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Exploring Assessment of Situational Intelligibility in Children with and without Speech-Language Disorders 言语语言障碍和非言语语言障碍儿童情境智力评估的探讨
Pub Date : 2022-06-15 DOI: 10.5539/jedp.v12n2p12
Debra L. Burnett, Kristin M Pelczarski, A. B. Smit
Parents of young children typically respond to their child’s communications with language that is syntactically and semantically appropriate to what the child said. However, parents of children with speech-language disorders (SLD) may not always understand their child and so may not respond to the child’s communication attempts in a language-promoting manner. The goal of the present study is to explore the use of a new questionnaire about children’s situational intelligibility, the Caregiver/Parent Understanding-the-Child Questionnaire (CPUCQ). The CPUCQ asks parents to respond to 31 common communication situations, ranging from saying “Thank you” to telling a story. Parents indicate the child’s mode of communication in each situation (Speech only, Speech plus gesture, Gesture only, or Child does not do this), and they also rate how well they understand the child. The CPUCQ and various language measures were administered to 54 typically developing (TD) children and 34 children with SLD in the age range 2;0 – 6;8. Both groups showed developmental change over the age range in the mode of communication and in the understandability ratings. Further study of the CPUCQ as an assessment instrument is warranted, particularly as it may provide valuable information that can be used clinically to determine treatment goals.
年幼孩子的父母通常会用与孩子所说的在句法和语义上都合适的语言来回应孩子的交流。然而,言语语言障碍(SLD)儿童的父母可能并不总是理解他们的孩子,因此可能不会以促进语言的方式对孩子的沟通尝试做出反应。本研究的目的是探索一种关于儿童情境可理解性的新问卷——照顾者/父母理解儿童问卷(CPUCQ)的使用。CPUCQ要求家长对31种常见的沟通情况做出回应,从说“谢谢”到讲故事。父母指出孩子在每种情况下的沟通模式(仅言语、言语加手势、仅手势或孩子不这样做),并评估他们对孩子的理解程度。对54名典型发育中(TD)儿童和34名2岁SLD儿童进行了CPUCQ和各种语言测量;0–6;8.两组在沟通方式和理解能力评分方面都表现出随年龄段的发展变化。有必要对CPUCQ作为一种评估工具进行进一步研究,特别是因为它可以提供有价值的信息,可用于临床确定治疗目标。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of Mindfulness Intervention on Inattentive Behaviors in Children at Risk for ADHD: A Single-Subject Study 正念干预对有多动症风险儿童不注意行为的影响:一项单主题研究
Pub Date : 2022-05-31 DOI: 10.5539/jedp.v12n2p1
Jibo Li, Gemin Huang, Yingying Chen
Mindfulness is the increased awareness that arises when we pay attention on purpose to the present non-judgmentally. To investigate the influence of mindfulness on inattentive behaviors in children at risk for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), a single-subject A-B-A reversal experimental design was adopted in which two children at risk for ADHD received 6-week mindfulness training, with 20-30 minutes per session and 3-4 times per week. The results based on visual analysis, C-statistics, and social validity analysis showed that mindfulness training was effective in reducing the duration of inattentive behaviors in children at risk for ADHD, and that the training could improve the function of the attention network in these children, which could be reflected in the increased efficiency in the vigilance network and the executive function network.
正念是指当我们有目的地不加评判地关注当下时,意识的增强。为了研究正念对有注意力缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)风险的儿童注意力不集中行为的影响,采用单受试者a-B-a逆转实验设计,两名有注意力缺陷多动症风险的儿童接受为期6周的正念训练,每次20-30分钟,每周3-4次。基于视觉分析、C统计量和社会有效性分析的结果表明,正念训练在减少多动症风险儿童注意力不集中行为的持续时间方面是有效的,并且训练可以改善这些儿童的注意力网络功能,这可以反映在警戒网络和执行功能网络中效率的提高上。
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引用次数: 0
Psychological Perspectives of Participation in Physical Activity and Sports among Persons with Mobility Impairments 行动障碍人士参与体育活动的心理观点
Pub Date : 2022-04-28 DOI: 10.5539/jedp.v12n1p86
Y. Hutzler, Michelle R. Zitomer
The purpose of this integrative review is to synthesize the scientific literature referring to barriers and facilitators of physical activity participation for individuals with mobility impairments. Using EBSCO and Google Scholar search engines, peer-reviewed articles published in English between 2000-2019 were screened. After extracting research-based articles focusing on participants with mobility limitations 46 articles were retrieved, including eight intervention studies. The outcomes reported in these studies were synthesized referring to theoretical approaches including the theory of reasoned action, the transtheoretical model of change, and self-efficacy theory. A thematic analysis was conducted on study contents. The following categories were constructed. (a) Personal factors, with secondary categories: personal medical condition, personal psychological perception of physical activity practice, and self-efficacy; (b) environmental factors, with secondary categories: physical environment and social environment, each of them also containing tertiary categories, and (c) interventions aimed at increasing physical activity. Practices promoting physical activity participation were recommended.
这篇综合综述的目的是综合有关行动障碍者参与体育活动的障碍和促进因素的科学文献。使用EBSCO和谷歌学者搜索引擎,对2000-2019年间以英语发表的同行评审文章进行了筛选。在提取了以行动受限参与者为重点的研究性文章后,检索到46篇文章,其中包括8项干预研究。这些研究中报告的结果是参考理论方法综合的,包括理性行动理论、跨理论的变化模型和自我效能理论。对研究内容进行了专题分析。构建了以下类别。(a) 个人因素,分为二类:个人医疗状况、个人对体育活动实践的心理感知和自我效能;(b) 环境因素,第二类:物理环境和社会环境,每一类也包含第三类,以及(c)旨在增加体力活动的干预措施。建议采取促进参与体育活动的做法。
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引用次数: 0
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Educational and Developmental Psychology, Vol. 12, No. 1 《教育与发展心理学杂志》第12卷第1期审稿人致谢
Pub Date : 2022-04-28 DOI: 10.5539/jedp.v12n1p102
Carol Wong
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Educational and Developmental Psychology, Vol. 12, No. 1, 2022.
《教育与发展心理学杂志》2022年第12卷第1期的审稿人致谢。
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引用次数: 0
Early Intervention for an At-Risk 16-Month Old Using Visual Communication Analysis (VCA) Leads to Gifted Performance 使用视觉交流分析(VCA)对一名16个月大的高危儿童进行早期干预,从而获得天才表现
Pub Date : 2022-04-19 DOI: 10.5539/jedp.v12n1p76
Gary Shkedy, Dalia Shkedy, A. H. Sandoval-Norton
Many developmental screeners focus heavily on receptive and expressive language skills, and the extent to which an infant can maneuver their environment. Research with young children typically involve motor skills, language, and occasionally simple procedural or problem solving tasks. The current study explores skills infants are expected to attain, and other skills that have never been tested in an infant who is considered “at-risk” due to moderate developmental delays.  Researchers collected data via specialized VCA software, video recordings, and the Vineland-3 pre- and post-study. The participant improved in all areas measured by the Vineland-3. Additionally, despite the participant being introduced to novel and progressively more difficult tasks, his average attention span throughout the entirety of the study was significantly longer than previous research suggests for infants. Researchers also implemented the detour box as a gross measure of frontal function. The participant successfully completed the detour task and multi-step problem solving. 
许多发育筛查者主要关注接受和表达语言的技能,以及婴儿在多大程度上能够驾驭环境。针对幼儿的研究通常涉及运动技能、语言,偶尔还涉及简单的程序性或问题解决任务。目前的研究探索了婴儿有望获得的技能,以及从未在因中度发育迟缓而被认为“有风险”的婴儿身上测试过的其他技能。研究人员通过专门的VCA软件、视频记录以及Vineland-3研究前后收集数据。参与者在Vineland-3测量的所有领域都有所改善。此外,尽管参与者被介绍了新的、越来越困难的任务,但他在整个研究中的平均注意力持续时间明显长于之前的研究对婴儿的研究。研究人员还将迂回框作为额叶功能的粗略测量。参与者成功完成了绕行任务和多步骤问题解决。
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引用次数: 1
Do Preschoolers and Adults Think That Academic and Athletic Abilities are Inherited? A Pilot Study 学龄前儿童和成年人认为学习和运动能力是遗传的吗?初步研究
Pub Date : 2022-03-11 DOI: 10.5539/jedp.v12n1p71
L. Raman
The following study examined if preschoolers and adults think that certain academic and athletic abilities are inherited or determined by the environment. Twenty-one preschoolers and 28 adults were presented with 9 switched-at-birth vignettes (math, reading, science, language, music, art, gymnastics, soccer and swimming) where in certain cases the birth parents were good at a task and in other situations the adoptive parents were good at a task. Participants had to decide if their child would resemble the birth parents or the adoptive parents in their abilities. The results suggest that overall there are no significant differences between preschoolers and adults reason in the way they reason about the role of inheritance in the area of academics, arts, and athletics. However, the one domain where there was a significant grade difference between preschoolers and adults was in the area of academics (math, reading and science) with adults attributing inheritance as being more responsible for abilities in this area. Overall these results suggest that there is no significant difference in the way preschoolers and adults reason about the inheritance of these abilities.
接下来的研究调查了学龄前儿童和成年人是否认为某些学术和运动能力是遗传的还是由环境决定的。研究人员向21名学龄前儿童和28名成年人展示了9个出生时互换的小片段(数学、阅读、科学、语言、音乐、艺术、体操、足球和游泳),在某些情况下,生父母擅长某项任务,在其他情况下,养父母擅长某项任务。参与者必须决定他们的孩子在能力上是否与亲生父母或养父母相似。结果表明,总体而言,学龄前儿童和成年人在学术、艺术和体育领域对遗传作用的推理方式没有显著差异。然而,学龄前儿童和成年人之间存在显著年级差异的一个领域是学术领域(数学、阅读和科学),成年人认为遗传对这一领域的能力负有更大的责任。总的来说,这些结果表明,学龄前儿童和成年人对这些能力遗传的理解没有显著差异。
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引用次数: 0
Response Patterns to a Syllogistic Categorical Reasoning Task with Abstract Groups 具有抽象群的Syllost分类推理任务的响应模式
Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.5539/jedp.v12n1p63
Joosep Olop, Eve Kikas
The current study examined response patterns of young adults (N = 861) to a particular syllogism with abstract categories that contained the fallacy of the undistributed middle. Participants had to evaluate all given conclusions. Results showed that, despite being invalid, conclusions that used the word “some” were more likely to be selected as valid or possible compared to conclusions that used “all” or “none”. In addition, we also analyzed participants’ solutions to the task at the individual level (i.e., all evaluations to conclusions that contained the end terms). The aim was to detect dominant patterns. Results showed five dominant patterns. The significance of these findings and limitations are discussed.
目前的研究考察了年轻人(N=861)对一个特定三段论的反应模式,该三段论具有包含未分配中间谬误的抽象类别。参与者必须评估所有给出的结论。结果表明,尽管使用了“一些”一词的结论是无效的,但与使用“全部”或“无”的结论相比,使用“一些”的结论更有可能被选为有效或可能的结论。此外,我们还分析了参与者在个人层面上对任务的解决方案(即,对包含最终条件的结论的所有评估)。目的是检测主要模式。结果显示有五种显性模式。讨论了这些发现的意义和局限性。
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引用次数: 0
Change in Students’ Educational Expectations – A Meta-Analysis 学生教育期望的变化——一项元分析
Pub Date : 2022-02-16 DOI: 10.5539/jedp.v12n1p43
M. Pinquart, Martin Pietzsch
Data from the U.S. and Canada indicate that students’ educational expectations are often unrealistically high. Thus, the present meta-analysis tested whether students tend to decrease, on average, their educational expectations from childhood to emerging adulthood. A systematic search in the electronic databases ERIC, PsycInfo, PSYNDEX, and Web of Science identified 91 longitudinal studies the results of which were integrated with multi-level meta-analysis. While expectations about the highest future educational degree showed very small declines per year (of g = -.02 standard deviation units), the mean yearly decline of expectations about future grades was estimated to be g = -.73. Moderator analysis found a decline in expectations about the final degree only in studies from the U.S. and Canada—countries with the highest gap between expectation and future educational attainment. In addition, change in expectations about the final degree varied by age, with the strongest decline being observed around the age of 20 years. We conclude that positive expectations about the final educational attainment often tend to persist over longer intervals probably due to lacking strong counter-evidence and because of indicating a desirable outcome.
来自美国和加拿大的数据表明,学生的教育期望值往往过高。因此,本荟萃分析测试了学生从童年到成年后的教育期望是否平均下降。在电子数据库ERIC、PsycInfo、PSYNDEX和Web of Science中进行的系统搜索确定了91项纵向研究,其结果与多层次荟萃分析相结合。虽然对未来最高学历的期望值每年下降幅度很小(g=-0.02标准差单位),但对未来成绩的期望值的年均下降幅度估计为g=-0.73。主持人分析发现,只有在美国和加拿大的研究中,对最终学位的期望值才会下降,这两个国家的期望值与未来教育程度之间的差距最大。此外,对最终学位的预期变化因年龄而异,20岁左右的下降幅度最大。我们得出的结论是,对最终教育程度的积极期望往往会持续更长的时间,这可能是因为缺乏强有力的反证据,也可能是因为表明了一个理想的结果。
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引用次数: 2
The Predictive Power of Emotional Intelligence in Cyberbullying among Jordanian University Students 约旦大学生情绪智力对网络欺凌的预测能力
Pub Date : 2022-01-25 DOI: 10.5539/jedp.v12n1p31
Khaled Al-Sarayra
The present study aimed to identify the predictive power of emotional intelligence in cyber violence among Jordanian university students. The researcher constructed the Cyber Violence Scale and translated the Emotional Intelligence Scale developed by Richa Jain (2015). Both scales had the appropriate indices of validity and reliability. The study sample consisted of 444 university students who participated from eight different courses to fulfill the requirements of the general college at Al-Balqa' Applied University in Jordan during the first semester of the 2016-2017 academic year. After collecting and analyzing the data, the following results emerged: The calculated mean of cyber violence among students of Al-Balqa' Applied University was 2.74 with a standard deviation of 1.32, which indicates that the level of cyber violence is in the moderate range. The overall level of emotional intelligence as well as the secondary dimensions of emotional intelligence (social skills, self-awareness, self-motivation, emotional regulation, empathy) were in the high range among students of Al-Balqa' Applied University. There was a negative correlation between the overall level of emotional intelligence dimensions as well as the secondary dimensions of emotional intelligence (self-awareness, emotional regulation, self-motivation, empathy, social skills) and cyber violence. Emotional intelligence dimensions accounted for 18% of cyber violence. Self-motivation and emotional regulation were the two most significant predictors of cyber violence.
本研究旨在确定约旦大学生情绪智力对网络暴力的预测能力。研究者构建了网络暴力量表,并翻译了Richa Jain(2015)开发的情绪智力量表。两种量表均有相应的效度和信度指标。研究样本由444名大学生组成,他们在2016-2017学年的第一学期参加了8门不同的课程,以满足约旦Al-Balqa应用大学普通学院的要求。通过对数据的收集和分析,得出以下结果:Al-Balqa应用大学学生网络暴力的计算平均值为2.74,标准差为1.32,表明网络暴力的程度处于中等范围。巴尔卡应用大学学生的情商总体水平和情商次级维度(社交技能、自我意识、自我激励、情绪调节、共情)均处于较高水平。情绪智力各维度的总体水平以及情绪智力的次级维度(自我意识、情绪调节、自我激励、共情、社交技能)与网络暴力之间存在负相关。情绪智力维度占网络暴力的18%。自我激励和情绪调节是网络暴力的两个最重要的预测因子。
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引用次数: 0
Effects of Cognitive Training upon Working Memory in Individuals with ADHD: An Overview of the Literature 认知训练对ADHD患者工作记忆的影响:文献综述
Pub Date : 2022-01-19 DOI: 10.5539/jedp.v12n1p21
Luísa Superbia-Guimarães, Stéphanie Mariz-Elsig, V. Camos
Commercial cognitive training programs have been proposed as a non-pharmacological treatment of ADHD-related outcomes, such as learning difficulties and academic achievement. Most of these programs focus on working memory, an essential cognitive ability sustaining nearly every conscious mental activity. In this article, we present and summarize the main studies assessing the effectiveness of such training programs on working memory. The reported studies have failed to show a positive far-transfer and long-term effect of cognitive training both in typically developing individuals and children with ADHD. In the end, we present emerging alternative approaches to the use of cognitive training to improve working memory functioning in children with ADHD.
商业认知训练计划已被提议作为adhd相关结果的非药物治疗,如学习困难和学业成绩。这些项目大多侧重于工作记忆,这是一种基本的认知能力,几乎维持着所有有意识的心理活动。在这篇文章中,我们介绍并总结了评估这些训练项目对工作记忆的有效性的主要研究。报道的研究未能显示认知训练对正常发育的个体和患有多动症的儿童都有积极的远转移和长期影响。最后,我们提出了使用认知训练来改善ADHD儿童工作记忆功能的新方法。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of educational and developmental psychology
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