International journal of experimental and computational biomechanics最新文献

英文中文

Biomechanical parameters of the brain under blast loads with and without helmets 带头盔和不带头盔爆炸载荷下大脑的生物力学参数

International journal of experimental and computational biomechanics

Pub Date : 2014-04-14 DOI: 10.1504/IJECB.2014.060400

M. S. Jazi, A. Rezaei, G. Karami, F. Azarmi

Computational results on biomechanics of brain for a human head model with and without a helmet under the blast loading are presented. The blast propagation is simulated using the hybrid method combining the multi-material arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian finite element formulation and empirical blast load equations. A three dimensional model of a combat helmet is integrated with a validated 50th percentile human head-neck model. The blast-head model interactions are modelled using a penalty-based fluid-structure interaction algorithm. Biomechanical data parameters of the head/brain such as intracranial pressures and maximum shear stress are recorded and compared both with and without a helmet. The results are studied the severity of the blast under different values for the high explosive explosions and the efficiency of the wearing ballistic impact under the blast situation.

给出了带头盔和不带头盔人脑模型在爆炸载荷作用下的脑生物力学计算结果。采用多材料任意拉格朗日-欧拉有限元公式和经验爆炸荷载方程相结合的混合方法对爆炸传播进行了模拟。战斗头盔的三维模型与验证的第50百分位人体头颈模型相结合。采用基于惩罚的流固相互作用算法对爆头模型相互作用进行建模。记录头/脑的生物力学数据参数，如颅内压和最大剪切应力，并比较有无头盔。研究了高爆不同爆炸值下的爆炸严重程度和爆炸情况下的磨损弹道冲击效率。

引用次数: 11

Effects of stent length, transition length and overexpansion in stented coronary arteries 支架长度、过渡长度和冠状动脉过度扩张的影响

International journal of experimental and computational biomechanics

Pub Date : 2014-04-14 DOI: 10.1504/IJECB.2014.060403

Naresh K. C. Selvarasu, D. Tafti

In this work, we study the effect of stent length, stent transition length and stent overexpansion under the influence of dynamic changes in curvature and torsion. It is our objective to understand the influence of these three parameters on local hemodynamics. Three-dimensional, spatiotemporally resolved computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of pulsatile flow with moving wall boundaries and fluid structure interaction were carried out for a simplified coronary artery with physiologically relevant flow parameters. A model with moving deformable walls with an elastic modulus change of five in the stented section is used as the baseline control case. From the local hemodynamics and wall shear stress changes, it can be concluded that the smaller stent length that adequately covers the lesion site, higher transition length and lower overexpansion of the stented section would lead to improved flow conditions in the stented artery.

在这项工作中，我们研究了在曲率和扭转动态变化的影响下，支架长度、支架过渡长度和支架过膨胀的影响。我们的目的是了解这三个参数对局部血流动力学的影响。对具有生理相关流动参数的简化冠状动脉进行了三维、时空分辨计算流体动力学(CFD)模拟，模拟了具有移动壁面边界和流固耦合的脉动流动。采用支架段弹性模量变化为5的可变形墙体移动模型作为基准控制案例。从局部血流动力学和管壁剪切应力的变化可以看出，支架长度越小，充分覆盖病变部位，支架过渡长度越长，支架段过扩张越小，支架内动脉的血流状况就越好。

引用次数: 0

Material selection of acetabular component in human hip prosthesis using finite element concepts 基于有限元概念的人工髋关节髋臼构件材料选择

International journal of experimental and computational biomechanics

Pub Date : 2013-09-26 DOI: 10.1504/IJECB.2013.056519

M. Kalayarasan, L. Prakash, Subramaniam Shankar

Hip joint replacement is an important issue in orthopaedic surgery. The success of the artificial hip replacement depends upon proper material selection, structure and shape of the prosthesis. Many orthopaedic analyses have been tried with different materials, but ended with partial success on the application side. The main objective of this paper is to extend the acetabular component finite element model of human hip prosthesis to investigate the maximum von Mises stress, contact pressure, contact radius and mean contact pressure to yield strength ratio for different combinations of bio-compatible materials. Eight different geometrical parameters are considered in the current study. The materials used are Co-Cr alloy, Co-Cr-Mo alloy, ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) and alumina. To guarantee good clinical results in total hip replacement (THR), it is predicted from this extensive analysis that cobalt chromium paired with UHMWPE provides optimum performance in all the conditions. The analysis demonstrates that the implant with larger head radius, cup radius, and UHMWPE cup thickness with decrease in radial clearance value yields better mechanical performance. The finite element results are also compared with the experimental data of Jin et al. (1999) and found to be in good agreement with each other.

髋关节置换术是骨科手术中的一个重要课题。人工髋关节置换术的成功与否取决于人工髋关节的材料选择、结构和形状。许多骨科分析已经尝试了不同的材料，但在应用方面只取得了部分成功。本文的主要目的是扩展人体髋关节假体髋臼构件有限元模型，研究不同生物相容性材料组合下的最大von Mises应力、接触压力、接触半径和平均接触压力与屈服强度比。本研究考虑了八种不同的几何参数。使用的材料有Co-Cr合金、Co-Cr- mo合金、超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)和氧化铝。为了保证全髋关节置换术(THR)的良好临床效果，从这一广泛的分析中预测，钴铬与UHMWPE配对在所有条件下都能提供最佳性能。分析表明，种植体的头半径、杯半径和超高分子量聚乙烯杯厚度越大，径向间隙值越小，其力学性能越好。将有限元计算结果与Jin et al.(1999)的实验数据进行了比较，两者吻合较好。

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引用次数: 13

Development of a finite element model to study the torsional fracture strength of an analogue tibia with bicortical holes 建立具有双皮质孔的模拟胫骨扭转断裂强度有限元模型

International journal of experimental and computational biomechanics

Pub Date : 2013-09-26 DOI: 10.1504/IJECB.2013.056528

K. M. Reuter, Alexander C.M. Chong, Viswanathan Madhavan, Paul H. Wooley, Mark Virginia, H. Lankarani

Fractured bones are often stabilised with orthopaedic fracture plates and screws until healed. If the plates and screws are removed, the vacant screw holes introduce a potential site for re-fracture. This study is aimed at simulating a laboratory torsional fracture test of a composite analogue tibia with vacant screw holes using a finite element (FE) model. This FE model is set up the same as the experimental torsion test, with a section from the distal portion of the tibia. The FE model contains over 35k second-order brick elements and nearly 165k nodes. It utilises an isotropic linear elastic material law with material properties obtained from the analogue tibia manufacturer. Comparisons between the experimental model and the FE model consider the fracture torque, fracture angle, and specific torsional stiffness. Stress contours of the FE model are compared to the fracture path of the experimental model. The FE model predicts the fracture location and a fracture torque within the standard deviation of that determined experimentally.

骨折通常用骨科骨折钢板和螺钉固定，直至愈合。如果钢板和螺钉被拆除，空螺钉孔可能会导致再次骨折。本研究旨在利用有限元模型模拟具有空螺钉孔的复合材料模拟胫骨的实验室扭转骨折试验。该有限元模型与实验扭转试验相同，取胫骨远端截面。FE模型包含超过35k个二阶砖元素和近165k个节点。它利用从模拟胫骨制造商获得的材料特性的各向同性线弹性材料定律。实验模型与有限元模型的比较考虑了断裂力矩、断裂角和比扭刚度。将有限元模型的应力轮廓与实验模型的断裂路径进行了比较。有限元模型预测的断裂位置和断裂扭矩在实验确定的标准差范围内。

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引用次数: 0

Numerical simulation of transport and deposition of micro-particles in two-phase flow in a human upper airway model from CT images 基于CT图像的人体上呼吸道两相流中微颗粒运移和沉积的数值模拟

International journal of experimental and computational biomechanics

Pub Date : 2013-09-26 DOI: 10.1504/IJECB.2013.056542

T. B. Gorji, N. Fatouraee, A. Mozaffari

In this paper the air flow for typical inhalation rates as well as transport and deposition of particles in a realistic human upper airway model were analysed using a validated ﬁnite-volume code with user-enhanced programmes. Most important parameters affecting deposition of particles are inlet flow rate, airway geometry and geometric and physical characteristics of particles. The tubular airway model in this study consists of upper trachea-bronchial airways starting from trachea (G0) to second generation of bifurcations (G2) reconstructed from computerised tomography (CT) data of a healthy human. The low Reynolds number (LRN) k-ω turbulence model was used to simulate the laminar to turbulent occurred airflow. The results show that deposition efficiencies (DE) are typically larger during high level breathing (Qin = 60 l/min) than low-level breathing (Qin = 15 l/min) and DE is significantly larger in the right bronchial airway to the left, mainly because of the slightly greater dimensions of the right bron...

在本文中，使用经过验证的有限体积代码和用户增强程序，分析了典型吸入率下的空气流动以及真实人体上呼吸道模型中颗粒的运输和沉积。影响颗粒沉积的最重要参数是入口流速、气道几何形状和颗粒的几何物理特性。本研究中的管状气道模型由从气管(G0)开始到第二代分叉(G2)的上气管-支气管组成，由健康人的计算机断层扫描(CT)数据重建。采用低雷诺数(LRN) k-ω湍流模型模拟层流到湍流发生气流。结果表明:高水平呼吸(秦= 60 l/min)时沉积效率(DE)明显大于低水平呼吸(秦= 15 l/min)时，右支气管气道沉积效率(DE)明显大于左支气管，这主要是由于右支气管的尺寸略大。

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引用次数: 1

Multiaxial spine testing apparatus: system characterisation by evaluation of analogue and cadaveric lumbar spines 多轴脊柱试验装置:通过评价模拟腰椎和尸体腰椎的系统特性

International journal of experimental and computational biomechanics

Pub Date : 2013-09-26 DOI: 10.1504/IJECB.2013.056544

Zachary A. Dooley, Alexander W. L. Turner, G. Bryan Corwall

A custom 6 degrees-of-freedom test system was developed to collect unconstrained pure-moment biomechanical data from excised multi-segmental human spines. In this study, two characterisation methods were utilised. First, a polyethylene analogue model was created to establish test system baseline performance. Second, 22 lumbar spines (L1–L5) were tested to understand system operation under actual usage accounting for specimen stiffness and coupled motions. Each lumbar spine was tested in the anatomical planes (flexion-extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation) under two different conditions (intact and after implantation with an interbody cage at L3–L4). Specimen range of motion, neutral zone, and force/torque component errors generated by the test system were similar to previously reported data. Pure-moments were repeatable throughout the experiment in both cadaveric conditions, indicated by consistency in range of motion and neutral zone at the non-index levels. This characterisation will assist with interpretation of experimental data generated by the test system.

开发了自定义的6自由度测试系统，用于从切除的多节段人体脊柱中收集无约束的纯时刻生物力学数据。在本研究中，使用了两种表征方法。首先，建立了一个聚乙烯模拟模型来建立测试系统的基准性能。其次，对22根腰椎(L1-L5)进行测试，了解实际使用下的系统运行情况，考虑试件刚度和耦合运动。在两种不同的条件下(完整和在L3-L4植入椎间笼后)，对每个腰椎进行解剖平面(屈伸、侧屈和轴向旋转)测试。测试系统产生的试样运动范围、中性区和力/扭矩分量误差与先前报道的数据相似。在整个实验过程中，纯瞬间在两种尸体条件下都是可重复的，通过运动范围的一致性和非指数水平的中性区来表明。这种特性将有助于解释由测试系统产生的实验数据。

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引用次数: 6

Plastic behaviour of microstructural constituents of cortical bone tissue: a nanoindentation study 皮质骨组织微结构成分的塑性行为:纳米压痕研究

International journal of experimental and computational biomechanics

Pub Date : 2013-09-26 DOI: 10.1504/IJECB.2013.056521

A. Abdel-Wahab, V. Silberschmidt

A mechanical behaviour of bone tissues is defined by mechanical properties of its microstructural constituents. Also, those properties are important as an input for finite-element models of cortical bone to simulate its deformation and fracture behaviours at the microstructural level. The aim of this study was to investigate a post-yield behaviour of osteonal cortical bone’s microstructural constituents at different loading rates, maximum load levels and dwell times; nanoindentation with a spherical-diamond-tip indenter was employed to determine it. The nanoindentation results revealed significant difference in stiffness values of cortical bone’s microstructural features –interstitial matrix and osteons. Similarly, interstitial matrix exhibited a stiffer post-yield behaviour compared to that of osteons that reflects the relationship between the post-yield behaviour and collagen maturity. In addition, both osteons and interstitial matrix demonstrated a time-dependent behaviour. However, in order to assess elastic-plastic behaviour accurately, an effect of viscosity on nanoindentation results was reduced by using a time-delay method.

骨组织的力学行为是由其微观结构成分的力学特性来定义的。此外，这些特性作为皮质骨有限元模型的输入是重要的，可以在微观结构水平上模拟其变形和断裂行为。本研究的目的是研究骨皮质骨的微观结构成分在不同加载速率、最大加载水平和停留时间下的屈服后行为;采用球形金刚石尖压头进行纳米压痕测定。纳米压痕结果显示，皮质骨的显微结构特征-间质基质和骨的刚度值存在显著差异。同样，与骨相比，间质基质表现出更硬的屈服后行为，这反映了屈服后行为与胶原成熟度之间的关系。此外，骨细胞和间质基质均表现出时间依赖性。然而，为了准确地评估弹塑性行为，使用延时方法降低了粘度对纳米压痕结果的影响。

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引用次数: 2

Influence of surrounding tissues on biomechanics of aortic wall. 周围组织对主动脉壁生物力学的影响

International journal of experimental and computational biomechanics

Pub Date : 2013-09-01 DOI: 10.1504/IJECB.2013.056516

Jungsil Kim, Brooke Peruski, Chris Hunley, Sebastian Kwon, Seungik Baek

The present study investigates effects of surrounding tissues and non-uniform wall thickness on the biomechanics of the thoracic aorta. We construct two idealised computational models exemplifying the importance of surrounding tissues and non-uniform wall thickness, namely the uniform-thickness model and the histology image-based model. While the former neglects a connective tissue layer surrounding the aorta, the latter takes it into account with non-uniform wall thickness. Using plane strain finite element analysis, stress distributions in the aortic media between the two models are compared. The histology image-based model substantially enhances the uniformity of stress throughout the aortic media. Furthermore, the altered mechanical properties of surrounding tissues change the stress distribution. These results suggest that surrounding tissues and non-uniform wall thickness should be included in biomechanical analysis to better understand regional adaptation of the aortic wall during normal physiological conditions or pathological conditions such as aortic aneurysms and dissections.

本研究探讨了周围组织和非均匀壁厚对胸主动脉生物力学的影响。我们构建了两个理想化的计算模型来说明周围组织和非均匀壁厚的重要性，即均匀厚度模型和基于组织学图像的模型。前者忽略了主动脉周围的结缔组织层，而后者则考虑到了非均匀壁厚。通过平面应变有限元分析，比较了两种模型在主动脉介质中的应力分布。基于组织学图像的模型大大提高了整个主动脉介质的应力均匀性。此外，周围组织机械性能的改变也改变了应力分布。这些结果表明，应将周围组织和非均匀壁厚纳入生物力学分析，以更好地了解主动脉壁在正常生理条件或病理条件（如主动脉瘤和主动脉夹层）下的区域适应性。

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引用次数: 0

The path to developing realistic finite element long bone models 开发逼真的长骨有限元模型的途径

International journal of experimental and computational biomechanics

Pub Date : 2012-10-16 DOI: 10.1504/IJECB.2012.049775

A. Au, A. Amirfazli

Current computational capabilities allow for rapid construction of finite element (FE) models but do not guarantee representative models. Simplifications to FE models are necessary because of computational limitations and scarcity of physiological data. With proper modelling and validation, FE models can progress from the realm of parametric studies to clinical applicability. It is often unclear, in the preliminary stages of FE model development, what simplifications are suitable without sacrificing solution accuracy and clinical relevance. This paper presents a technique to create proper FE long bone models for those wanting to develop their own studies. It highlights four important parameters (geometry, material properties, loading conditions, validation) that must be carefully considered and presents a number of methods to aid in achieving proper representation of each parameter. Knee bones are used as an example but the technique can be extended to reconstruct different long bones in the human body with some adjustments.

目前的计算能力允许快速构建有限元(FE)模型，但不能保证具有代表性的模型。由于计算限制和生理数据的稀缺性，对有限元模型进行简化是必要的。通过适当的建模和验证，有限元模型可以从参数研究领域发展到临床应用。在FE模型开发的初步阶段，通常不清楚在不牺牲溶液准确性和临床相关性的情况下，什么样的简化是合适的。本文介绍了一种建立合适的有限元长骨模型的技术，供那些想要开展自己的研究的人使用。它强调了必须仔细考虑的四个重要参数(几何形状、材料属性、加载条件、验证)，并提出了一些方法来帮助实现每个参数的适当表示。虽然以膝关节为例，但该技术可以通过一些调整扩展到重建人体不同的长骨。

引用次数: 0

Cell contraction of an elastic substrate assessed by an axisymmetric model 用轴对称模型评估弹性基底的细胞收缩

International journal of experimental and computational biomechanics

Pub Date : 2012-10-16 DOI: 10.1504/IJECB.2012.049780

M. Kroon

In the present paper, a computational model for cell contraction of an elastic substrate is proposed. Axisymmetry is assumed and the cell is represented by its contractile apparatus, which is taken to consist of radially oriented stress fibres. The constitutive behaviour of the contractile apparatus is modelled by use of a strain energy function, and contraction of stress fibres is modelled by giving them a different natural configuration compared with the underlying elastic substrate. The model was compared with experiments, in which fibroblasts were put on an elastic substrate. The contracted cell radius depends on the stiffness of the elastic substrate, and model predictions were compared with the experimental results for different values of the stiffness of the elastic substrate. The model also predicts that the contraction of the cell tends to cause a small crater below the cell, which is qualitatively in agreement with experimental observations.

本文提出了弹性衬底单元收缩的计算模型。假定轴对称，细胞由其收缩装置表示，该装置由径向取向的应力纤维组成。收缩装置的本构行为是通过使用应变能函数来模拟的，而应力纤维的收缩是通过赋予它们与底层弹性基材不同的自然配置来模拟的。将该模型与成纤维细胞置于弹性基质上的实验进行比较。收缩单元半径取决于弹性基板的刚度，并将模型预测值与不同弹性基板刚度值的实验结果进行了比较。该模型还预测，电池的收缩倾向于在电池下方造成一个小陨石坑，这在定性上与实验观察一致。

引用次数: 0

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