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Investigation of Factors Influencing Infant Mortality at Greater Accra Regional Hospital, Ghana 加纳大阿克拉地区医院婴儿死亡率影响因素调查
3区 生物学 Q1 Immunology and Microbiology Pub Date : 2024-04-08 DOI: 10.1155/2024/6610617
Gabriel Kallah-Dagadu, Foster Donkor, Magdalene Duah, Hillary Yeboah, Dennis Arku, Anani Lotsi
Background. Annually, 5.4 million children under five face mortality, with 2.5 million deaths in the first month, 1.6 million between one and eleven months, and 1.3 million aged one to four. Despite global strides, sub-Saharan Africa, including Ghana, grapples with persistent high child mortality. This study employs statistical methods to pinpoint factors driving under-five mortality in the Greater Accra Regional Hospital. Methods. The data was acquired from Greater Accra Regional Hospital, Ghana, spanning January to December 2020. The data comprised all under-five deaths recorded in the hospital in 2020. The statistical tools employed were the chi-square test of association and the multinomial logistic regression model. Results. In 2020, there were 238 cases of under-five mortality recorded in the hospital, with males constituting the majority (55%). About 85% of these cases occurred within the first month of birth, primarily attributed to respiratory distress, prematurity, and sepsis. Notably, meconium aspiration was the least common among grouped diagnoses. The test of association and multinomial logistic model emphasised the child’s age, birth type, and weight at birth as significant factors influencing child mortality. Conversely, attributes like sex, marital status, and mother’s age displayed no notable association with the diagnosis of death. Conclusion. The study on child mortality at the Greater Accra Regional Hospital unveils key factors shaping child health outcomes, emphasising the role of age, birth type, and weight. While specific demographics show no significant association, identified predictors are vital for targeted interventions. Proposed strategies encompass education programs, improved care, birthing practices, and data-driven policies.
背景。每年有 540 万五岁以下儿童面临死亡,其中 250 万死于第一个月,160 万死于一至十一个月,130 万死于一至四岁。尽管全球取得了长足进步,但包括加纳在内的撒哈拉以南非洲地区仍面临着儿童死亡率居高不下的问题。本研究采用统计方法来确定导致大阿克拉地区医院五岁以下儿童死亡的因素。研究方法数据来自加纳大阿克拉地区医院,时间跨度为 2020 年 1 月至 12 月。数据包括该医院 2020 年记录的所有五岁以下儿童死亡病例。采用的统计工具是相关性的卡方检验和多项式逻辑回归模型。研究结果2020 年,医院共记录了 238 例五岁以下儿童死亡病例,其中男性占大多数(55%)。其中约85%的病例发生在出生后的第一个月内,主要原因是呼吸窘迫、早产和败血症。值得注意的是,胎粪吸入在分组诊断中最不常见。关联检验和多项式逻辑模型强调,儿童的年龄、出生类型和出生时体重是影响儿童死亡率的重要因素。相反,性别、婚姻状况和母亲年龄等属性与死亡诊断没有明显关联。结论大阿克拉地区医院的儿童死亡率研究揭示了影响儿童健康结果的关键因素,强调了年龄、出生类型和体重的作用。虽然具体的人口统计学数据没有显示出明显的关联性,但已确定的预测因素对于采取有针对性的干预措施至关重要。建议采取的战略包括教育计划、改善护理、分娩实践和数据驱动政策。
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引用次数: 0
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Carriage among Neonate Mothers, Healthcare Workers, and Environmental Samples in Neonatal Intensive Care Units: A Systematic Review 新生儿重症监护病房中新生儿母亲、医护人员和环境样本中耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌的携带情况:系统回顾
3区 生物学 Q1 Immunology and Microbiology Pub Date : 2024-04-08 DOI: 10.1155/2024/5675786
Nene Kaah Keneh, Sebastien Kenmoe, Arnol Bowo-Ngandji, Jane-Francis Tatah Kihla Akoachere, Hortense Gonsu Kamga, Roland Ndip Ndip, Jean Thierry Ebogo-Belobo, Cyprien Kengne-Ndé, Donatien Serge Mbaga, Nicholas Tendongfor, Jean Paul Assam Assam, Lucy Mande Ndip, Seraphine Nkie Esemu
Background. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality among neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). The MRSA colonization of neonates, attributed to various sources, including mothers, healthcare workers, and environmental surfaces, can lead to severe infection, prolonged hospital stays, and even death, imposing substantial economic burdens. Given the pressing need to mitigate MRSA spread in these vulnerable environments, further examination of the subject is warranted. This systematic review is aimed at synthesizing available evidence on MRSA carriage proportions among mothers of newborns, healthcare workers, and environmental surfaces in NICUs. Methodology. We included observational studies published in English or French from database inception to March 21, 2023. These studies focused on MRSA in nonoutbreak NICU settings, encompassing healthy neonate mothers and healthcare workers, and environmental surfaces. Literature search involved systematic scanning of databases, including Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Global Health, and Global Index Medicus. The quality of the selected studies was assessed using the Hoy et al. critical appraisal scale. The extracted data were summarized to calculate the pooled proportion of MRSA positives, with a 95% confidence interval (CI) based on the DerSimonian and Laird random-effects model. Results. A total of 1891 articles were retrieved from which 16 studies were selected for inclusion. Most of the studies were from high-income countries. The pooled proportion of MRSA carriage among 821 neonate mothers across four countries was found to be 2.1% (95% CI: 0.3-5.1; %, 95% CI: 36.1-91.5). The proportion of MRSA carriage among 909 HCWs in eight countries was determined to be 9.5% (95% CI: 3.1-18.4;
背景。耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)是新生儿重症监护室(NICU)收治的新生儿发病和死亡的一个重要原因。新生儿的 MRSA 定植有多种来源,包括母亲、医护人员和环境表面,可导致严重感染、住院时间延长甚至死亡,造成巨大的经济负担。鉴于迫切需要减少 MRSA 在这些脆弱环境中的传播,因此有必要对这一主题进行进一步研究。本系统综述旨在综合新生儿重症监护室中新生儿母亲、医护人员和环境表面中 MRSA 携带比例的现有证据。研究方法。我们纳入了从数据库建立到 2023 年 3 月 21 日期间用英语或法语发表的观察性研究。这些研究主要针对非疫情 NICU 环境中的 MRSA,包括健康新生儿母亲、医护人员和环境表面。文献检索包括对 Medline、Embase、Web of Science、Global Health 和 Global Index Medicus 等数据库进行系统扫描。所选研究的质量采用 Hoy 等人的批判性评价量表进行评估。对提取的数据进行汇总,计算出 MRSA 阳性的汇总比例,并根据 DerSimonian 和 Laird 随机效应模型计算出 95% 的置信区间 (CI)。结果。共检索到 1891 篇文章,从中选出 16 项研究纳入。大多数研究来自高收入国家。在四个国家的 821 名新生儿母亲中,发现 MRSA 携带的总比例为 2.1%(95% CI:0.3-5.1;%,95% CI:36.1-91.5)。八个国家的 909 名医护人员携带 MRSA 的比例为 9.5%(95% CI:3.1-18.4;%,95% CI:87.1-94.6)。在西太平洋地区,HCW 中携带 MRSA 的比例最高,为 50.00%(95% CI:23.71-76.29)。在五个国家的环境样本中,发现 MRSA 阳性的总比例为 16.6%(95% CI:3.5-36.0;%,95% CI:96.6-98.4)。结论我们的系统性综述发现,新生儿母亲、医护人员以及新生儿重症监护室各种环境表面的 MRSA 携带率很高,存在明显的异质性,从而带来了潜在的院内感染风险。当务之急是采取干预措施,包括定期筛查和清除 MRSA 携带者、加强感染控制措施以及强化新生儿重症监护室内的清洁和消毒程序。该试验的注册号为 CRD42023407114。
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引用次数: 0
Prevalence of ABO and Rhesus (D) Blood Group and Allelic Frequency at Blood Bank of Nigist Eleni Mohammed Hospital, Ethiopia 埃塞俄比亚 Nigist Eleni Mohammed 医院血库中 ABO 和恒河猴 (D) 血型的流行率和等位基因频率
3区 生物学 Q1 Immunology and Microbiology Pub Date : 2024-04-08 DOI: 10.1155/2024/5353528
Fekadu Lendabo, Vijayalakshmi Srinivasan, Riyaz Ahmad Rather
Background. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to determine the pattern of the ABO and rhesus D (RhD) blood group distribution among voluntary blood donors attending five blood donation centers at Nigist Eleni Mohammed General Hospital in Hossana, Ethiopia. Methods. A total of 1,120 participants who fulfilled the “who can give blood” criteria of the World Health Organization were selected randomly. Blood samples were collected, transported to the laboratory, and analyzed for ABO and RhD typing. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square correlation analysis. Results. The study found that the O blood group was the most prevalent (39.0%), followed by A (32.2%), B (22.5%), and AB (6.4%). When considering both the ABO and Rh blood groups together, 92.9% of blood donors were RhD positive, while only 7.1% were RhD negative. The distribution pattern of the ABO blood groups in Gurage Zone, Hadiya Zone, Kembata Zone, and Silte Zone showed that the O blood group was the most prevalent, followed by A, B, and AB, in that order. Conversely, the ABO blood group distribution pattern in Halaba Zone was A > O > B > AB. Civil servants from different occupational statuses were the most dominant voluntary blood donors, accounting for 53.2%, followed by students from different high schools and universities (41.9%), self-employed individuals (4.1%), and others (0.7%). The ABO blood group system had observed allele frequencies significantly different from the expected frequencies (), while the RhD system did not (
背景。本横断面研究旨在确定埃塞俄比亚霍萨纳 Nigist Eleni Mohammed 综合医院五个献血中心的自愿献血者的 ABO 和恒河猴 D(RhD)血型分布模式。献血方法随机抽取符合世界卫生组织 "谁可以献血 "标准的 1120 名参与者。采集血样并运送到实验室,然后进行 ABO 和 RhD 分型分析。数据分析采用描述性统计和卡方相关分析。结果研究发现,O 型血最普遍(39.0%),其次是 A 型(32.2%)、B 型(22.5%)和 AB 型(6.4%)。如果同时考虑 ABO 和 Rh 血型,92.9% 的献血者为 RhD 阳性,只有 7.1%的献血者为 RhD 阴性。Gurage 区、Hadiya 区、Kembata 区和 Silte 区的 ABO 血型分布模式显示,O 型血最为普遍,其次依次为 A 型、B 型和 AB 型。相反,哈拉巴区的 ABO 血型分布模式为 A > O > B > AB。不同职业身份的公务员是最主要的自愿献血者,占 53.2%,其次是不同高中和大学的学生(41.9%)、个体经营者(4.1%)和其他人(0.7%)。ABO 血型系统的等位基因频率与预期频率有显著差异(),而 RhD 血型系统的等位基因频率与预期频率无显著差异()。ABO 血型系统中 A、B 和 O 的等位基因频率分别为 0.3531、0.2576 和 0.3893。RhD阳性和RhD阴性等位基因的观察频率分别为0.9647和0.0531。结论本研究强调了埃塞俄比亚 ABO 和 RhD 血型的地区性差异,注意到与预期 ABO 等位基因频率的差异,并确定了在 RhD 阳性率较高的献血者中 O 型血占主导地位。
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引用次数: 0
Time to Death and Its Predictors among Neonates Hospitalized with Sepsis in Eastern Ethiopia 埃塞俄比亚东部因败血症住院的新生儿死亡时间及其预测因素
3区 生物学 Q1 Immunology and Microbiology Pub Date : 2024-04-05 DOI: 10.1155/2024/2594271
Usmael Jibro, Assefa Desalew, Galana Mamo Ayana, Abera Kenay Tura
Background. Although neonatal sepsis is a major public health problem contributing to 30-50% of neonatal deaths in low- and middle-income countries, data on predictors of time to death are limited in Eastern Ethiopia. This study is aimed at determining predictors of time to death among neonates with sepsis admitted in public hospitals in Eastern Ethiopia. Methods. An institutional-based retrospective cohort study was conducted among 415 neonates admitted to referral hospitals in Eastern Ethiopia with sepsis from January 1, 2021, to December 31, 2021. Data were collected from medical records by using structured checklist and entered using EpiData 3.1 and analyzed using Stata 17. The Kaplan-Meier curves and log-rank tests were used to describe survival experience among different categories. The proportional hazard assumption and goodness of fit for the Cox regression model were checked. The Cox regression model was used to identify the significant predictors. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Finally, statistical significance was set at a value < 0.05 in the Cox regression analysis. Results. Of the 415 neonates with neonatal sepsis, 71 (17.1%) (95% CI: 13.60-21.08) died at discharge, with a median time to death of 14 days. The overall incidence rate of mortality was 36.5 per 1000 neonate days. Low birthweight (; 95% CI: 1.15-5.44), maternal
背景。虽然新生儿败血症是一个主要的公共卫生问题,在低收入和中等收入国家造成 30-50% 的新生儿死亡,但在埃塞俄比亚东部,有关死亡时间预测因素的数据却很有限。本研究旨在确定埃塞俄比亚东部公立医院收治的败血症新生儿死亡时间的预测因素。研究方法在 2021 年 1 月 1 日至 2021 年 12 月 31 日期间,对埃塞俄比亚东部转诊医院收治的 415 名患有败血症的新生儿进行了一项基于机构的回顾性队列研究。研究人员使用结构化核对表从病历中收集数据,并使用 EpiData 3.1 进行输入,然后使用 Stata 17 进行分析。采用卡普兰-梅耶曲线和对数秩检验来描述不同类别患者的生存情况。检查了比例危险假设和 Cox 回归模型的拟合度。Cox 回归模型用于确定重要的预测因素。计算出危险比(HRs)和 95% 置信区间(CI)。最后,Cox 回归分析的统计显著性设定为 <0.05。结果在415名患有新生儿败血症的新生儿中,有71人(17.1%)(95% CI:13.60-21.08)在出院时死亡,中位死亡时间为14天。总死亡率为每 1000 个新生儿日 36.5 例。低出生体重(95% CI:1.15-5.44)、孕产妇年龄(95% CI:1.11, 9.04)、低第五分钟阿普加评分(AHR:2.32;95% CI:1.30-4.14)和晚开始母乳喂养(95% CI:1.40-16.65)是预测败血症新生儿死亡率的独立因素。结论几乎五分之一的败血症新生儿在出院时死亡。低出生体重、孕产妇年龄、低第五分钟阿普加评分和较晚开始母乳喂养是预测死亡率的因素。
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引用次数: 0
Identification of Novel Molecular and Clinical Biomarkers of Survival in Glioblastoma Multiforme Patients: A Study Based on The Cancer Genome Atlas Data 鉴定多形性胶质母细胞瘤患者生存的新型分子和临床生物标志物:基于癌症基因组图谱数据的研究
3区 生物学 Q1 Immunology and Microbiology Pub Date : 2024-04-04 DOI: 10.1155/2024/5582424
Luísa Esteves, Francisco Caramelo, Domingos Roda, Isabel Marques Carreira, Joana Barbosa Melo, Ilda Patrícia Ribeiro
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most prevalent type of brain tumour; although advancements in treatment have been made, the median survival time for GBM patients has persisted at 15 months. This study is aimed at investigating the genetic alterations and clinical features of GBM patients to find predictors of survival. GBM patients’ methylation and gene expression data along with clinical information from TCGA were retrieved. The most overrepresented pathways were identified independently for each omics dataset. From the genes found in at least 30% of these pathways, one gene that was identified in both sets was further examined using the Kaplan-Meier method for survival analysis. Additionally, three groups of patients who started radio and chemotherapy at different times were identified, and the influence of these variations in treatment modality on patient survival was evaluated. Four pathways that seemed to negatively impact survival and two with the opposite effect were identified. The methylation status of PRKCB was highlighted as a potential novel biomarker for patient survival. The study also found that treatment with chemotherapy prior to radiotherapy can have a significant impact on patient survival, which could lead to improvements in clinical management and therapeutic approaches for GBM patients.
多形性胶质母细胞瘤(GBM)是发病率最高的脑肿瘤类型;虽然在治疗方面取得了进展,但GBM患者的中位生存期仍只有15个月。本研究旨在调查 GBM 患者的基因改变和临床特征,以找到生存期的预测因素。研究人员从 TCGA 中检索了 GBM 患者的甲基化和基因表达数据以及临床信息。每个全息数据集都能独立识别出代表性最高的通路。从在这些通路中发现的至少 30% 的基因中,使用 Kaplan-Meier 法对两组数据中都发现的一个基因进行进一步的生存分析。此外,还确定了三组在不同时间开始接受放疗和化疗的患者,并评估了这些治疗方式的变化对患者生存期的影响。结果发现,有四种途径似乎会对生存率产生负面影响,而两种途径的影响则恰恰相反。PRKCB的甲基化状态被强调为影响患者生存的潜在新型生物标志物。研究还发现,在放疗前进行化疗会对患者的存活率产生重大影响,这可能会改善 GBM 患者的临床管理和治疗方法。
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引用次数: 0
Bonding Effectiveness of Saliva-Contaminated Monolithic Zirconia Ceramics Using Different Decontamination Protocols 使用不同的去污方案处理受唾液污染的整体氧化锆陶瓷的粘接效果
3区 生物学 Q1 Immunology and Microbiology Pub Date : 2024-04-04 DOI: 10.1155/2024/6670159
Necla Demir, Ozge Genc, Ipek Balevi Akkese, Meral Arslan Malkoc, Mutlu Ozcan
Objective. This research study investigated the effect of new decontamination protocols on the bonding capacity of saliva-contaminated monolithic zirconia (MZ) ceramics cemented with two different monomer-containing self-adhesive resin cements. Materials and Methods. Standardized tooth preparations (4 mm. axial height) were performed for eighty human maxillary premolars under constant water cooling system. Eighty monolithic zirconia crowns (Whitepeaks Supreme Monolith) ( groups) were manufactured by CAD-CAM. Specimens were kept in the artificial saliva at for 1 minute at 37°C except control groups. The specimens have not been prealumina blasted and grouped according to cleaning methods and resin cements: control groups (C) (no saliva
研究目的本研究调查了新的去污方案对受唾液污染的整体氧化锆(MZ)陶瓷与两种不同的含单体自粘树脂水门汀粘结能力的影响。材料和方法。在恒定水冷却系统下对 80 颗人类上颌前臼齿进行了标准化牙体预备(轴向高度为 4 毫米)。通过 CAD-CAM 制造了 80 个整体氧化锆冠(Whitepeaks Supreme Monolith)(组)。除对照组外,试样均在 37°C 人工唾液中保存 1 分钟。试样未经预氧化铝喷砂处理,根据清洁方法和树脂粘结剂分组:对照组 (C)(无唾液 (N) (CN) 和含 10-MDP (M) 的树脂水泥 (CM),氧化铝喷砂 (ALN) 和含 10-MDP 的树脂水泥 (ALM),含氧化锆通用清洁剂 (IC) (N) (ICN) 和含 10-MDP 的树脂水泥 (ICM),浮石 (P) (PN) 和含 10-MDP 的树脂水泥 (PM),以及气水喷雾 (AW) (AWN) 和含 10-MDP 的树脂水泥 (AWM))。在胶结之前,在所有表面涂抹 Monobond Plus 40 秒。粘接后进行 5000 次热循环。以 1 毫米/分钟的速度对牙冠进行拉伸测试。记录失效模式。以不同的放大倍数进行扫描电镜检查。使用基于秩的 Kruskal-Wallis 和 Mann-Whitney 检验对数据进行分析。结果表面处理和两种树脂胶结物之间没有发现明显差异。通过双向方差分析发现,表面处理和树脂水门汀之间的交互作用效果显著。ICM 组的粘接强度明显优于 CN 组。与 PM 相比,ICM 组的粘接强度更好。通用清洁剂和含有 10-MDP 的树脂粘结剂组合的粘结强度值明显最高。去污方案的平均拉伸粘接强度值的递增顺序为:......;......;......。 含 10-MDP 的树脂粘接剂的平均拉伸粘接强度略高于含树脂粘接剂的树脂粘接剂。结论通用清洁剂作为一种有效的清洁方法,在含 10-MDP 树脂水门汀被唾液污染后可以更好地提高整体氧化锆陶瓷 4 毫米冠预备高度的粘结强度。
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引用次数: 0
Monitoring and Promoting Physical Activity and Physical Fitness in All Age Groups. 监测和促进所有年龄组的体育活动和身体健康。
IF 2.6 3区 生物学 Q3 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-04-03 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2024/9835396
Bojan Masanovic, Stevo Popovic, Juel Jarani
{"title":"Monitoring and Promoting Physical Activity and Physical Fitness in All Age Groups.","authors":"Bojan Masanovic, Stevo Popovic, Juel Jarani","doi":"10.1155/2024/9835396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/9835396","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9007,"journal":{"name":"BioMed Research International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11459654/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142387715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
In Silico Approach Triterpene Glycoside of H. atra Targeting Orotidine 5-Monophosphate Decarboxylase Protein (PfOMPDC) in P. falciparum Infection Mechanism 针对恶性疟原虫感染机制中的 5-甲基磷酸脱羧酶蛋白 (PfOMPDC) 的 H. atra 三萜苷的硅学方法
3区 生物学 Q1 Immunology and Microbiology Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1155/2024/5924799
Prawesty Diah Utami, Herin Setianingsih, Dewi Ratih Tirto Sari
This study accessed the potential antimalarial activity of triterpene glycoside of H. atra through targeting orotidine 5-monophosphate decarboxylase protein (PfOMPDC) in P. falciparum by molecular docking. Nine triterpene glycosides from H. atra extract modeled the structure by the Corina web server and interacted with PfOMPDC protein by using Hex 8.0.0. The docking results were visualized and analyzed by Discovery Studio version 21.1.1. 17-Hydroxyfuscocineroside B showed the lowest binding energy in PfOMPDC interaction, which was -1,098.13 kJ/mol. Holothurin A3, echinoside A, and fuscocineroside C showed low binding energy. Nine triterpene glycosides of H. atra performed interaction with PfOMPDC protein at the same region. Holothurin A1 posed interaction with PfOMPDC protein by 8 hydrogen bonds, 3 hydrophobic interactions, and 8 unfavorable bonds. Several residues were detected in the same active sites of other triterpene glycosides. Residue TYR111 was identified in all triterpene glycoside complexes, except holothurin A3 and calcigeroside B. In summary, the triterpene glycoside of H. atra is potentially a drug candidate for malaria therapeutic agents. In vitro and in vivo studies were required for further investigation.
本研究通过分子对接研究了H. atra三萜苷通过靶向恶性疟原虫体内的5-单磷酸脱羧酶蛋白(PfOMPDC)的潜在抗疟活性。利用Corina网络服务器对阿特拉提取物中的9种三萜苷进行结构建模,并利用Hex 8.0.0与PfOMPDC蛋白进行相互作用,利用Discovery Studio 21.1.1版对对接结果进行可视化分析。17-Hydroxyfuscocineroside B与PfOMPDC蛋白的结合能最低,为-1,098.13 kJ/mol。Holothurin A3、echinoside A 和 fuscocineroside C 的结合能较低。H. atra 的 9 种三萜苷与 PfOMPDC 蛋白在同一区域发生了相互作用。Holothurin A1 通过 8 个氢键、3 个疏水作用和 8 个不利键与 PfOMPDC 蛋白相互作用。在其他三萜苷类的相同活性位点检测到了几个残基。总之,H. atra 的三萜苷可能是疟疾治疗剂的候选药物。进一步的研究还需要进行体外和体内研究。
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引用次数: 0
Understanding Challenges Women Face in Flood-Affected Areas to Access Sexual and Reproductive Health Services: A Rapid Assessment from a Disaster-Torn Pakistan 了解受洪水影响地区的妇女在获得性健康和生殖健康服务方面面临的挑战:巴基斯坦灾区的快速评估
3区 生物学 Q1 Immunology and Microbiology Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1155/2024/1113634
Mariam Ashraf, Sara Shahzad, Pamela Sequeria, Anam Bashir, Syed Khurram Azmat
Introduction. According to the Global Climate Risk Index, Pakistan is ranked as the fifth-most vulnerable country to climate change. Most recently, during June-August 2022, heavy torrential rains coupled with riverine, urban, and flash flooding led to an unprecedented disaster in Pakistan. Around thirty-three million people were affected by the floods. More than 2 million houses were damaged, leaving approximately 8 million displaced and approximately 600,000 people in relief camps. Among those, 8.2 million women and 16 million children are the worst affected, with many requiring urgent medical and reproductive healthcare. To plan an efficient healthcare program and a climate-resilient health system, it is crucial to understand the issues that the affected people face during floods. Methodology. This rapid assessment included the population in the most severely affected districts across the four provinces of Pakistan. A mixed methods approach using qualitative and quantitative techniques was utilized. A total of 52 qualitative, in-depth interviews were conducted with community-level healthcare providers, national and provincial government departments, and development partners involved in relief activities. Using a structured questionnaire, the quantitative cross-sectional survey was conducted with a final sample of 422 women, married and unmarried (15-49 years old), residing in the relief camps in the flood-affected areas. The outcome variable of the survey was the access to sexual and reproductive health services faced by the women in the flood-affected districts. Data collection took place four months postfloods during Nov-Dec 2022, while the data analysis was conducted between Dec 2022 and Jan 2023. The quantitative data was analyzed using SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) version 20, and qualitative data was analyzed using NVivo 12. Ethical consent was sought from all the participants. Ethical approval was also sought from the ethics committee of the Health Services Academy, Government of Pakistan. Results. The findings indicated that, overall, all the provinces were unprepared for a calamity of such a large magnitude. Access to services and health data reporting from the flood-affected areas was challenging mainly due to a shortage of trained health workforce because of the displacement of a large volume of the health workforce. Overall, equipment, medicines, supplies, and food were scarce. Women residing in the camps were markedly affected, and 84% (375) were not satisfied with the flood relief services provided to them. The floods impacted their monthly income as 30% (132) of respondents started depending on charity postfloods. Almost 77% (344) reported limited access to sexual and reproductive health services and had yet to receive sanitary, hygiene, and delivery kits, while 69% (107 out of 154) of girls stopped schooling postfloods. Almost 77% (112) of the married women reported having a child less t
导言。根据全球气候风险指数,巴基斯坦在最易受气候变化影响的国家中排名第五。最近,在 2022 年 6 月至 8 月期间,暴雨加上河流、城市和山洪暴发导致巴基斯坦遭受了前所未有的灾难。约 3 300 万人受到洪灾影响。200 多万所房屋受损,约 800 万人流离失所,约 600 000 人住进救济营。其中,820 万妇女和 1600 万儿童受灾最为严重,许多人需要紧急医疗和生殖保健服务。为了规划一个高效的医疗保健计划和一个适应气候的医疗保健系统,了解灾民在洪灾中面临的问题至关重要。方法。此次快速评估的对象包括巴基斯坦四个省受灾最严重地区的居民。评估采用了定性和定量相结合的方法。共对 52 名社区医疗保健提供者、国家和省级政府部门以及参与救灾活动的发展合作伙伴进行了深入的定性访谈。采用结构化问卷,对居住在洪水灾区救灾营地的 422 名已婚和未婚(15-49 岁)妇女进行了横断面定量调查。调查的结果变量是洪水灾区妇女获得性健康和生殖健康服务的情况。数据收集工作于洪灾后四个月(2022 年 11 月至 12 月)进行,数据分析工作于 2022 年 12 月至 2023 年 1 月进行。定量数据使用 SPSS(社会科学统计软件包)20 版进行分析,定性数据使用 NVivo 12 进行分析。已征得所有参与者的伦理同意。此外,还获得了巴基斯坦政府卫生服务学院伦理委员会的伦理批准。结果研究结果表明,总体而言,所有省份都没有为如此大规模的灾难做好准备。洪水灾区的服务获取和卫生数据报告面临挑战,主要原因是大量卫生工作者流离失所,导致训练有素的卫生工作者短缺。总体而言,设备、药品、供应品和食品都十分匮乏。居住在难民营中的妇女受到了明显的影响,84%(375 人)的妇女对提供给她们的抗洪救灾服务不满意。洪灾影响了她们的月收入,30%(132 人)的受访者在洪灾后开始依赖慈善。近 77%的受访者(344 人)表示,他们获得性健康和生殖健康服务的机会有限,而且尚未收到卫生用品、个人卫生包和接生包,而 69%的女孩(154 人中有 107 人)在洪灾后停止了学业。近 77% 的已婚妇女(112 人)称她们的孩子不到一岁。然而,只有 30%(144 名已婚妇女中的 44 人)使用任何形式的计划生育方法--医疗设施的损坏影响了孕产妇护理服务的整体获得。结论研究结果表明,洪水灾区的性健康和生殖健康服务缺乏规划。发现了一些障碍。政府和发展合作伙伴需要做好准备,以满足洪灾期间妇女的需求。调查结果表明,政府、民间社会和发展伙伴需要通力合作,共同应对灾害管理中面临的挑战,并加强灾害管理能力。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of Surface Treatment with Alkaline Agents at Two Different Temperatures on Microshear Bond Strength of Zirconia to Composite Resin 在两种不同温度下用碱性制剂进行表面处理对氧化锆与复合树脂微剪切粘接强度的影响
3区 生物学 Q1 Immunology and Microbiology Pub Date : 2024-03-28 DOI: 10.1155/2024/7720286
Faeze Jamali Zavare, Seyed Reza Khosravani, Moein Sabzivand, Narges Panahandeh
Background. Zirconia, with its excellent mechanical properties, has become a popular choice for esthetic and durable restorations due to the increasing demand of patients. It has overcome most of the limitations of all ceramic restorations. However, bonding to zirconia remains a challenge. Objectives. This study is aimed at assessing the effect of surface treatment with alkaline agents at two different temperatures on microshear bond strength (μSBS) of zirconia to composite resin. Materials and Methods. This in vitro, experimental study was conducted on zirconia blocks measuring  mm. The blocks were sandblasted with alumina powder and randomly assigned to 5 groups ( each). The blocks in groups 1 and 2 underwent surface treatment with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and groups 3 and 4 with zirconium hydroxide (Zr(OH)4) at room temperature and 70°C. Group 5 served as the control group and did not receive any surface treatment. After the application of bonding agent and its light-curing, composite cylinders in plastic tubes were bonded to the surface of each block and cured. After incubation, they underwent μSBS test. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test (
背景。氧化锆具有卓越的机械性能,由于患者的需求不断增加,它已成为美观耐用的修复体的热门选择。它克服了所有陶瓷修复体的大部分局限性。然而,与氧化锆的粘接仍然是一项挑战。研究目的本研究旨在评估在两种不同温度下使用碱性制剂进行表面处理对氧化锆与复合树脂的微剪切粘接强度(μSBS)的影响。材料和方法。这项体外实验研究是在尺寸为毫米的氧化锆块上进行的。氧化锆块经过氧化铝粉喷砂处理后随机分为 5 组(每组 5 个)。第 1 组和第 2 组的锆块在室温和 70°C 下分别用氢氧化钠(NaOH)和氢氧化锆(Zr(OH)4)进行表面处理,第 3 组和第 4 组的锆块在室温和 70°C 下分别用氢氧化锆(Zr(OH)4)进行表面处理。第 5 组为对照组,未进行任何表面处理。粘接剂涂抹和光固化后,塑料管中的复合材料圆柱体被粘接到每个块的表面并固化。培养后,进行μSBS 测试。数据分析采用单因素方差分析和 Tukey 检验()。结果所有干预组的μSBS都明显高于对照组()。Zr(OH)4 组的μSBS 明显高于 NaOH 组()。加热组的平均 μSBS 略高于相应的室温组,但不明显()。结论用 NaOH 和 Zr(OH)4 碱性制剂对氧化锆进行表面处理可提高其对复合树脂的 μSBS 值;Zr(OH)4 在这方面的效果明显优于 NAOH,但加热对 μSBS 值的影响不明显。
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