Pub Date : 2019-06-10DOI: 10.19185/MATTERS.201905000001
F. Mandino, Ling Yun Yeow, J. Gigg, M. Olivo, J. Grandjean
Hydrocephalus is a brain condition characterized by enlarged ventricles, due to an excess of cerebrospinal fluid. Although it is known to affect cognition, development, gait, and mood, the impact of hydrocephalus on large-scale functional brain organization is poorly documented. Here, we present results on a single spontaneous occurrence of severe hydrocephalus observed in a 3xTgAD mouse, compared to a control cohort of 3xTgAD littermates. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging analysis, carried out under light anesthesia, revealed the remarkable presence of functional connectivity (FC) resembling the common mouse resting-state networks (RSNs). Four main components were identified in the hydrocephalic mouse, attributable to the Default Mode network, Salience network, and sensorimotor networks. Characteristic features of the RSNs in the hydrocephalic mouse were found to be well preserved, both in spatial distribution and in FC magnitude, despite the severity of the pathology. This is the first documented case of resting-state fMRI conducted on a mouse affected by severe hydrocephalus. The surprising presence of resting-state networks was found to be comparable to littermate controls, highlighting a remarkable functional resilience in the hydrocephalic brain.
{"title":"Preserved functional networks in a hydrocephalic mouse","authors":"F. Mandino, Ling Yun Yeow, J. Gigg, M. Olivo, J. Grandjean","doi":"10.19185/MATTERS.201905000001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19185/MATTERS.201905000001","url":null,"abstract":"Hydrocephalus is a brain condition characterized by enlarged ventricles, due to an excess of cerebrospinal fluid. Although it is known to affect cognition, development, gait, and mood, the impact of hydrocephalus on large-scale functional brain organization is poorly documented. Here, we present results on a single spontaneous occurrence of severe hydrocephalus observed in a 3xTgAD mouse, compared to a control cohort of 3xTgAD littermates. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging analysis, carried out under light anesthesia, revealed the remarkable presence of functional connectivity (FC) resembling the common mouse resting-state networks (RSNs). Four main components were identified in the hydrocephalic mouse, attributable to the Default Mode network, Salience network, and sensorimotor networks. Characteristic features of the RSNs in the hydrocephalic mouse were found to be well preserved, both in spatial distribution and in FC magnitude, despite the severity of the pathology. This is the first documented case of resting-state fMRI conducted on a mouse affected by severe hydrocephalus. The surprising presence of resting-state networks was found to be comparable to littermate controls, highlighting a remarkable functional resilience in the hydrocephalic brain.","PeriodicalId":90172,"journal":{"name":"Grief matters","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86540619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-07DOI: 10.19185/MATTERS.201905000004
N. Sousa, E. Pascual-Carreras, E. Saló, T. Adell
In the last years, the Hippo signaling has emerged as an essential pathway to control tissue and organ homeostasis, and its deregulation leads to tumoral transformation in all animals studied. However, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanism of this transformation are still not clear. The core of the Hippo pathway includes a kinase cassette composed by the kinases Hippo, Salvador, Mats, and Warts that in turn phosphorylates the nuclear effector of the pathway, Yorkie, targeting it to proteasomal degradation. Recently, the functional study of hippo, in planarians, flatworms that continuously change their size and renew their tissues according to nutrients, allowed demonstrating that the underlying mechanism of cellular transformation was not an increase in cell proliferation but inducing cell cycle arrest and promoting cell dedifferentiation. However, the functional study of yorkie did not allow to relate it with the Hippo function. Here, we show that inhibition of salvador and warts phenocopies the defects observed in hippo RNAi planarians. Since Warts is responsible for phosphorylating yorkie, this data suggests that not only the kinase cassette of the Hippo pathway is functionally conserved but also the nuclear effector.
{"title":"Functional characterization of salvador and warts in planarians","authors":"N. Sousa, E. Pascual-Carreras, E. Saló, T. Adell","doi":"10.19185/MATTERS.201905000004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19185/MATTERS.201905000004","url":null,"abstract":"In the last years, the Hippo signaling has emerged as an essential pathway to control tissue and organ homeostasis, and its deregulation leads to tumoral transformation in all animals studied. However, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanism of this transformation are still not clear. The core of the Hippo pathway includes a kinase cassette composed by the kinases Hippo, Salvador, Mats, and Warts that in turn phosphorylates the nuclear effector of the pathway, Yorkie, targeting it to proteasomal degradation. Recently, the functional study of hippo, in planarians, flatworms that continuously change their size and renew their tissues according to nutrients, allowed demonstrating that the underlying mechanism of cellular transformation was not an increase in cell proliferation but inducing cell cycle arrest and promoting cell dedifferentiation. However, the functional study of yorkie did not allow to relate it with the Hippo function. Here, we show that inhibition of salvador and warts phenocopies the defects observed in hippo RNAi planarians. Since Warts is responsible for phosphorylating yorkie, this data suggests that not only the kinase cassette of the Hippo pathway is functionally conserved but also the nuclear effector.","PeriodicalId":90172,"journal":{"name":"Grief matters","volume":"371 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80483129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-03DOI: 10.19185/matters.201905000006
D. Gorman, A. Turra, M. Denadai
Living space is a fundamental resource for the growth and survival of plants, marine, and terrestrial animals and even human beings. Of the variety of life that covert space, hermit crabs are unique in their motivation to find, defend and maintain gastropod shells as portable homes. The limited supply of empty shells in the environment, as well as a constant need to upgrade these resources as they grow, means that these charismatic crabs are always on the lookout for bigger, better and newer homes. We present the curious case of an intertidal hermit crab (Isocheles sawayai) that was found dead, tucked away behind the body of an injured gastropod (Olivancillaria vesica) whose shell it was presumably trying to occupy. This unusual observation highlights the extremes to which some crabs may go to beat potential rivals and be the first to access limiting resources.
{"title":"The curious incident of the hermit crab and the gastropod","authors":"D. Gorman, A. Turra, M. Denadai","doi":"10.19185/matters.201905000006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19185/matters.201905000006","url":null,"abstract":"Living space is a fundamental resource for the growth and survival of plants, marine, and terrestrial animals and even human beings. Of the variety of life that covert space, hermit crabs are unique in their motivation to find, defend and maintain gastropod shells as portable homes. The limited supply of empty shells in the environment, as well as a constant need to upgrade these resources as they grow, means that these charismatic crabs are always on the lookout for bigger, better and newer homes. We present the curious case of an intertidal hermit crab (Isocheles sawayai) that was found dead, tucked away behind the body of an injured gastropod (Olivancillaria vesica) whose shell it was presumably trying to occupy. This unusual observation highlights the extremes to which some crabs may go to beat potential rivals and be the first to access limiting resources.","PeriodicalId":90172,"journal":{"name":"Grief matters","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90728357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-03DOI: 10.19185/MATTERS.201905000002
C. Costa, L. M. Pereira, José Clóvis do Prado Júnior, Ana Amélia Carraro Abrahão
Chagas disease is a tropical disease, endemic of the Americas and caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi. The classic transmission route of T. cruzi is based on the contact with feces from Triatominae insects containing trypomastigotes forms of the parasite. T. cruzi is also spread by oral and congenital forms, besides blood donation and organ transplant transmission. The parasite has a tropism to several organs and tissues, including heart, brain, digestive tract, muscles, placenta, and fetuses. The determination of parasite burden in organs is an important parameter for scientific assays related to parasite control and epidemiology. Among the procedures to detect and quantify T. cruzi, PCR demonstrates high sensitivity and specificity. In this study, we developed a simple and fast method to detect T. cruzi from fixed placentas and fetuses of Wistar rats. T. cruzi was detected only in tissues from infected animals, with different parasite burdens. Once the histology usually demonstrates some limitations such as low sensitivity and specificity to detect T. cruzi in fetuses, our methodology will be useful for fixed fetal tissues from organ banks. The detection of T. cruzi from gestational tissues will contribute to the elucidation of mechanisms related to congenital Chagas disease.
{"title":"Molecular detection of Trypanosoma cruzi from formalin fixed placentas and fetuses of Wistar rats","authors":"C. Costa, L. M. Pereira, José Clóvis do Prado Júnior, Ana Amélia Carraro Abrahão","doi":"10.19185/MATTERS.201905000002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19185/MATTERS.201905000002","url":null,"abstract":"Chagas disease is a tropical disease, endemic of the Americas and caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi. The classic transmission route of T. cruzi is based on the contact with feces from Triatominae insects containing trypomastigotes forms of the parasite. T. cruzi is also spread by oral and congenital forms, besides blood donation and organ transplant transmission. The parasite has a tropism to several organs and tissues, including heart, brain, digestive tract, muscles, placenta, and fetuses. The determination of parasite burden in organs is an important parameter for scientific assays related to parasite control and epidemiology. Among the procedures to detect and quantify T. cruzi, PCR demonstrates high sensitivity and specificity. In this study, we developed a simple and fast method to detect T. cruzi from fixed placentas and fetuses of Wistar rats. T. cruzi was detected only in tissues from infected animals, with different parasite burdens. Once the histology usually demonstrates some limitations such as low sensitivity and specificity to detect T. cruzi in fetuses, our methodology will be useful for fixed fetal tissues from organ banks. The detection of T. cruzi from gestational tissues will contribute to the elucidation of mechanisms related to congenital Chagas disease.","PeriodicalId":90172,"journal":{"name":"Grief matters","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87515999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Retour sur l’affaire DSK et l’évolution dilemmique du droit pénal contemporain","authors":"Olivier Cayla","doi":"10.3917/grief.191.0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/grief.191.0019","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":90172,"journal":{"name":"Grief matters","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76381921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"À mort papa !","authors":"Rainer Maria Kiesow","doi":"10.3917/grief.191.0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/grief.191.0011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":90172,"journal":{"name":"Grief matters","volume":"348 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76408620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"À propos de l’affaire Weinstein : de la subordination dynamique à l’égalité statutaire","authors":"E. Désveaux","doi":"10.3917/grief.191.0035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/grief.191.0035","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":90172,"journal":{"name":"Grief matters","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76414785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Loi et jugement de Carl Schmitt","authors":"Andrea Kretschmann, Irina Mützelburg","doi":"10.3917/grief.191.0053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/grief.191.0053","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":90172,"journal":{"name":"Grief matters","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90359631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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