Diversity and equality in health and care最新文献

{"title":"Effectiveness of a Tailored Colorectal Cancer Educational Seminar in Enhancing the Awareness, Knowledge, and Behavior of Korean Americans Living in the Los Angeles Koreatown Area.","authors":"Sungjin Kim, Austin Yeon, Eunho Cho, Muhammad Shahid, Jayoung Kim","doi":"10.21767/2049-5471.1000185","DOIUrl":"10.21767/2049-5471.1000185","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Improving rates of colorectal cancer (CRC) screening can reduce CRC-related mortality, which is estimated to cause about 50,630 deaths in the U.S. by the end of 2018. There is a noted increasing prevalence of CRC among Korean Americans. Although CRC screening has been widely implemented, Korean Americans over the age of 50 have the lowest rates of proper CRC screening, compared to those of other Asian ethnicities. Barriers, such as language and culture, may be making participation in screening procedures difficult for those with immigrant backgrounds. Thus, this study aimed to determine whether proper CRC education can enhance awareness, knowledge, and behavior in screening among Korean Americans living in the Los Angeles Koreatown area.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>This study was conducted among 100 self-identified Korean Americans between the ages of 45-75, who voluntarily participated in this study through local community outreach from January to June 2018. Educational brochures were provided for those in the control group, while those in the intervention group attended an additional short educational seminar. All participants were asked to complete a questionnaire after, and data were collected on site.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found that intervention had a significant effect on awareness regarding colorectal polyps (OR (odds ratio): 22.47; 95% CI: 6.42-78.62; p-value <0.001) and fecal occult blood tests (FOBTs)/stool blood test (OR, 245.37; 95% CI: 34.55-1742.75; p-value <0.001). Willingness for CRC screening in following 6 months significantly increased (OR: 87.17; 95% CI: 19.01-399.63; p-value <0.001). Knowledge on options for CRC screening (OR: 126.63; 95% CI: 23.61-679.07; p-value <0.001) and stool blood tests (OR: 157.17; 95% CI: 18.02-1370.41; p-value <0.001) were significantly enhanced. In additional univariate analysis, we found that Korean Americans with higher level of education, birthplace in US or better general health showed better CRC awareness or knowledge.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There is a significant gap in our knowledge and understanding of the contributing factors that may be leading to low CRC screening rates in Korean Americans. This study suggests that well-tailored educational seminars can overcome certain barriers to screening and improve CRC knowledge and awareness, which is critical to achieving greater screening compliance. Our findings provide important references for designing effective strategies to increasing CRC screening rates among Korean Americans.</p>","PeriodicalId":90151,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and equality in health and care","volume":"16 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6476627/pdf/nihms-1020140.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37184088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Dams to Tides: Eliminating Health Disparities through Interprofessional Education","authors":"Elizabeth Ching, A. Amidi-Nouri","doi":"10.36648/2049-5471.16.3.192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36648/2049-5471.16.3.192","url":null,"abstract":"Background: This article introduces an innovative model for interprofessional learning to reduce health disparities. The Interprofessional Reducing Health Disparities Series aimed to have health science students critically reflect on implicit bias, social determinants of health, and the root causes of health disparities in order to affect change at the individual, team, and population level. Methods: Teams of interprofessional health science students built trust and rapport with each other during three sessions in the academic year by participating in interactive learning scenarios about the causation of health disparities. The culminating experience was a mock city council meeting where teams submitted their proposals to gain limited funds for health initiatives. Results: The interprofessional teams utilized their disciplinespecific expertise collectively to problem solve systemic health issues affecting communities of color in local neighborhoods. Discussion: In this paper, we offer the Interprofessional Health Disparities Series as a template, and we share our insight which we gained from piloting this educational endeavor.","PeriodicalId":90151,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and equality in health and care","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83498767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"10.36648/2049-5471.16.3.191","authors":"Aabid Ahmed, V. Margaritis, A. Mendelsohn, H. Kariuki","doi":"10.36648/2049-5471.16.3.191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36648/2049-5471.16.3.191","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":90151,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and equality in health and care","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80098279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adherence of Older Breast Cancer Patients to Cancer Therapy Recommendations","authors":"F. Gieseler, Valerie S Schäfer, A. Rody, Alex, E. Katalinic, N. Maass, I. Strohscheer, Martina Jürgensen","doi":"10.21767/2049-5471.1000187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2049-5471.1000187","url":null,"abstract":"Searches of cancer databases have shown that the rate of noncompliance among elderly cancer patients is significantly higher than among younger patients. Using the concepts of Theoretical Sampling and Grounded Theory, we tried to identify the reasons why older breast cancer patients (>69 y) declined or accepted treatment recommendations of their gynecologist / oncologist. We found meaningfulness of therapy in the context of the individual living situation to be the core decision category. Patients did not question the professional authority of their doctors but made their decisions based on individual factors in their personal living situation (axial coding categories), with advanced age playing an important role. The consideration of this knowledge is important for the success of the medical therapy conversations. Although a study with a selected patient cohort, this study is a good example for the use of Theoretical Sampling and Grounded Theory in qualitative health research.","PeriodicalId":90151,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and equality in health and care","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84529943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Association between Depression and Diabetes and Associated Risk Factors by Racial/Ethnic Status among Adults in Arizona: Arizona Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2014-2017","authors":"S. Michelle, oval-Rosario, Omar A. Contreras, Carla I. Mercado, K. Barbour, T. Cunningham, Cecilia Rosales","doi":"10.36648/2049-5471.16.2.189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36648/2049-5471.16.2.189","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The purpose of our study was to examine the association between depression with diabetes, current smokers, and overweight or obesity among adults in four racial/ethnic groups: non-Hispanic whites (NHWs), non-Hispanic African Americans/blacks (NHAA/blacks), Hispanics, and American Indians/Alaskan Natives (AI/ANs), in Arizona. Methods: Data from the 2014-2017 Arizona Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System was used to examine the association between self-reported provider-diagnosed depression and self-reported provider-diagnosed diabetes and associated risk factors for each racial/ethnic group (n=31,671). The analysis was extended to test whether current smoking status or overweight or having obesity status modified the association between depression and diabetes among all Arizona adults. Weighted adjusted prevalence ratios (APRs) accounting for potential confounders were estimated using Cox’s proportional hazards regression analysis. Results: For all Arizona adults after adjusting for potential confounders, the prevalence of diabetes (APR =1.60: 95% confidence interval=1.43-1.72), current smoking status (APR=1.04: 1.02-1.07), and overweight or obesity status (APR=1.07:1.03-1.11) was greater among adults with depression versus without depression. For NHWs (APR=1.63:1.47-1.80), Hispanics (APR=1.71:1.39-2.12), and AI/ANs (APR=1.44:1.11-2.05) the prevalence of diabetes was greater among adults with depression versus without depression. In addition, the association between depression and diabetes was greater for current smokers and those overweight or with obesity than their counterparts in all Arizona adults (p<0.05 for both). Conclusion: Depression was associated with diabetes among all Arizona adults and NHWs, Hispanics, and AI/ANs. Current smoking status and overweight/obese status modified the association between depression and diabetes for all Arizona adults.","PeriodicalId":90151,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and equality in health and care","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84546365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Access to healthcare for victims of human trafficking: a focus group with third sector agencies","authors":"Emily Brace, Julia Sanders, Hanna Oommen","doi":"10.21767/2049-5471.1000159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2049-5471.1000159","url":null,"abstract":"Human Trafficking is becoming increasingly recognised as a global public health epidemic with an estimated 45.8 million individuals affected by some type of exploitation. The effects of trauma and exploitation have profound health implications and often leave victims isolated from society. Victims of Human Trafficking are commonly associated with vulnerability, comorbidities, poor access to, and engagement with, healthcare services. Given this situation, an exploration of trafficking and access to healthcare was indicated. A focus group explored the experiences of six third sector workers in supporting victims of Human Trafficking. Thematic analysis was used and four overarching themes emanated: a call for improved access to treatment for victims affected by mental illness; improved knowledge and training of health professionals in identifying victims; the challenges for victims navigating two complex systems (National Referral Mechanism/Asylum Process) and victim’s self-identification. The findings highlighted the associated complexities that victims commonly face when accessing healthcare and emphasised the fundamental need for ensuring that equitable services are available. To enable safeguarding and individualised care to become embedded, a shift in culture and a move away from judging healthcare need on immigration status was recognised as a key requirement. Improved access to psychological therapy for victims was also suggested, alongside better education for all health professionals and frontline staff. To improve healthcare for victims of Human Trafficking in the ways recommended would require Government and National Health Service (NHS) support including increased financial and staff resources.","PeriodicalId":90151,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and equality in health and care","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.21767/2049-5471.1000159","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42447922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patient Satisfaction with Services Provided at Night and the Assessment of the Quality of Care in the Hospital","authors":"A. Fąfara, M. Marć, K. Fudali, MaÅgorzata Gajdek, P. Januszewicz","doi":"10.21767/2049-5471.100169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2049-5471.100169","url":null,"abstract":"Night nursing care has different priorities from the care in the morning and afternoon hours. The patient as the subject of nursing activities may assess the quality of this care in a more or less objective way, thus giving the opportunity to improve or improve these services. The study was conducted to assess the quality of care and general nursing care. The studied population constituted 585 patients hospitalized in the Clinical Hospitals of the city of Rzeszow. The research was carried out from 1 January 2016 to 31 May 2016. In the patients opinion survey, the method of the diagnostic survey was used, using two standardized NSNS questionnaires, the PASAT HOSPIT1 package and the original questionnaire. The assessment of services provided by nurses at night that was made with the use of the Newcastle scale was high (experience - 63.7 points, satisfaction - 60.3 points), and the assessment based on the Author's Questionnaire. The correlation between the assessment of night-time care and the overall assessment of nursing care indicates statistically significant (R=0.51 and R=0.47) and significantly influenced assessment of the overall nursing care. The quality of the night tasks resulting from the therapeutic function and caring were considerably related to the overall assessment of the nursing care. The relationship between the assessment according to the PASAT HOSPIT 1 questionnaire and the assessment of nursing care on the basis of the Newcastle scale is most correlated with the nurse's availability (satisfaction -p=0.0000***), the speed of response to the call (satisfaction -p=0.0000***) and the satisfaction from nursing care.","PeriodicalId":90151,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and equality in health and care","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.21767/2049-5471.100169","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68047070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Birth Preparedness and Complication ReadinessPlan among Antenatal Care Attendants in KofaleDistrict, South East Ethiopia: A Cross SectionalSurvey","authors":"Adugna Tafa, Dejene Hailu, J. Ebrahim, Melesse Gebrie, Negash Wakgari","doi":"10.21767/2049-5471.1000152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2049-5471.1000152","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Birth preparedness and complication readiness plan is a major strategic tool designed to reduce maternal deaths. Despite its importance on maternal mortality reduction, its practice is less studied in Ethiopia. Hence, this study assessed birth preparedness and complication readiness practices and associated factors among antenatal care attendees in Kofale district, south east Ethiopia. Method: Cross-sectional study was conducted among 555 antenatal care clients. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select respondents. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. Logistic regression analyses were used to assess the relationship between dependent and independent variables. Results: In this study, 41.3% of the women were wellprepared for birth and its complications. Over two third (69.0%) women identified place of delivery ahead of their current pregnancy and while 20.5% of them identified skilled birth attendants. Maternal education (2.02 (95% CI: 1.33- 3.06)), age group from 21-25 (2.68 (95% CI: 1.23-5.85)) and being aware of danger signs (2.01 (95% CI: 1.40-2.88)) were independent predictors of birth preparedness and complication readiness practices. Conclusion: Less than half of the interviewed mothers were prepared for birth and related complications. Maternal education, age and awareness of danger signs were among the major predictors identified to have impact on birth preparedness and complication readiness. Further studies on why women prepared less, especially to address whether the gaps are from health care providers, women or any other factors is required","PeriodicalId":90151,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and equality in health and care","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.21767/2049-5471.1000152","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68028132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"If You Dont Put it in Your Mind, then it Dont Matter: A Phenomenological Study of Coping Self-Efficacy in African American Women Diagnosed with Lupus","authors":"Singleton Tyler, Wooten Nikki, Faith Trevor, W. Edith","doi":"10.21767/2049-5471.1000167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2049-5471.1000167","url":null,"abstract":"Lupus is a chronic debilitating rheumatic autoimmune disease that disproportionately affects African American women. A phenomenological approach was used to conduct confidential semi-structured qualitative interviews to explore “lived experiences” of coping and self-efficacy among 10 African American women diagnosed with lupus. Six major themes identified included self-awareness, religion and spirituality, a sense of connectedness, stigma, empowerment, and peer perceptions. These themes highlighted human agency and coping self-efficacy exhibited by African American women that facilitate chronic disease management and self-care. Perceptions of coping self-efficacy varied and the women’s “use of self” was instrumental to their individualized way of coping with their lupus diagnosis. Study findings increase cultural awareness, understanding, and potentially empathy from providers, employers/colleagues, and family members about African American women’s experiences of living with lupus.","PeriodicalId":90151,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and equality in health and care","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.21767/2049-5471.1000167","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68029297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Indigenous Peoples Heath in the United States of America: Review of Lifestyle Issues and the Implementation of Community-Based Participatory Research","authors":"Mir, A. Jones, S. Panahi, A. Kamimura","doi":"10.21767/2049-5471.1000157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2049-5471.1000157","url":null,"abstract":"The American Indian/ Alaskan Native (AI/AN) population is considered as an “invisible minority” as their health concerns are not addressed equitably compared to other racial/ ethnic minority populations. AI/AN individuals face high rates of nutritional challenges and chronic health conditions including diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this paper is to review concerns about AI/AN health disparities and to propose strategies to reduce disparities. This is achieved by reviewing the evidence for health disparities experienced by AI/AN populations. The U.S. government has been working to improve health disparities for AI/AN individuals, through a number of federally run programs. We propose that one important strategy to reduce health disparities is use a community-based participatory research approach (CBPR). Because of the local input, CBPR is a powerful tool for addressing health disparities experienced by AI/AN populations. We further propose that CPBR should be focused on tribal consultation in policymaking, an increase in AI/AN stakeholders, and health disparities in lifestyle issues for AI/ AN people living in urban areas, in addition to reservations.","PeriodicalId":90151,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and equality in health and care","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.21767/2049-5471.1000157","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68029421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}