Pub Date : 2020-07-14DOI: 10.1504/IJMBS.2020.108687
D. Bigo, Lina Ewert, E. Kuskonmaz
This article aims to discuss the interoperability controversy in the EU that followed the 2015 Paris attacks. Supported by visual methods, it analyses the historical developments of the databases that aim at facilitating migration and crime control in the area of Justice and Home Affairs (JHA). In so doing, it seeks to trace the paradox on freedom, technology, and surveillance since the Schengen area was established in the '90s, whereby the discourse on the freedom of movement (both as the rights of citizens and migrants crossing borders) has been reframed by the security reasoning using technological solutions. It critiques the technical framework within which the interoperability plans have been framed.
{"title":"The interoperability controversy or how to fail successfully: lessons from Europe","authors":"D. Bigo, Lina Ewert, E. Kuskonmaz","doi":"10.1504/IJMBS.2020.108687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJMBS.2020.108687","url":null,"abstract":"This article aims to discuss the interoperability controversy in the EU that followed the 2015 Paris attacks. Supported by visual methods, it analyses the historical developments of the databases that aim at facilitating migration and crime control in the area of Justice and Home Affairs (JHA). In so doing, it seeks to trace the paradox on freedom, technology, and surveillance since the Schengen area was established in the '90s, whereby the discourse on the freedom of movement (both as the rights of citizens and migrants crossing borders) has been reframed by the security reasoning using technological solutions. It critiques the technical framework within which the interoperability plans have been framed.","PeriodicalId":90549,"journal":{"name":"International journal of migration and border studies","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJMBS.2020.108687","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41621366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-13DOI: 10.1504/IJMBS.2020.10028677
Christina Oelgemöller, L. A. D. Vries, K. Groenendijk
There is now a large literature discussing 'Fortress Europe' and the character of the Schengen Area, especially how it has established freedom of movement inside at the expense of easy access from the outside. This article challenges this metaphor by going back to the early negotiations around Schengen and shedding light on some of the concerns raised at the time regarding 'compensatory measures', the un/desirable and technological solutions. We do so through a genealogical reading of documents from two different but related archival sources that allows insight into the perceptions of policy-makers at the time when Schengen was negotiated, now that these documents have become partially accessible. We show that consensus around the freedom and regulation of movement internally and control of access at the boundaries was crafted simultaneously - rather than as a 'compensatory measure' - and in the context of efforts to identify the un/desirable and find technological solutions to the 'problem' of free movement. We also discuss how this has transformed our understanding of the place and meaning of freedom of movement such that today it is both taken for granted and under attack.
{"title":"The crafting of a paradox: Schengen inside and out","authors":"Christina Oelgemöller, L. A. D. Vries, K. Groenendijk","doi":"10.1504/IJMBS.2020.10028677","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJMBS.2020.10028677","url":null,"abstract":"There is now a large literature discussing 'Fortress Europe' and the character of the Schengen Area, especially how it has established freedom of movement inside at the expense of easy access from the outside. This article challenges this metaphor by going back to the early negotiations around Schengen and shedding light on some of the concerns raised at the time regarding 'compensatory measures', the un/desirable and technological solutions. We do so through a genealogical reading of documents from two different but related archival sources that allows insight into the perceptions of policy-makers at the time when Schengen was negotiated, now that these documents have become partially accessible. We show that consensus around the freedom and regulation of movement internally and control of access at the boundaries was crafted simultaneously - rather than as a 'compensatory measure' - and in the context of efforts to identify the un/desirable and find technological solutions to the 'problem' of free movement. We also discuss how this has transformed our understanding of the place and meaning of freedom of movement such that today it is both taken for granted and under attack.","PeriodicalId":90549,"journal":{"name":"International journal of migration and border studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44175770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-11DOI: 10.1504/ijmbs.2020.10030062
D. Bigo
Smart borders, intelligent systems of filtering travelers by detecting suspects of crime and terrorism through interoperable national data bases and regional agreements are proliferating. In the European Union it began with the Schengen Information System. SIS-VIS-EURODAC, EES, ETIAS, ECRIS are acronyms for different realizations and projects of Entry and Exit Systems, of pre-frontiers zone, of policy checks regarding police, immigration and asylum, tracing people and scoring the degree to which they can be suspected to be illegal or criminal. Security stakes have been technologized. This is a profound reconfiguration of the different regional fields of security professionals with the emergence of a transnational guild regrouping data analysts, civil engineers on IT systems and border controls, changing de facto who is deciding the limits between security and insecurity, risk and fate. This importance of the online -virtual regarding the off-line-actual is affecting freedom and criminal justice.
{"title":"The socio-genesis of a guild of 'digital technologies' justifying transnational interoperable databases in the name of security and border purposes: a reframing of the field of security professionals","authors":"D. Bigo","doi":"10.1504/ijmbs.2020.10030062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijmbs.2020.10030062","url":null,"abstract":"Smart borders, intelligent systems of filtering travelers by detecting suspects of crime and terrorism through interoperable national data bases and regional agreements are proliferating. In the European Union it began with the Schengen Information System. SIS-VIS-EURODAC, EES, ETIAS, ECRIS are acronyms for different realizations and projects of Entry and Exit Systems, of pre-frontiers zone, of policy checks regarding police, immigration and asylum, tracing people and scoring the degree to which they can be suspected to be illegal or criminal. Security stakes have been technologized. This is a profound reconfiguration of the different regional fields of security professionals with the emergence of a transnational guild regrouping data analysts, civil engineers on IT systems and border controls, changing de facto who is deciding the limits between security and insecurity, risk and fate. This importance of the online -virtual regarding the off-line-actual is affecting freedom and criminal justice.","PeriodicalId":90549,"journal":{"name":"International journal of migration and border studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45564931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.1504/ijmbs.2020.10029677
Denis Gorbatkin, S. Shamai, S. Arnon, A. Vitman
{"title":"Perception of the periphery by its residents of different cultural backgrounds in Israel","authors":"Denis Gorbatkin, S. Shamai, S. Arnon, A. Vitman","doi":"10.1504/ijmbs.2020.10029677","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijmbs.2020.10029677","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":90549,"journal":{"name":"International journal of migration and border studies","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66692772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.1504/ijmbs.2020.108688
Médéric Martin Mazé
{"title":"The power elite of security research in Europe: from competitiveness and external stability to dataveillance and societal security","authors":"Médéric Martin Mazé","doi":"10.1504/ijmbs.2020.108688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijmbs.2020.108688","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":90549,"journal":{"name":"International journal of migration and border studies","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/ijmbs.2020.108688","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66692918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.1504/ijmbs.2020.113951
M. Klajn
{"title":"Political meanings of national belonging: tracing the evolution of 'Polishness' in the Third Republic of Poland","authors":"M. Klajn","doi":"10.1504/ijmbs.2020.113951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijmbs.2020.113951","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":90549,"journal":{"name":"International journal of migration and border studies","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66692940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.1504/ijmbs.2020.10033403
C. Donoso
{"title":"Securitisation of female asylum seekers and healthcare in detention centres in Texas","authors":"C. Donoso","doi":"10.1504/ijmbs.2020.10033403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijmbs.2020.10033403","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":90549,"journal":{"name":"International journal of migration and border studies","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66692845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.1504/ijmbs.2020.10031927
M. Klajn
Recent years have been marked by the rise of populist anti-immigrant movements throughout the world. Poland has become one of the most notorious anti-immigration states in the European Union, with its current government continuously calling for stricter border controls and systematically embracing a hard-line nationalist discourse. The concept of 'Polishness', or Polish national identity, is frequently used to legitimise political decision-making and belief in protection of a socio-cultural homogeneity fuels discussions for securitisation of the national borders. This article analyses the evolution of the meaning of Polishness and its instrumentalisation in the political discussions about border protection in the Third Republic of Poland. Deploying critical discourse analysis in examination of the Polish Sejm parliamentary debates on border-related laws 1989-2018, this paper links the political discussions about the physical national borders with the broader political discourse of Polishness and national belonging.
{"title":"Political meanings of national belonging: tracing the evolution of Polishness in the Third Republic of\u0000Poland","authors":"M. Klajn","doi":"10.1504/ijmbs.2020.10031927","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijmbs.2020.10031927","url":null,"abstract":"Recent years have been marked by the rise of populist anti-immigrant movements throughout the world. Poland has become one of the most notorious anti-immigration states in the European Union, with its current government continuously calling for stricter border controls and systematically embracing a hard-line nationalist discourse. The concept of 'Polishness', or Polish national identity, is frequently used to legitimise political decision-making and belief in protection of a socio-cultural homogeneity fuels discussions for securitisation of the national borders. This article analyses the evolution of the meaning of Polishness and its instrumentalisation in the political discussions about border protection in the Third Republic of Poland. Deploying critical discourse analysis in examination of the Polish Sejm parliamentary debates on border-related laws 1989-2018, this paper links the political discussions about the physical national borders with the broader political discourse of Polishness and national belonging.","PeriodicalId":90549,"journal":{"name":"International journal of migration and border studies","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66692793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.1504/IJMBS.2020.10035060
Glenda Garelli, M. Tazzioli
{"title":"Rescuing, kidnapping, and criminalising. Migration containment in the Mediterranean","authors":"Glenda Garelli, M. Tazzioli","doi":"10.1504/IJMBS.2020.10035060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJMBS.2020.10035060","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":90549,"journal":{"name":"International journal of migration and border studies","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66692869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.1504/ijmbs.2020.10028492
Sebastian Larsson
{"title":"The civil paradox: Swedish arms production and export and the role of emerging security technologies","authors":"Sebastian Larsson","doi":"10.1504/ijmbs.2020.10028492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijmbs.2020.10028492","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":90549,"journal":{"name":"International journal of migration and border studies","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66692046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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