551 and NC_039849|:1-1,551. The sequence of COX1 sequences obtained was saved in FASTA format for further use in the primer design process using Geneious Prime. The determination of sustainable areas was determined using Benchling and Geneious Prime in the stages of multiple alignment. Sequence with the best specific primer criteria for COX1 A. amphitrite obtained with a length of 20-22 bases and an amplicon size of 910 bp. The sequence of forward and reverse primer bases were 5'-GAGCTGAACTTGGTCAACCG-3' and 5'GCTCAAAGAAGAGGAGGGCTAT-3'. Sequence with best universal primer criteria of the barnacle group for COX1 were obtained with a length of 24 bases each and an amplicon size of 1,270 bp. The sequence of forward and reverse primer bases were 5'-GACTTCTACCGTTAATGTTAGGAG-3' and 5'- CTATGGTAATGAGGAGGAGTAGTG-3'. The design results meet the requirements of a good primer so that the primer candidate design results can be used for the PCR process.
{"title":"Multiple Alignment and Primer Design for Groups of Barnacle Organisms and Amphibalanus amphitrite as Biofouling Markers","authors":"Muhammad Farikh, Rahmad Wanizal Pastha, Rezeki Rival Alridho, Aura Zahra Nafisah, Bintang Fadhil Ramadhan, A. Achyar","doi":"10.24036/bsc.v7i2.125392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24036/bsc.v7i2.125392","url":null,"abstract":". The impact caused by biota biofouling activities is the occurrence of corrosiveness and paralysis in installation buildings. To facilitate the installation and stability of biodiversity, researchers try to present environmental DNA (e-DNA) as environmental samples without killing and isolating an organism by utilizing environmental samples. This study aims to obtain a universal and specific primer of the Cytochrome Oxidase I (COX1) gene that can be used to identify biofouling barnacle groups designed in silico. The sequence used in this study was from Amphibalanus amphitrite mitochondria and Semibalanus balanoides with NCBI accession numbers NC_024525.1|:1-1,551 and NC_039849|:1-1,551. The sequence of COX1 sequences obtained was saved in FASTA format for further use in the primer design process using Geneious Prime. The determination of sustainable areas was determined using Benchling and Geneious Prime in the stages of multiple alignment. Sequence with the best specific primer criteria for COX1 A. amphitrite obtained with a length of 20-22 bases and an amplicon size of 910 bp. The sequence of forward and reverse primer bases were 5'-GAGCTGAACTTGGTCAACCG-3' and 5'GCTCAAAGAAGAGGAGGGCTAT-3'. Sequence with best universal primer criteria of the barnacle group for COX1 were obtained with a length of 24 bases each and an amplicon size of 1,270 bp. The sequence of forward and reverse primer bases were 5'-GACTTCTACCGTTAATGTTAGGAG-3' and 5'- CTATGGTAATGAGGAGGAGTAGTG-3'. The design results meet the requirements of a good primer so that the primer candidate design results can be used for the PCR process.","PeriodicalId":9003,"journal":{"name":"BioScience","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139309491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-31DOI: 10.24036/bsc.v7i2.123265
Inayatul Fatia, I. Irdawati, L. Advinda, A. Anhar
. Biofuel is a potentially renewable alternative fuel in Indonesia. Bioethanol is one example of the most commonly used biofuel. Microorganisms of thermophilic bacteria are known to contribute to the production of bioethanol. Thermophilic bacteria are efficient against high temperature conditions so as to minimize contamination. Production of bioethanol can also use joint culture (consortium). Bioethanol production using a microbial biculture consortium is known to significantly increase the level of bioethanol production. The purpose of this study was to determine the compatibility and to determine the optimum potential of the thermophilic bacterial biculture consortium of Sapan Sungai Aro hot water for bioethanol production. This research is a type of descriptive research. To test the cooperation between consortium isolates of thermophilic bacteria producing bioethanol, a compatibility test was carried out using the disk diffusion method. Then the consortium isolates were fermented in liquid TMM (Thermophilic Minimum Media) medium, the bioethanol content was measured after distillation using a pycnometer. The results of the bacterial compatibility test showed that there was one pair of isolates that were not compatible, namely SSA 8 & SSA 14 due to the presence of a clear zone. On research results. The production of bioethanol by a consortium of thermophilic bacteria gives more optimal results compared to a single isolate. The best thermophilic bacterial biculture consortium from the Sapan Sungai Aro hot spring in producing biofuels is SSA 14 & SSA 16 which is 3.009%.
.在印度尼西亚，生物燃料是一种潜在的可再生替代燃料。生物乙醇是最常用的生物燃料之一。众所周知，嗜热细菌微生物有助于生物乙醇的生产。嗜热细菌能有效抵御高温条件，从而最大限度地减少污染。生物乙醇的生产也可以使用联合培养（联合体）。众所周知，使用微生物双培养联合体生产生物乙醇可显著提高生物乙醇的生产水平。本研究的目的是确定 Sapan Sungai Aro 热水的嗜热细菌双培养联合体在生物乙醇生产中的兼容性和最佳潜力。本研究属于描述性研究。为了测试生产生物乙醇的嗜热细菌联合体分离物之间的合作情况，使用磁盘扩散法进行了相容性测试。然后在液体 TMM（嗜热最低限度培养基）培养基中发酵分离出的菌群，使用蒸馏器测量蒸馏后的生物乙醇含量。细菌相容性测试结果表明，有一对分离物不相容，即 SSA 8 和 SSA 14，原因是存在一个清晰的区域。关于研究成果。与单一分离菌相比，嗜热菌联合体生产生物乙醇的效果更为理想。在生产生物燃料方面，来自 Sapan Sungai Aro 温泉的最佳嗜热细菌双培养联合体是 SSA 14 和 SSA 16，其生物燃料生产率为 3.009%。
{"title":"The Potential of Hot Water Sapan Sungai Aro Thermophilic Bacteria Consortium in Producing Bioethanol","authors":"Inayatul Fatia, I. Irdawati, L. Advinda, A. Anhar","doi":"10.24036/bsc.v7i2.123265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24036/bsc.v7i2.123265","url":null,"abstract":". Biofuel is a potentially renewable alternative fuel in Indonesia. Bioethanol is one example of the most commonly used biofuel. Microorganisms of thermophilic bacteria are known to contribute to the production of bioethanol. Thermophilic bacteria are efficient against high temperature conditions so as to minimize contamination. Production of bioethanol can also use joint culture (consortium). Bioethanol production using a microbial biculture consortium is known to significantly increase the level of bioethanol production. The purpose of this study was to determine the compatibility and to determine the optimum potential of the thermophilic bacterial biculture consortium of Sapan Sungai Aro hot water for bioethanol production. This research is a type of descriptive research. To test the cooperation between consortium isolates of thermophilic bacteria producing bioethanol, a compatibility test was carried out using the disk diffusion method. Then the consortium isolates were fermented in liquid TMM (Thermophilic Minimum Media) medium, the bioethanol content was measured after distillation using a pycnometer. The results of the bacterial compatibility test showed that there was one pair of isolates that were not compatible, namely SSA 8 & SSA 14 due to the presence of a clear zone. On research results. The production of bioethanol by a consortium of thermophilic bacteria gives more optimal results compared to a single isolate. The best thermophilic bacterial biculture consortium from the Sapan Sungai Aro hot spring in producing biofuels is SSA 14 & SSA 16 which is 3.009%.","PeriodicalId":9003,"journal":{"name":"BioScience","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139308072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-31DOI: 10.24036/bsc.v7i2.122674
Annisa Khaira, Z. Zulyusri, A. Achyar, Dwi Hilda Putri, Yusni Atifah, V. Violita
. Rice is the main food source for Indonesians. The demand for rice to meet people's needs increases every year due to population growth and efforts to improve nutrition by the community. One of the problems that can affect rice production is drought. Drought is an environmental condition when plants do not get enough water to grow and develop optimally, which can cause a decrease in rice production. To find out how rice growth responds to drought, a study was carried out by giving drought simulation treatments using polyethylene glycol (PEG) on several rice varieties. This study used a completely randomized design that was arranged in a factorial manner with two factors. The first factor was the rice varieties (Harum, Situbagendit, Rosna) the second factor was 0% and 20% PEG concentration. The data obtained were then analyzed statistically using a two-way ANOVA test, and if the results were significantly different, then proceed with Duncan's test at the 5% level.The results showed that the drought simulation treatment had a negative effect on rice growth. Drought simulation treatment using 20% PEG resulted in a decrease in Kadar air relatif (KAR), root length, plant height, and root dry weight of rice. The highest decrease in KAR was found in the sensitive rice variety (Rosna), which was 43.42%. The highest average root length (7.99 cm) was on the sitabaendit variety, and the lowest (5.61) was on the rosna variety. The highest average crown height (17.32 cm) and the lowest (6.61) were on the rosna variety.
.大米是印度尼西亚人的主要食物来源。由于人口增长和社会为改善营养状况所做的努力，满足人们需求的大米需求量逐年增加。干旱是影响大米生产的问题之一。干旱是一种环境条件，当植物得不到足够的水分以最佳状态生长发育时，就会导致水稻减产。为了了解水稻生长对干旱的反应，研究人员使用聚乙二醇（PEG）对多个水稻品种进行了干旱模拟处理。这项研究采用了完全随机设计，以因子方式安排了两个因素。第一个因素是水稻品种（Harum、Situbagendit、Rosna），第二个因素是 0% 和 20% 的 PEG 浓度。然后使用双向方差分析对所获得的数据进行统计分析，如果结果存在显著差异，则在 5%的水平上进行邓肯检验。结果表明，干旱模拟处理对水稻生长有负面影响。使用 20% PEG 进行干旱模拟处理会导致水稻的 Kadar air relatif（KAR）、根长、株高和根干重下降。敏感水稻品种（Rosna）的 KAR 降幅最大，为 43.42%。平均根长（7.99 厘米）最高的是 sitabaendit 品种，最低的是 Rosna 品种（5.61 厘米）。平均冠高最高（17.32 厘米），最低（6.61 厘米）的是 Rosna 品种。
{"title":"Rice Growth Response to Drought Simulation Treatment Using PEG","authors":"Annisa Khaira, Z. Zulyusri, A. Achyar, Dwi Hilda Putri, Yusni Atifah, V. Violita","doi":"10.24036/bsc.v7i2.122674","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24036/bsc.v7i2.122674","url":null,"abstract":". Rice is the main food source for Indonesians. The demand for rice to meet people's needs increases every year due to population growth and efforts to improve nutrition by the community. One of the problems that can affect rice production is drought. Drought is an environmental condition when plants do not get enough water to grow and develop optimally, which can cause a decrease in rice production. To find out how rice growth responds to drought, a study was carried out by giving drought simulation treatments using polyethylene glycol (PEG) on several rice varieties. This study used a completely randomized design that was arranged in a factorial manner with two factors. The first factor was the rice varieties (Harum, Situbagendit, Rosna) the second factor was 0% and 20% PEG concentration. The data obtained were then analyzed statistically using a two-way ANOVA test, and if the results were significantly different, then proceed with Duncan's test at the 5% level.The results showed that the drought simulation treatment had a negative effect on rice growth. Drought simulation treatment using 20% PEG resulted in a decrease in Kadar air relatif (KAR), root length, plant height, and root dry weight of rice. The highest decrease in KAR was found in the sensitive rice variety (Rosna), which was 43.42%. The highest average root length (7.99 cm) was on the sitabaendit variety, and the lowest (5.61) was on the rosna variety. The highest average crown height (17.32 cm) and the lowest (6.61) were on the rosna variety.","PeriodicalId":9003,"journal":{"name":"BioScience","volume":"82 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139308648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-31DOI: 10.24036/bsc.v7i2.122972
Nella Fauziah, A. Achyar, Z. Zulyusri, Yusni Atifah, L. Advinda, V. Violita
. Peroxidase (POD) is an antioxidant enzymatic that has various functions in the plant life cycle, one of which is as a defense against ROS by catalyzing the conversion of H 2 O 2 to water and O 2 . The ability of the POD enzyme activity to regulate the H 2 O 2 content allows the enzyme to defend plants from stress. One of the methods that can be used to amplify the POD gene is quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR). This method requires several important components, one of which is the primary (forward and reverse). The primer used in gene amplification must be specific for the target gene so that it can recognize and attach to the desired target gene. This study aims to design suitable primers for POD gene amplification using the qRT-PCR technique. Primers are designed using the PrimerQuest tool. The designed primers were then analyzed for their specificity with geneious prime. Then the primer specificity was checked using the BLAST primer. The results of the primary design with the best criteria for POD gene amplification
.过氧化物酶（POD）是一种抗氧化酶，在植物生命周期中有多种功能，其中之一是通过催化 H 2 O 2 向水和 O 2 的转化来抵御 ROS。POD 酶的活性能够调节 H 2 O 2 的含量，从而保护植物免受胁迫。定量反转录-PCR（qRT-PCR）是扩增 POD 基因的方法之一。这种方法需要几个重要的组成部分，其中之一就是引物（正向和反向）。用于基因扩增的引物必须对目标基因具有特异性，这样它才能识别并附着在所需的目标基因上。本研究旨在利用 qRT-PCR 技术为 POD 基因扩增设计合适的引物。引物是利用 PrimerQuest 工具设计的。然后用基因质粒分析所设计引物的特异性。然后使用 BLAST 引物检测引物的特异性。以 POD 基因扩增的最佳标准进行初选设计的结果
{"title":"Specific primer design and optimization of annealing temperature for amplification gene peroxidase (POD) in Oryza sativa L.","authors":"Nella Fauziah, A. Achyar, Z. Zulyusri, Yusni Atifah, L. Advinda, V. Violita","doi":"10.24036/bsc.v7i2.122972","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24036/bsc.v7i2.122972","url":null,"abstract":". Peroxidase (POD) is an antioxidant enzymatic that has various functions in the plant life cycle, one of which is as a defense against ROS by catalyzing the conversion of H 2 O 2 to water and O 2 . The ability of the POD enzyme activity to regulate the H 2 O 2 content allows the enzyme to defend plants from stress. One of the methods that can be used to amplify the POD gene is quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR). This method requires several important components, one of which is the primary (forward and reverse). The primer used in gene amplification must be specific for the target gene so that it can recognize and attach to the desired target gene. This study aims to design suitable primers for POD gene amplification using the qRT-PCR technique. Primers are designed using the PrimerQuest tool. The designed primers were then analyzed for their specificity with geneious prime. Then the primer specificity was checked using the BLAST primer. The results of the primary design with the best criteria for POD gene amplification","PeriodicalId":9003,"journal":{"name":"BioScience","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139309396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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