Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.21767/2049-5471.100056
Emina Hadziabdic
This study aimed to explore how professional interpreters experience their role in a healthcare encounter. An explorative study with semi-structured individual interviews and written descriptions was conducted with a purposeful sample of nine professional interpreters who represented the migrant population in Sweden. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyse data. The findings showed that the professional interpreters viewed their role as to transfer information accurately, to keep confidentiality, to remain impartial and to perform the duties related to their work assignments. However, the study also found a number of factors and challenges that influenced this role. These were: 1) the form of interpretation, 2) the interpretation environment, 3) the employment conditions and personal characteristics of the interpreters, and 4) the behaviour of the patient and healthcare staff during the interpretation session. The study found that professional interpreters experienced their role as aligning with the existing guidelines regarding an interpreter’s role and ethical attitude. Healthcare service providers, policymakers and interpreter agencies should focus on improving training and support and development opportunities in order to increase the impact of interpretation on equality and quality of healthcare.
{"title":"Perspectives of professional interpreters regarding their role and attitude in the healthcare encounter","authors":"Emina Hadziabdic","doi":"10.21767/2049-5471.100056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2049-5471.100056","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to explore how professional interpreters experience their role in a healthcare encounter. An explorative study with semi-structured individual interviews and written descriptions was conducted with a purposeful sample of nine professional interpreters who represented the migrant population in Sweden. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyse data. The findings showed that the professional interpreters viewed their role as to transfer information accurately, to keep confidentiality, to remain impartial and to perform the duties related to their work assignments. However, the study also found a number of factors and challenges that influenced this role. These were: 1) the form of interpretation, 2) the interpretation environment, 3) the employment conditions and personal characteristics of the interpreters, and 4) the behaviour of the patient and healthcare staff during the interpretation session. The study found that professional interpreters experienced their role as aligning with the existing guidelines regarding an interpreter’s role and ethical attitude. Healthcare service providers, policymakers and interpreter agencies should focus on improving training and support and development opportunities in order to increase the impact of interpretation on equality and quality of healthcare.","PeriodicalId":90151,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and equality in health and care","volume":"7 1","pages":"221-229"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.21767/2049-5471.100056","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68038310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.21767/2049-5471.1000e18
Dr.Firdous Jahan
General practice is the first point of medical contact for patients with the health issues and is a key component of primary care. Primary care provides continuing and comprehensive health care for the individual and not only treats the patient when they are ill, but works with the patient when they are healthy to establish strong health maintenance skills by practicing disease prevention and health education. Geriatric population is a rapidly growing worldwide; this rise of the aging population has had an impact on the practice of medicine (Jamison DT, Sandbu ME, 2001). Clinical practice in primary care focuses on the unique needs of the geriatric population which is different from other patient population. The aged body is different physiologically from the younger adult body, older patients tend to develop a more severe disease state and have co-morbidities leading to longer lengths of stay in the hospital (Zafar SN, Ganatra HA, Tehseen S, Qidwai W, 2006). The chronic non communicable disease and risk for falling increases in the older population, resulting in an increase in serious outcomes and associated health care costs (Graham Ellis, Martin A Whitehead, 2011).
全科医生是有健康问题的病人的第一个医疗接触点，是初级保健的关键组成部分。初级保健为个人提供持续和全面的保健，不仅在病人生病时进行治疗，而且在病人健康时与他们一起工作，通过实施疾病预防和健康教育，建立强大的健康维护技能。老年人口在世界范围内迅速增长;人口老龄化的增加对医学实践产生了影响(Jamison DT, Sandbu ME, 2001)。初级保健的临床实践侧重于老年人群的独特需求，这与其他患者群体不同。老年人的身体在生理上不同于年轻人的身体，老年患者往往会发展成更严重的疾病状态，并有合并症，导致住院时间更长(Zafar SN, Ganatra HA, Tehseen S, Qidwai W, 2006)。老年人口中慢性非传染性疾病和下降风险增加，导致严重后果和相关医疗费用增加(Graham Ellis, Martin A Whitehead, 2011年)。
{"title":"The Role of Primary Care Physician in Geriatric Care","authors":"Dr.Firdous Jahan","doi":"10.21767/2049-5471.1000e18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2049-5471.1000e18","url":null,"abstract":"General practice is the first point of medical contact for patients with the health issues and is a key component of primary care. Primary care provides continuing and comprehensive health care for the individual and not only treats the patient when they are ill, but works with the patient when they are healthy to establish strong health maintenance skills by practicing disease prevention and health education. Geriatric population is a rapidly growing worldwide; this rise of the aging population has had an impact on the practice of medicine (Jamison DT, Sandbu ME, 2001). Clinical practice in primary care focuses on the unique needs of the geriatric population which is different from other patient population. The aged body is different physiologically from the younger adult body, older patients tend to develop a more severe disease state and have co-morbidities leading to longer lengths of stay in the hospital (Zafar SN, Ganatra HA, Tehseen S, Qidwai W, 2006). The chronic non communicable disease and risk for falling increases in the older population, resulting in an increase in serious outcomes and associated health care costs (Graham Ellis, Martin A Whitehead, 2011).","PeriodicalId":90151,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and equality in health and care","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.21767/2049-5471.1000e18","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68044680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.21767/2049-5471.1000155
B. Afolabi, E. Ezedinachi, I. Arikpo, B. Okon, Prof.Martin Meremikwu, Sidney K. Oparah, D. Ganiyu
Background: The health and well-being of women have not been studied extensively and had not been the major focus of policy fabricators and decision makers in Nigeria. It is imperative to explore the factors influencing health and the well-being of women in child-bearing age (WCBA). Methods: This study was cross-sectional and descriptive in nature. It used semi-structured questionnaires in 9 domains of age-group, marital status, parity, educational status, religion, occupation, income of respondent, income of husband and pregnancy state, to collect data on perceived health and wellbeing from 829 WCBA living on the Atlantic Ocean coastline in Lagos, Southwest Nigeria. Results: Majority of the surveyed women were aged 25- 34 years (406, 49.0%), ever married (660, 79.6%), have had 1-2 children (347, 41.9%), had attained secondary level of education (548, 66.0%) and were traders (472, 57.6%). In all, 252(30.4%) had no monthly income and only 15(1.2%) had the highest monthly income of over US$166.8. In comparison, 331(39.9%) and 67(7.6%) of respondents’ husbands had no income or had income of over US$166.8 respectively. Only 19(2.3%) perceived their well-being to be very poor while 70(8.4%) and 165(19.9%) respectively perceived it to be neither poor nor good or to be good. In all, 50(6.5%) respondents were very dissatisfied with their health compared to 254(30.6%) who were very satisfied with their health. Of those with no income, 31.6% and 48.0% respectively perceived their well-being to be very poor and their health status to be very unsatisfactory. In this group also 24.2% and 27.6% respectively perceived their well-being to be very good and their health status to be very satisfactory. Of those with income ≥US$166.8, 5.3% and 2.8% respectively perceived their well-being to be very good and health status to be very satisfactory. Significant relationships were observed between level of satisfaction with one’s health, age, woman’s income as well as pregnancy state. Discussion: The findings indicate that the experiences of well-being and health status of women in child-bearing age, living on the Atlantic Ocean coastline varied by age, marital status and educational status. A more robust study is needed to appropriately measure these variances among women, accommodate them in policies for better empowerment of women.
{"title":"Self-reported Well-being and Perceived Health Status of Women in Child-Producing Age Living in Rural Communities on the Atlantic Ocean Coast in Southwest Nigeria","authors":"B. Afolabi, E. Ezedinachi, I. Arikpo, B. Okon, Prof.Martin Meremikwu, Sidney K. Oparah, D. Ganiyu","doi":"10.21767/2049-5471.1000155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2049-5471.1000155","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The health and well-being of women have not been studied extensively and had not been the major focus of policy fabricators and decision makers in Nigeria. It is imperative to explore the factors influencing health and the well-being of women in child-bearing age (WCBA). Methods: This study was cross-sectional and descriptive in nature. It used semi-structured questionnaires in 9 domains of age-group, marital status, parity, educational status, religion, occupation, income of respondent, income of husband and pregnancy state, to collect data on perceived health and wellbeing from 829 WCBA living on the Atlantic Ocean coastline in Lagos, Southwest Nigeria. Results: Majority of the surveyed women were aged 25- 34 years (406, 49.0%), ever married (660, 79.6%), have had 1-2 children (347, 41.9%), had attained secondary level of education (548, 66.0%) and were traders (472, 57.6%). In all, 252(30.4%) had no monthly income and only 15(1.2%) had the highest monthly income of over US$166.8. In comparison, 331(39.9%) and 67(7.6%) of respondents’ husbands had no income or had income of over US$166.8 respectively. Only 19(2.3%) perceived their well-being to be very poor while 70(8.4%) and 165(19.9%) respectively perceived it to be neither poor nor good or to be good. In all, 50(6.5%) respondents were very dissatisfied with their health compared to 254(30.6%) who were very satisfied with their health. Of those with no income, 31.6% and 48.0% respectively perceived their well-being to be very poor and their health status to be very unsatisfactory. In this group also 24.2% and 27.6% respectively perceived their well-being to be very good and their health status to be very satisfactory. Of those with income ≥US$166.8, 5.3% and 2.8% respectively perceived their well-being to be very good and health status to be very satisfactory. Significant relationships were observed between level of satisfaction with one’s health, age, woman’s income as well as pregnancy state. Discussion: The findings indicate that the experiences of well-being and health status of women in child-bearing age, living on the Atlantic Ocean coastline varied by age, marital status and educational status. A more robust study is needed to appropriately measure these variances among women, accommodate them in policies for better empowerment of women.","PeriodicalId":90151,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and equality in health and care","volume":"104 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.21767/2049-5471.1000155","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68029140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.21767/2049-5471.1000158
A. Kamimura, Jason N. Chen, M. Nourian, Mary Stoddard, Ali Al-Sarray
Background: Many physicians have left Iraq due to security concerns or were killed because of war or political conflicts in the last several decades. Despite the challenges that physicians experience in Iraq and the importance of the issue of physician stress and depression globally, little is known about stress and depression related to job satisfaction and work environments among physicians in Iraq. The purpose of this study is to elucidate factors that may improve the current challenges experienced by physicians in Iraq. Methods: Data were collected for two months from October to December 2017 from physicians practicing in Iraq using an online survey. Results: Safety and work environments are major concerns among physicians in Iraq. Lower job satisfaction is associated with higher levels of stress and depression. The following factors are also related to higher levels of stress or depression: lower satisfaction with resources, fewer work hours and sleep problems. Conclusion: Iraq faces a potentially crippling brain drain situation since 87.5% of the study participants expressed interest in leaving Iraq and are also concerned with safety in the workplace. Physician migration from developing to developed countries is a global phenomenon. But in the case of Iraq, since the percentage of leaving or intending to leave Iraq is very high, it is important to develop strategies to reduce push factors and to increase physician retention
{"title":"Stress, Depression and Job Satisfaction among Physicians in Iraq","authors":"A. Kamimura, Jason N. Chen, M. Nourian, Mary Stoddard, Ali Al-Sarray","doi":"10.21767/2049-5471.1000158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2049-5471.1000158","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Many physicians have left Iraq due to security concerns or were killed because of war or political conflicts in the last several decades. Despite the challenges that physicians experience in Iraq and the importance of the issue of physician stress and depression globally, little is known about stress and depression related to job satisfaction and work environments among physicians in Iraq. The purpose of this study is to elucidate factors that may improve the current challenges experienced by physicians in Iraq. Methods: Data were collected for two months from October to December 2017 from physicians practicing in Iraq using an online survey. Results: Safety and work environments are major concerns among physicians in Iraq. Lower job satisfaction is associated with higher levels of stress and depression. The following factors are also related to higher levels of stress or depression: lower satisfaction with resources, fewer work hours and sleep problems. Conclusion: Iraq faces a potentially crippling brain drain situation since 87.5% of the study participants expressed interest in leaving Iraq and are also concerned with safety in the workplace. Physician migration from developing to developed countries is a global phenomenon. But in the case of Iraq, since the percentage of leaving or intending to leave Iraq is very high, it is important to develop strategies to reduce push factors and to increase physician retention","PeriodicalId":90151,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and equality in health and care","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.21767/2049-5471.1000158","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68029536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.21767/2049-5471.1000128
K. Eshetu, Emebet Hussen, Dubale Dulla
Background: In Ethiopia, maternal death is still high (estimated 412 per 100,000 live births). Partograph is inexpensive and easily applicable health interventions, that can help prevent the majority of maternal and neonatal deaths. However, use of partograph of birth care vary throughout the country. Thus, this study is intended to assess knowledge and utilization of partograph among birth care givers in public health institution in Sidama zone, Southern Ethiopia. Objective: To assess magnitude of partograph use of and associated factors among obstetric care givers in public health institution in Sidama zone, Southern Ethiopia. Materials and method: Facility based cross-sectional study was conducted from May 1 to 30, 2016. Two stage sampling techniques were used to select participants. Six Woredas and 1 city administration were selected by simple random method and after proportional allocation; a total 286 participants were recruited in the study. Structured and pretested questionnaire was administered to collect data. SPSS Version 20 was employed for data entry and statistical analysis. Logistic regression analyses were used to comprehend the association of different variables. Results: Among total respondents, 94.3% knew what a partograph is and 58.6% defined it correctly. Only 42.9% and 55% of respondents correctly explained the function of alert line and action line respectively. Only 43.9% had good knowledge on appropriate use of partograph. Almost half (51%), 38.2% and 5.7% of the respondents used partograph routinely, sometimes, and occasionally respectfully. Diploma graduates had 3.7 times good level of knowledge compared to graduates of Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) with (adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=3.7 (1.23-11.33)). There was also statistically significant relationship between the years of service and their knowledge of partograph (AOR=0.25(0.11-0.6)). Conclusion: knowledge and utilization of partograph identified poor among obstetric care givers in Sidama zone. It needs crucial intervention to avert maternal mortality, thus all responsible bodies have to do much more to improve knowledge and skill gap of professionals and further investigation is recommended in wide range.
背景:在埃塞俄比亚，孕产妇死亡率仍然很高(估计每10万活产412例)。分娩是廉价和易于适用的保健干预措施，可帮助预防大多数孕产妇和新生儿死亡。然而，分娩护理的使用在全国各地各不相同。因此，本研究的目的是评估知识和利用产程在公共卫生机构在西达马区，埃塞俄比亚南部。目的:评估埃塞俄比亚南部Sidama区公共卫生机构产科护理人员的产褥使用率及其相关因素。材料和方法:基于设施的横断面研究于2016年5月1日至30日进行。采用两阶段抽样技术选择参与者。采用简单随机方法，按比例分配，选择6个自治区和1个直辖市;这项研究共招募了286名参与者。采用结构化和预测问卷收集数据。采用SPSS Version 20进行数据录入和统计分析。采用逻辑回归分析来理解不同变量之间的关联。结果:94.3%的被调查者知道段落是什么，58.6%的被调查者正确定义了段落。分别只有42.9%和55%的受访者正确解释了警戒线和行动线的功能。只有43.9%的人对正确使用段落有良好的了解。几乎一半(51%)，38.2%和5.7%的受访者经常使用段落，有时使用，偶尔使用。文凭毕业生的知识水平是理学士(B.Sc.)毕业生的3.7倍，校正优势比(AOR)=3.7(1.23-11.33)。服务年限与分娩知识的关系也有统计学意义(AOR=0.25(0.11-0.6))。结论:锡达玛地区产科护理人员对产程识别知识和利用较差。它需要关键的干预措施，以避免产妇死亡，因此所有负责任的机构必须做更多的工作，以改善专业人员的知识和技能差距，并建议在广泛的范围内进一步调查。
{"title":"Magnitude of Partograph Use and Associated Factors among Obstetric Care Givers in Public Health Institution in Sidama Zone, Southern Ethiopia, 2017","authors":"K. Eshetu, Emebet Hussen, Dubale Dulla","doi":"10.21767/2049-5471.1000128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2049-5471.1000128","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In Ethiopia, maternal death is still high (estimated 412 per 100,000 live births). Partograph is inexpensive and easily applicable health interventions, that can help prevent the majority of maternal and neonatal deaths. However, use of partograph of birth care vary throughout the country. Thus, this study is intended to assess knowledge and utilization of partograph among birth care givers in public health institution in Sidama zone, Southern Ethiopia. Objective: To assess magnitude of partograph use of and associated factors among obstetric care givers in public health institution in Sidama zone, Southern Ethiopia. Materials and method: Facility based cross-sectional study was conducted from May 1 to 30, 2016. Two stage sampling techniques were used to select participants. Six Woredas and 1 city administration were selected by simple random method and after proportional allocation; a total 286 participants were recruited in the study. Structured and pretested questionnaire was administered to collect data. SPSS Version 20 was employed for data entry and statistical analysis. Logistic regression analyses were used to comprehend the association of different variables. Results: Among total respondents, 94.3% knew what a partograph is and 58.6% defined it correctly. Only 42.9% and 55% of respondents correctly explained the function of alert line and action line respectively. Only 43.9% had good knowledge on appropriate use of partograph. Almost half (51%), 38.2% and 5.7% of the respondents used partograph routinely, sometimes, and occasionally respectfully. Diploma graduates had 3.7 times good level of knowledge compared to graduates of Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) with (adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=3.7 (1.23-11.33)). There was also statistically significant relationship between the years of service and their knowledge of partograph (AOR=0.25(0.11-0.6)). Conclusion: knowledge and utilization of partograph identified poor among obstetric care givers in Sidama zone. It needs crucial intervention to avert maternal mortality, thus all responsible bodies have to do much more to improve knowledge and skill gap of professionals and further investigation is recommended in wide range.","PeriodicalId":90151,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and equality in health and care","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.21767/2049-5471.1000128","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68026848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.21767/2049-5471.1000151
Titus Haakonde, F. Munsanje, K. Chishimba
Late detection of disease out- break and other health related events of public health significance have been linked to poor implementation of the Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response (IDSR). As such strengthening the capacity of health workers involved in IDSR implementation is required. The main objective of this study was to assess the factors affecting the implementation of the IDSR in public health care facilities in Rufunsa District, Zambia. A cross-sectional facility based descriptive study design as well as observation was done in which 34 study subjects were conveniently sampled from the 9 health facilities in the district. Data collection was done using a pretested semi structured questionnaire and an institutional- tailored observational checklist. Analyses were done using SPSS version18. The study revealed that factors that affected the implementation of the IDSR were low knowledge levels among Health Workers about IDSR as only 36.3% of them received training in IDSR in the last 12 months at the time of this study. Other factors that created gaps in the implementation of IDSR were negative attitudes of the health workers as 9.0% of them were of the opinion that the IDSR system wasted much of their time, as its implementation interfered with their clinical work and about 51.5% were demoralised as they felt that support from the managers at the District, Province and Ministry of Health Headquarters was inadequate. Poor practices of health workers towards IDSR was also identified as a factor affecting IDSR Implementation. For instance, it was revealed that about 27.3% of the health workers either infrequently or never reported a disease which required mandatory reporting in the last 12 months as they stated that the process of reporting was cumbersome as the forms were too many and complicated. They further echoed that IDSR implementation lacked prompt feedback from the Managers at the District. Resource- wise, all facilities in the district lacked adequate resources for IDSR implementation. For example between 11.1 to 44.4% of the health facilities lacked one or more types of reporting forms. Other resources lacking were electricity, and good network connectivity since about 51.5% relied on mobile phones for sending reports which required prompt feedback. Therefore, to ensure effective IDSR implementation, adequate funding directed to the strengthening of IDSR activities should be deliberately put in the budget’s yellow book. Regular IDSR trainings are to be offered to health workers which should be followed by mentorship and supervision by the District and Provincial Health Offices as well as the Ministry of Health.
{"title":"Assessment of Factors Affecting theImplementation of the Integrated DiseaseSurveillance and Response in Public Health CareFacilities - The Case of Rufunsa District, Zambia","authors":"Titus Haakonde, F. Munsanje, K. Chishimba","doi":"10.21767/2049-5471.1000151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2049-5471.1000151","url":null,"abstract":"Late detection of disease out- break and other health related events of public health significance have been linked to poor implementation of the Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response (IDSR). As such strengthening the capacity of health workers involved in IDSR implementation is required. The main objective of this study was to assess the factors affecting the implementation of the IDSR in public health care facilities in Rufunsa District, Zambia. A cross-sectional facility based descriptive study design as well as observation was done in which 34 study subjects were conveniently sampled from the 9 health facilities in the district. Data collection was done using a pretested semi structured questionnaire and an institutional- tailored observational checklist. Analyses were done using SPSS version18. The study revealed that factors that affected the implementation of the IDSR were low knowledge levels among Health Workers about IDSR as only 36.3% of them received training in IDSR in the last 12 months at the time of this study. Other factors that created gaps in the implementation of IDSR were negative attitudes of the health workers as 9.0% of them were of the opinion that the IDSR system wasted much of their time, as its implementation interfered with their clinical work and about 51.5% were demoralised as they felt that support from the managers at the District, Province and Ministry of Health Headquarters was inadequate. Poor practices of health workers towards IDSR was also identified as a factor affecting IDSR Implementation. For instance, it was revealed that about 27.3% of the health workers either infrequently or never reported a disease which required mandatory reporting in the last 12 months as they stated that the process of reporting was cumbersome as the forms were too many and complicated. They further echoed that IDSR implementation lacked prompt feedback from the Managers at the District. Resource- wise, all facilities in the district lacked adequate resources for IDSR implementation. For example between 11.1 to 44.4% of the health facilities lacked one or more types of reporting forms. Other resources lacking were electricity, and good network connectivity since about 51.5% relied on mobile phones for sending reports which required prompt feedback. Therefore, to ensure effective IDSR implementation, adequate funding directed to the strengthening of IDSR activities should be deliberately put in the budget’s yellow book. Regular IDSR trainings are to be offered to health workers which should be followed by mentorship and supervision by the District and Provincial Health Offices as well as the Ministry of Health.","PeriodicalId":90151,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and equality in health and care","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.21767/2049-5471.1000151","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68028072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.21767/2049-5471.1000163
N. Juárez, Emely Puerto, D. Hagarty, Mary Stoddard, S. Panahi, Jeanie Ashby, A. Kamimura
The United States (US) is the only developed country which does not have universal health insurance. Free healthcare clinics are operated largely by volunteers for the purpose of providing healthcare services to populations who are under- or un- uninsured in the US. Few qualitative studies have been conducted on patient experience and satisfaction at free clinics and, of those that do exist; most have been administered through focus groups. Thus, the purpose of this study is to explore perceptions and satisfaction among patients at a free clinic using a qualitative approach. Free clinic patients (N=649) participated in a survey with one open-ended question asking about their perceptions of the free clinic in 2017. This study analyzed the qualitative data from the openended question only. On average, the participants responded as being grateful and satisfied with the services provided by the free clinic. However, participants felt that they would benefit from further continuity of care and a higher number of medical providers, as well as more specialists. Future services to be modified or added, as indicated by the participants, include a greater variety of class times for health education and exercise classes, as well as the addition of urgent care services. To improve patient satisfaction, it is recommended to increase promotions for volunteer opportunities in addition to more training. Furthermore, it is necessary to give patients better access to referrals to community resources that offer the additional services that they are interested in.
{"title":"Perspectives of Health Care Services among Free Clinic Patients in the USA: A Qualitative Study","authors":"N. Juárez, Emely Puerto, D. Hagarty, Mary Stoddard, S. Panahi, Jeanie Ashby, A. Kamimura","doi":"10.21767/2049-5471.1000163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2049-5471.1000163","url":null,"abstract":"The United States (US) is the only developed country which does not have universal health insurance. Free healthcare clinics are operated largely by volunteers for the purpose of providing healthcare services to populations who are under- or un- uninsured in the US. Few qualitative studies have been conducted on patient experience and satisfaction at free clinics and, of those that do exist; most have been administered through focus groups. Thus, the purpose of this study is to explore perceptions and satisfaction among patients at a free clinic using a qualitative approach. Free clinic patients (N=649) participated in a survey with one open-ended question asking about their perceptions of the free clinic in 2017. This study analyzed the qualitative data from the openended question only. On average, the participants responded as being grateful and satisfied with the services provided by the free clinic. However, participants felt that they would benefit from further continuity of care and a higher number of medical providers, as well as more specialists. Future services to be modified or added, as indicated by the participants, include a greater variety of class times for health education and exercise classes, as well as the addition of urgent care services. To improve patient satisfaction, it is recommended to increase promotions for volunteer opportunities in addition to more training. Furthermore, it is necessary to give patients better access to referrals to community resources that offer the additional services that they are interested in.","PeriodicalId":90151,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and equality in health and care","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.21767/2049-5471.1000163","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68029124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.21767/2049-5471.1000165
Abdulaziz Ibrahim Habadi, S. Alfaer, Rinad Hisham Shilli, M. Habadi, S. M. Suliman, Shahd Jaber Al-Aslany, M. Habadi
Objective: Burnout syndrome is a state of decreased physical and psychological efficiency due to on-going exposure to occupational stressors. In addition, it is usually represented by three elements; emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment. Whereas nurses play an integral part in the healthcare system and they are always liable to occupational burnout. We aimed this study to determine the prevalence of burnout syndrome among nursing staff working at King Abdulaziz University Hospital in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional study survey which was conducted among 182 nurses (n=182) working at King Abdulaziz University Hospital in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia in 2017. Our data was collected using a self-demonstrated survey comprised of two parts; part one was sociodemographic and work-related questions, and part two was Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey for Medical Personnel. Description of data findings was shown in this study. In addition, we used the definition of burnout syndrome to calculate the prevalence as; the composition of high emotional exhaustion (EE), high depersonalization (DP), and low personal accomplishment (PA). Findings: Regarding the socio-demographic data, 90.7% of the nurses were female, 92.3% were non- Saudi, and 68.7% were not satisfied with their income. Moreover and out of expectations, the prevalence of burnout syndrome in this study was 9.34%. However, emotional exhaustion alone was 59.89%. Conclusions: Nurses nowadays have a significant role in the healthcare system, and research like this will help to improve their individual-work relationship, resulting in a better evidence-based work environment. As we mentioned, the prevalence of burnout syndrome in our study was low, (out of what we expected compared to previous literature). However, the high level of emotional exhaustion gives us more opportunity to do more studies in this area.
{"title":"The Prevalence of Burnout Syndrome among Nursing Staff Working at King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, 2017","authors":"Abdulaziz Ibrahim Habadi, S. Alfaer, Rinad Hisham Shilli, M. Habadi, S. M. Suliman, Shahd Jaber Al-Aslany, M. Habadi","doi":"10.21767/2049-5471.1000165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2049-5471.1000165","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Burnout syndrome is a state of decreased physical and psychological efficiency due to on-going exposure to occupational stressors. In addition, it is usually represented by three elements; emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment. Whereas nurses play an integral part in the healthcare system and they are always liable to occupational burnout. We aimed this study to determine the prevalence of burnout syndrome among nursing staff working at King Abdulaziz University Hospital in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional study survey which was conducted among 182 nurses (n=182) working at King Abdulaziz University Hospital in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia in 2017. Our data was collected using a self-demonstrated survey comprised of two parts; part one was sociodemographic and work-related questions, and part two was Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey for Medical Personnel. Description of data findings was shown in this study. In addition, we used the definition of burnout syndrome to calculate the prevalence as; the composition of high emotional exhaustion (EE), high depersonalization (DP), and low personal accomplishment (PA). Findings: Regarding the socio-demographic data, 90.7% of the nurses were female, 92.3% were non- Saudi, and 68.7% were not satisfied with their income. Moreover and out of expectations, the prevalence of burnout syndrome in this study was 9.34%. However, emotional exhaustion alone was 59.89%. Conclusions: Nurses nowadays have a significant role in the healthcare system, and research like this will help to improve their individual-work relationship, resulting in a better evidence-based work environment. As we mentioned, the prevalence of burnout syndrome in our study was low, (out of what we expected compared to previous literature). However, the high level of emotional exhaustion gives us more opportunity to do more studies in this area.","PeriodicalId":90151,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and equality in health and care","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.21767/2049-5471.1000165","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68029173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.21767/2049-5471.1000177
Hazel Williams-Roberts, Erin Beckwell, Lara Murphy, T. Lafontaine, Melanie Brockman, C. Neudorf
Background: This case study assessed the acceptability and experience of being asked a single question about Indigenous self-identity when patients registered at a core neighborhood hospital in a western Canadian province. Registration clerks were trained and requested to ask all patients about their identity during the admission process and record the information in the registration system. The information was used to link patients to cultural support and navigation services. Methods: Two hundred and fifty-nine participants were interviewed to examine perceptions and experiences with being asked about their identity. Descriptive statistics including frequencies and percentages were used to summarize participant demographic characteristics and responses. Chi-squared or Fisher’s Exact tests were used to explore the relationship between demographic characteristics (age, gender, Indigenous identity) and domains of inquiry. A thematic analysis of participants’ responses was also done. Findings: Sixty (23.1%) participants self-identified as Indigenous and just over half (n=134) of all participants were female. Participants supported universally offering the opportunity to disclose their Indigenous identity. However, perceived importance of asking was associated with Indigenous identity (χ2 =16.52, p<0.001) and age (χ2=11.08, p=0.023). Elderly participants and those who did not identify as Indigenous assigned lower importance to asking about Indigenous identity. Among Indigenous participants who had prior negative experiences with the health care system, there were concerns about misuse of information and adverse effects on care. Preferences for how identity information should be collected were influenced by expectations about roles of health care providers and practical considerations. Conclusion: While acceptable, perceived value of collecting self-reported Indigenous identity at registration varies across patient groups. Priority should be given to targeted communication about the rationale for collection of identity information and how it will be used to improve the delivery of care.
{"title":"Acceptability of Asking about Indigenous Identity in Health Care Settings","authors":"Hazel Williams-Roberts, Erin Beckwell, Lara Murphy, T. Lafontaine, Melanie Brockman, C. Neudorf","doi":"10.21767/2049-5471.1000177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2049-5471.1000177","url":null,"abstract":"Background: This case study assessed the acceptability and experience of being asked a single question about Indigenous self-identity when patients registered at a core neighborhood hospital in a western Canadian province. Registration clerks were trained and requested to ask all patients about their identity during the admission process and record the information in the registration system. The information was used to link patients to cultural support and navigation services. Methods: Two hundred and fifty-nine participants were interviewed to examine perceptions and experiences with being asked about their identity. Descriptive statistics including frequencies and percentages were used to summarize participant demographic characteristics and responses. Chi-squared or Fisher’s Exact tests were used to explore the relationship between demographic characteristics (age, gender, Indigenous identity) and domains of inquiry. A thematic analysis of participants’ responses was also done. Findings: Sixty (23.1%) participants self-identified as Indigenous and just over half (n=134) of all participants were female. Participants supported universally offering the opportunity to disclose their Indigenous identity. However, perceived importance of asking was associated with Indigenous identity (χ2 =16.52, p<0.001) and age (χ2=11.08, p=0.023). Elderly participants and those who did not identify as Indigenous assigned lower importance to asking about Indigenous identity. Among Indigenous participants who had prior negative experiences with the health care system, there were concerns about misuse of information and adverse effects on care. Preferences for how identity information should be collected were influenced by expectations about roles of health care providers and practical considerations. Conclusion: While acceptable, perceived value of collecting self-reported Indigenous identity at registration varies across patient groups. Priority should be given to targeted communication about the rationale for collection of identity information and how it will be used to improve the delivery of care.","PeriodicalId":90151,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and equality in health and care","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.21767/2049-5471.1000177","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68030168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.21767/2049-5471.1000179
R. Katz, Amos E Katz, R. C. Warren, Hala Aqel, D. Ilin, R. McGowan
Purpose: The overall goal of this analysis of our Spheres of Ethics Teaching Using Film (SOETUF) study was to assess whether college students, in approaching new information on bioethics presented using either a film or a written text, anticipated that one medium (film vs. text) would be more effective for addressing certain issues or would have different impacts on their emotions. Methods: This aspect of the SOETUF study consisted of 48 NYUAD college student volunteers who took the SOETUF Sans-Trigger (S-T) Questionnaire, as developed for this study: 1) the 11-item ‘Anticipated Types of Situation Domainof- Interest (ATOS-DOI); and 2) the 23-item ‘Anticipated Emotions Domain-of-Interest’ (AE-DOI). The study was approved by the NYUAD IRB as an Expedited Review category study. Results: The results for the ATOS-DOI revealed the students anticipated that text would be a more effective medium regarding thought provoking situations and would be more likely to create a cool analytical thinking situation and to create a lasting impact on them while they thought that film would be the superior medium for portraying violence, humour and hot empathy. For the AE-DOI, the students reported anticipating that film would be much better for evoking the emotions of terrified, frightened, anger, scared, disturbed, threatened, fearful and uncomfortable, as well as for feeling energetic. Conclusion: The SOETUF S-T Questionnaire demonstrated that it could detect meaningful differences in college students’ anticipated reaction to the use of a film trigger versus a text trigger in the teaching of bioethics.
{"title":"Description of Student Expectations on the Use of Film Vs. Text to Teach Bioethics: The Spheres of Ethics Teaching Using Film (SOETUF) College Study","authors":"R. Katz, Amos E Katz, R. C. Warren, Hala Aqel, D. Ilin, R. McGowan","doi":"10.21767/2049-5471.1000179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2049-5471.1000179","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The overall goal of this analysis of our Spheres of Ethics Teaching Using Film (SOETUF) study was to assess whether college students, in approaching new information on bioethics presented using either a film or a written text, anticipated that one medium (film vs. text) would be more effective for addressing certain issues or would have different impacts on their emotions. Methods: This aspect of the SOETUF study consisted of 48 NYUAD college student volunteers who took the SOETUF Sans-Trigger (S-T) Questionnaire, as developed for this study: 1) the 11-item ‘Anticipated Types of Situation Domainof- Interest (ATOS-DOI); and 2) the 23-item ‘Anticipated Emotions Domain-of-Interest’ (AE-DOI). The study was approved by the NYUAD IRB as an Expedited Review category study. Results: The results for the ATOS-DOI revealed the students anticipated that text would be a more effective medium regarding thought provoking situations and would be more likely to create a cool analytical thinking situation and to create a lasting impact on them while they thought that film would be the superior medium for portraying violence, humour and hot empathy. For the AE-DOI, the students reported anticipating that film would be much better for evoking the emotions of terrified, frightened, anger, scared, disturbed, threatened, fearful and uncomfortable, as well as for feeling energetic. Conclusion: The SOETUF S-T Questionnaire demonstrated that it could detect meaningful differences in college students’ anticipated reaction to the use of a film trigger versus a text trigger in the teaching of bioethics.","PeriodicalId":90151,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and equality in health and care","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.21767/2049-5471.1000179","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68030564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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