Burnout research最新文献

The variable-oriented approach has dominated empirical burnout research, but during the last 10 years a person-oriented approach to burnout has also become common. The aim of this systematic literature review was to identify, categorize and evaluate the empirical research to date that has adopted a person-oriented approach to burnout. The results of these studies were then compared with those generated by variable-oriented burnout research. An electronic search of seven databases was conducted in spring 2015. Initially 470 publications were identified, 24 of which met the selection criteria. The reviewed articles were categorized into three groups based on their research target(s): (1) intra-individual patterns of burnout symptoms (i.e., types of burnout) (42%), (2) intra-individual development of burnout over time (i.e., burnout trajectories) (33%), and (3) patterns of well-being indicators within individuals (i.e., well-being types) (33%). The typical burnout types and trajectories identified by person-oriented research were largely parallel with the information produced by variable-oriented research, but also brought out the heterogeneity of the burnout experience by revealing atypical burnout and well-being types and individual developmental trajectories. The advantages, along with the challenges, of taking a person-oriented approach are discussed. Based on the study designs, methodologies, and main findings of the reviewed studies, five avenues for future person-oriented burnout studies are proposed.

Research suggests that mental health workers are at high risk for burnout, and that burnout can increase staff turnover and reduce quality of care. The Veterans Administration (VA) employs over 3000 psychiatrists across the United States, but little is known about burnout in this population. This study was conducted to examine predictors of burnout and intent to leave the VA among a national sample of VA psychiatrists. Participants (N = 125) responded to an anonymous online survey. Regression analyses were used to examine relationships between workplace variables, patient characteristics, and burnout as measured by the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey – which includes sub-scales for cynicism, exhaustion, and professional efficacy – as well as intent to leave the VA. Based on established cut-off scores, 90% of the sample reported high cynicism, 86% reported high exhaustion, and 74% reported high professional efficacy. High cynicism predicted the intent to leave the VA (p = .004). Not feeling part of a coherent team predicted greater cynicism (p = .01), and patient characteristics such as suspected malingering showed a positive trend with cynicism (p = .05). Workplace characteristics such as unfair treatment by supervisors (p = .03) and insufficient resources (p = .001) predicted greater exhaustion. The current findings suggest that burnout is prevalent in the VA psychiatry workforce. Specific administrative measures to reduce burnout may have potential to improve the emotional health of that workforce and ensure high quality of care for the veteran population it serves. The size of both the VA psychiatry workforce and patient population underscores the importance of greater understanding of burnout as it occurs in the VA.

Working with severe trauma in the clinical field predisposes the clinician to the possible vulnerabilities caused by burnout. Clinicians working in this field, may feel overwhelmed, become symptomatic, and experience disruptions in their professional and personal relationships due to burnout. These reactions can be minimized and prevented if the clinician applies adaptive ways of coping with burnout. This paper offers practical advice on how to counteract burnout in professionals working in the helping professions, and specifically with survivors of severe traumatic experiences.

This mixed-method study examined burnout profiles: statistically generated configurations reflecting relative levels of the three MBI-based burnout dimensions – exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal achievement – within individuals. These profiles, based on quantitative ratings, were examined in parallel with open-ended employee comments in the same survey (a large organizational census in the USA Veterans Administration; N = 179,271). We were able to distinguish between the quantitatively defined profiles based on the raw data of the comments. Summary themes (derived from comment data through content analysis) did not differentiate between the profiles. We discuss the conceptual and pragmatic and implications and recommendations for future research.

According to the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) model, burnout and engagement are psychological reactions that develop when individual characteristics interact with work characteristics. This study tests the JD-R model using multilevel analysis to test the main and moderating effects of teamwork effectiveness among 1156 nurses in 93 departments from seven European countries. Workload, emotional and organizational demands were positively associated with emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and negatively with vigor. Emotional and organizational demands were negatively associated with dedication. Teamwork effectiveness was positively associated with engagement. We found no evidence for the moderating effect of teamwork effectiveness in reducing individual perceptions of demands.

Background/aim

Occupational health largely depends on the perceived fit between the employee's abilities and workplace demands/factors. The Areas of Worklife Scale (AWS) specifies six areas that are particularly relevant in this respect: workload, control, reward, community, fairness, and values. The current article aimed at investigating the factorial structure and the criterion validity of the German translation of the AWS.

Methods

Data were collected in two samples. In study 1, 1455 public service workers were surveyed using the six areas of worklife and well-being. In study 2, to investigate the well-established relationship between the AWS and burnout, the scale was administered to a nursing sample (N = 443).

Results

High internal consistencies for all six scales were obtained in both studies. Exploratory as well as confirmatory factor analysis replicated the theoretically assumed six scale structure of the AWS. Evidence of criterion validity was found by multiple linear regression analysis with well-being as dependent measure (study 1). SEM analyses supported the hypothesized relationships between the six AWS dimensions and burnout (study 2). As predicted by Leiter and Maslach, 2004, Leiter and Maslach, 2009, only some areas were directly associated with the health-related outcomes (well-being and burnout). In line with previous work, workload and values proved to be the most critical areas of worklife.

Conclusions

The six areas of worklife have been shown to be significant predictors of health-related outcomes. Based on the current studies, the German translation of the AWS can be proposed as a reliable and valid instrument to identify and specify critical work-related areas for occupational health.

With strong empirical evidence existing for conflicting models, the nature of burnout and engagement continues to be debated. Scholars have recognized the need to theoretically clarify the nature of the burnout–engagement relationship in order to advance empirical research related to both topics. The purpose of this paper is to reconcile existing perspectives through an alternative approach that provides an alternate view of burnout and engagement based on dialectical theory. Implications for common theories used to study burnout and engagement are discussed, followed by suggestions and models for future research utilizing dialectics.

Introduction

Previous studies describe nursing as an occupation with a high-risk for burnout. However, less attention has been paid to the individual factors underlying this psychological syndrome.

Aim

This study aims to contribute to the limited body of evidence concerning Type D personality and burnout in nursing. To investigate this topic, we examined Type D personality, stress and burnout within the nursing profession, while taking the organisational and job-related elements into account.

Method

During this cross-sectional study, data were collected using self-report questionnaires. The 222 nurses who participated were selected from 12 general hospitals across Antwerp, Belgium. The departments and nurses surveyed were selected at random and sub-divided into six nursing specialty areas.

Results

Type D personality ranged from 23% in medical and surgical units, up to 36% in paediatric units. In addition, even when corrected for organisational and job-related factors, nurses with Type D personality were five times more likely to have a high risk for burnout.

Conclusion

This study suggested that Type D is a vulnerable personality in nurses for the development of burnout. Consequently, it might be advisable to target this individual factor in prevention programmes.