Pub Date : 2017-12-01DOI: 10.4172/2324-8785.1000326
Frilling Mj, Baugh Rf, J. Oh
Extracranial meningiomas of the sphenoid sinus are extremely rare. They present a unique challenge to otolaryngologists and neurosurgeons regarding diagnosis and treatment when contiguous intracranial involvement is present. We present a case of a secondary sphenoid sinus meningioma extending from the temporal fossa and medial sphenoid ridge. Otolaryngologic endoscopic transnasal techniques are able to characterize masses of the nose and paranasal sinuses when intra and extracranial involvement is seen on imaging to further direct treatment with a lower associated morbidity than a craniotomy approach. Surgical excision of a secondary sphenoid sinus meningioma can be complicated due to frequent involvement of nearby neurovascular structures. Often, an endoscopic transnasal technique combined with a transfacial/transcranial approach is both required to achieve adequate resection of the meningioma, although complete resection is difficult.
{"title":"Sphenoid Sinus Meningioma: A Case Report with Review of Literature","authors":"Frilling Mj, Baugh Rf, J. Oh","doi":"10.4172/2324-8785.1000326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2324-8785.1000326","url":null,"abstract":"Extracranial meningiomas of the sphenoid sinus are extremely rare. They present a unique challenge to otolaryngologists and neurosurgeons regarding diagnosis and treatment when contiguous intracranial involvement is present. We present a case of a secondary sphenoid sinus meningioma extending from the temporal fossa and medial sphenoid ridge. Otolaryngologic endoscopic transnasal techniques are able to characterize masses of the nose and paranasal sinuses when intra and extracranial involvement is seen on imaging to further direct treatment with a lower associated morbidity than a craniotomy approach. Surgical excision of a secondary sphenoid sinus meningioma can be complicated due to frequent involvement of nearby neurovascular structures. Often, an endoscopic transnasal technique combined with a transfacial/transcranial approach is both required to achieve adequate resection of the meningioma, although complete resection is difficult.","PeriodicalId":90613,"journal":{"name":"Journal of otology & rhinology","volume":" ","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45014878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-01DOI: 10.4172/2324-8785.1000328
Johnson Ab, Phillipson Jd, Bright Kl, E. Ocal, Hartzell Ld
Velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) is most commonly associated with overt or submucous cleft palate. There are few reports of VPI as a symptom of Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). Here we report a novel case of delayed onset and progressive VPI as the presenting symptom leading to the diagnosis of NF1. Examination revealed nasal air emissions, hypernasality, a persistent velopharyngeal gap and multiple cafe au lait spots. Subsequent neurology consultation revealed changes on MRI consistent with NF1. She was then evaluated by neurosurgery and underwent surgery to address hydrocephalus. With time, the patient has seen improvement in speech. Primary surgical intervention for VPI was avoided. This case underscores the importance of obtaining a complete history and performing a thorough physical exam in all patients.
{"title":"Progressive Velopharyngeal Insufficiency: A Rare presenting Symptom of Neurofibromatosis Type 1","authors":"Johnson Ab, Phillipson Jd, Bright Kl, E. Ocal, Hartzell Ld","doi":"10.4172/2324-8785.1000328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2324-8785.1000328","url":null,"abstract":"Velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) is most commonly associated with overt or submucous cleft palate. There are few reports of VPI as a symptom of Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). Here we report a novel case of delayed onset and progressive VPI as the presenting symptom leading to the diagnosis of NF1. Examination revealed nasal air emissions, hypernasality, a persistent velopharyngeal gap and multiple cafe au lait spots. Subsequent neurology consultation revealed changes on MRI consistent with NF1. She was then evaluated by neurosurgery and underwent surgery to address hydrocephalus. With time, the patient has seen improvement in speech. Primary surgical intervention for VPI was avoided. This case underscores the importance of obtaining a complete history and performing a thorough physical exam in all patients.","PeriodicalId":90613,"journal":{"name":"Journal of otology & rhinology","volume":" ","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43512933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-01DOI: 10.4172/2324-8785.1000330
L. Reichert, Kevin Lin, D. Young, W. Szeremeta
Infections of the head and neck are commonly treated by otolaryngologists. Peritonsillar abscesses are a relatively frequent occurrence that can be treated on an outpatient basis, unlike other deep neck infections which typically require operative drainage. Patients are often transferred to institutions with specialist coverage, and accepting physicians must be wary of the presumed diagnosis. We present two cases of extensive deep neck infections requiring multiple operative procedures in patients who were transferred with a diagnosis of peritonsillar abscess. These cases and review of literature is a reminder to all to ensure an independent evaluation and differential diagnosis when assessing any patient.
{"title":"It’s Never Just a PTA: A Series of Deep Neck Infections with Literature Review","authors":"L. Reichert, Kevin Lin, D. Young, W. Szeremeta","doi":"10.4172/2324-8785.1000330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2324-8785.1000330","url":null,"abstract":"Infections of the head and neck are commonly treated by otolaryngologists. Peritonsillar abscesses are a relatively frequent occurrence that can be treated on an outpatient basis, unlike other deep neck infections which typically require operative drainage. Patients are often transferred to institutions with specialist coverage, and accepting physicians must be wary of the presumed diagnosis. We present two cases of extensive deep neck infections requiring multiple operative procedures in patients who were transferred with a diagnosis of peritonsillar abscess. These cases and review of literature is a reminder to all to ensure an independent evaluation and differential diagnosis when assessing any patient.","PeriodicalId":90613,"journal":{"name":"Journal of otology & rhinology","volume":" ","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44038031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-01DOI: 10.4172/2324-8785.1000327
T. Hsieh, Timbang Mr, R. Dedhia, Diaz Rc
Sporadic Burkitt’s lymphoma (BL) is a highly aggressive B cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma that comprises 30 percent of non-endemic pediatric lymphomas. When found in extranodal locations of the head and neck, BL most commonly presents as a unifocal mass in the maxilla and mandible. We present the first case of sporadic, multifocal BL presenting concurrently in the temporal bone and parapharyngeal space.
{"title":"Multifocal Sporadic Burkitt’s Lymphoma Involving Temporal Bone and Parapharyngeal Space","authors":"T. Hsieh, Timbang Mr, R. Dedhia, Diaz Rc","doi":"10.4172/2324-8785.1000327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2324-8785.1000327","url":null,"abstract":"Sporadic Burkitt’s lymphoma (BL) is a highly aggressive B cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma that comprises 30 percent of non-endemic pediatric lymphomas. When found in extranodal locations of the head and neck, BL most commonly presents as a unifocal mass in the maxilla and mandible. We present the first case of sporadic, multifocal BL presenting concurrently in the temporal bone and parapharyngeal space.","PeriodicalId":90613,"journal":{"name":"Journal of otology & rhinology","volume":"2017 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41578303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-08-16DOI: 10.4172/2324-8785.1000320
Laur Cm
Fibrous histiocytoma of larynx is a rare entity. We present a 78-year-old female of benign fibrous histiocytoma of larynx what is extremely rare. Its pathology is described including arguments for benignity, and we can distinguish from malignant fibrous histiocytoma.
{"title":"Benign Fibrous Histiocytoma of Larynx, an Uncommon Finding","authors":"Laur Cm","doi":"10.4172/2324-8785.1000320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2324-8785.1000320","url":null,"abstract":"Fibrous histiocytoma of larynx is a rare entity. We present a 78-year-old female of benign fibrous histiocytoma of larynx what is extremely rare. Its pathology is described including arguments for benignity, and we can distinguish from malignant fibrous histiocytoma.","PeriodicalId":90613,"journal":{"name":"Journal of otology & rhinology","volume":" ","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43969492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-08-16DOI: 10.4172/2324-8785.1000319
J. Barney, K. Henry
The acoustic reflex (AR) is a subject that has been highly studied in the field of audiology. In fact, the physiology of the AR has been debated about since the 16th century. Historically and clinically the AR has been elicited with pure tone stimuli. In the 1970’s and 1980’s different eliciting stimuli were experimented with, such as: broadband noise (BBN), highband noise (HBN), lowband noise (LBN) and speech stimuli. The amplitude modulation of speech has made it difficult to record the acoustic reflex threshold (ART) due to the artifact that it creates on the measuring machine. When ecological validity, or the ability of the findings of the research to be applied to real-life setting, is taken into account, speech signals are the most valid of all types of stimuli that have been used to elicit the AR. In this study, three concatenated speech stimuli were created from the NU-6 word list 1-A. The words for the NU-6 word list 1-A were concatenated together to create one long speech stimuli, this was done to eliminate the impact of the artifact created by the amplitude modulation that is caused by the pauses in speech. The focus of this study was to compare the contralateral ART using the speech stimuli as the eliciting stimuli for the ART with a pure tone stimulus and different noise stimuli. Together, the findings presented here provide evidence supporting the use of the speech stimuli when measuring the ART clinically. The findings also suggest potential application and further research opportunities for noise induced hearing loss caused by self-vocalizations and a potential correlation for pure tone versus speech ART when testing individuals with central auditory processing disorders.
{"title":"The Contralateral Acoustic Reflex Threshold Using Speech Stimuli: A Comparative Study","authors":"J. Barney, K. Henry","doi":"10.4172/2324-8785.1000319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2324-8785.1000319","url":null,"abstract":"The acoustic reflex (AR) is a subject that has been highly studied in the field of audiology. In fact, the physiology of the AR has been debated about since the 16th century. Historically and clinically the AR has been elicited with pure tone stimuli. In the 1970’s and 1980’s different eliciting stimuli were experimented with, such as: broadband noise (BBN), highband noise (HBN), lowband noise (LBN) and speech stimuli. The amplitude modulation of speech has made it difficult to record the acoustic reflex threshold (ART) due to the artifact that it creates on the measuring machine. When ecological validity, or the ability of the findings of the research to be applied to real-life setting, is taken into account, speech signals are the most valid of all types of stimuli that have been used to elicit the AR. In this study, three concatenated speech stimuli were created from the NU-6 word list 1-A. The words for the NU-6 word list 1-A were concatenated together to create one long speech stimuli, this was done to eliminate the impact of the artifact created by the amplitude modulation that is caused by the pauses in speech. The focus of this study was to compare the contralateral ART using the speech stimuli as the eliciting stimuli for the ART with a pure tone stimulus and different noise stimuli. Together, the findings presented here provide evidence supporting the use of the speech stimuli when measuring the ART clinically. The findings also suggest potential application and further research opportunities for noise induced hearing loss caused by self-vocalizations and a potential correlation for pure tone versus speech ART when testing individuals with central auditory processing disorders.","PeriodicalId":90613,"journal":{"name":"Journal of otology & rhinology","volume":"2017 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46485343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-08-16DOI: 10.4172/2324-8785.1000322
I. Oliveira
It is perfectly natural to breathe through your mouth at certain times, such as when liіing a heavy load or exercising. Breathing through the mouth most of the time, however, can cause health problems. It has been well established that normal breathing should be achieved through the nose.
{"title":"Mouth Breathing and how it affects Your Health","authors":"I. Oliveira","doi":"10.4172/2324-8785.1000322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2324-8785.1000322","url":null,"abstract":"It is perfectly natural to breathe through your mouth at certain times, such as when liіing a heavy load or exercising. Breathing through the mouth most of the time, however, can cause health problems. It has been well established that normal breathing should be achieved through the nose.","PeriodicalId":90613,"journal":{"name":"Journal of otology & rhinology","volume":" ","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44631511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-08-10DOI: 10.4172/2324-8785.1000323
Baek Mk, Kim Ys, Woodring Jh, Baek Mj, Kim Dy
Objective: To determine complication rates after tracheotomy and identify associated risk factors. Methods: A retrospective electronic medical record analysis of 402 tracheotomies performed from January 2008 to December 2013 was performed. The incidences of surgical complications following tracheotomy and risk factors of complications were determined by statistical analysis using the Gil Hospital database. Results: The over net complication rate was 16.1%. Post-operative tracheostomal stenosis was identified as the most common complication (7.7%) and hemorrhage was the second most common (4.2%). A resident performed procedure was a risk factor of net complication rates and tracheostomal stenosis. The risk factors ofnet complication rates were an age of >65 years and a patient neck thickness of >23 mm.Conclusion: The risk factors of net complication rates were operator skill, a patient age of >65 years, and a patient neck thickness of >23 mm. The risk factors of tracheostomal stenosis were operator skill and a neck thickness >23 mm. These statistics indicate the need for precise and skilled procedures to reduce and prevent tracheotomy complications, and that greater care should be taken in patients aged >65 years and in those with a patient neck thickness of >23 mm.
{"title":"Morbidities and Risk Factors Associated with the Complications of Tracheotomy","authors":"Baek Mk, Kim Ys, Woodring Jh, Baek Mj, Kim Dy","doi":"10.4172/2324-8785.1000323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2324-8785.1000323","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To determine complication rates after tracheotomy and identify associated risk factors. \u0000Methods: A retrospective electronic medical record analysis of 402 tracheotomies performed from January 2008 to December 2013 was performed. The incidences of surgical complications following tracheotomy and risk factors of complications were determined by statistical analysis using the Gil Hospital database. \u0000Results: The over net complication rate was 16.1%. Post-operative tracheostomal stenosis was identified as the most common complication (7.7%) and hemorrhage was the second most common (4.2%). A resident performed procedure was a risk factor of net complication rates and tracheostomal stenosis. The risk factors ofnet complication rates were an age of >65 years and a patient neck thickness of >23 mm.Conclusion: The risk factors of net complication rates were operator skill, a patient age of >65 years, and a patient neck thickness of >23 mm. The risk factors of tracheostomal stenosis were operator skill and a neck thickness >23 mm. These statistics indicate the need for precise and skilled procedures to reduce and prevent tracheotomy complications, and that greater care should be taken in patients aged >65 years and in those with a patient neck thickness of >23 mm.","PeriodicalId":90613,"journal":{"name":"Journal of otology & rhinology","volume":" ","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49549939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-08-10DOI: 10.4172/2324-8785.1000321
S. Bilici, Gokduman Ar, O. Yigit
Objective: The aim of this study was to analyse factors that predispose patients to pharyngocutaneous fistula (PCF) in total laryngectomy, with a focus on intraoperative primary tracheooesophageal fistula (TEF) with voice prosthesis and anti-reflux prophylaxis.Methods: This retrospective cohort included 77 patients who underwent total laryngectomy (TL). Potential risk factors included intraoperative primary TEF with voice prosthesis, anti-reflux prophylaxis, previous radiotherapy (RT), diabetes mellitus, concurrently neck dissection and tumour stage.Results: The global PCF rate was 46.3%. No statistically significant difference was noted between the fistula positive and negative groups for these parameters, except for hospitalisation time.Conclusion: Anti-reflux prophylaxis was not significantly associated with the incidence of PCF. Primary TEF and voice prosthesis did not increase the incidence of PCF.
{"title":"Postlaryngectomy Pharyngocutaneous Fistula:Analysis of Possible Risk Factors","authors":"S. Bilici, Gokduman Ar, O. Yigit","doi":"10.4172/2324-8785.1000321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2324-8785.1000321","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The aim of this study was to analyse factors that predispose patients to pharyngocutaneous fistula (PCF) in total laryngectomy, with a focus on intraoperative primary tracheooesophageal fistula (TEF) with voice prosthesis and anti-reflux prophylaxis.Methods: This retrospective cohort included 77 patients who underwent total laryngectomy (TL). Potential risk factors included intraoperative primary TEF with voice prosthesis, anti-reflux prophylaxis, previous radiotherapy (RT), diabetes mellitus, concurrently neck dissection and tumour stage.Results: The global PCF rate was 46.3%. No statistically significant difference was noted between the fistula positive and negative groups for these parameters, except for hospitalisation time.Conclusion: Anti-reflux prophylaxis was not significantly associated with the incidence of PCF. Primary TEF and voice prosthesis did not increase the incidence of PCF.","PeriodicalId":90613,"journal":{"name":"Journal of otology & rhinology","volume":" ","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46656612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-08-10DOI: 10.4172/2324-8785.1000324
Baek Mk, Kim St, Jung Jh, Woodring Jh, Baek Mj, Cha He, Kang Ig
Objective: To evaluate clinical analysis and financial loss of alcohol-related maxillofacial trauma in tertiary medical center. Study design: Case series with chart review.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of maxillofacial injury patients who visited our emergency department between January 1st 2010 and December 31st 2010. Alcohol-related maxillofacial injuries were defined as cases in which the alcohol was the direct cause of the injury. The type of injury was assessed by physical and radiologic examination. We also documented the patients’ age, sex and the combined injuries along with the medical cost.Results: We assessed 441 patients with maxillofacial injury. Alcohol was the cause of the injury in the case of 82 of these patients (18.2%). Among them 75 were male (91%) and 7 were (8.5%) female. Blowout fracture and nasal bone fracture were the most common type of injuries (91.5%). Intracranial hemorrhage wasthe common type of combined injury (6%). Each patient spent an average of $2,800 towards medical care which includes the public insurance and the final average medical cost per patient came up to about $14,000. Conclusion: Alcohol-related maxillofacial injury mainly occurs in young men and where blowout and nasal bone fractures are common type of alcohol related maxillofacial fractures. Maxillofacial injury causes many socioeconomic problems and therefore the harmful side-effects of the alcohol could be decreased by educating the public on the consequences of drinking and driving and violent behaviors they often show drinking.
{"title":"Clinical Analysis and Financial Loss of Alcohol-Related Maxillofacial Trauma","authors":"Baek Mk, Kim St, Jung Jh, Woodring Jh, Baek Mj, Cha He, Kang Ig","doi":"10.4172/2324-8785.1000324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2324-8785.1000324","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To evaluate clinical analysis and financial loss of alcohol-related maxillofacial trauma in tertiary medical center. Study design: Case series with chart review.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of maxillofacial injury patients who visited our emergency department between January 1st 2010 and December 31st 2010. Alcohol-related maxillofacial injuries were defined as cases in which the alcohol was the direct cause of the injury. The type of injury was assessed by physical and radiologic examination. We also documented the patients’ age, sex and the combined injuries along with the medical cost.Results: We assessed 441 patients with maxillofacial injury. Alcohol was the cause of the injury in the case of 82 of these patients (18.2%). Among them 75 were male (91%) and 7 were (8.5%) female. Blowout fracture and nasal bone fracture were the most common type of injuries (91.5%). Intracranial hemorrhage wasthe common type of combined injury (6%). Each patient spent an average of $2,800 towards medical care which includes the public insurance and the final average medical cost per patient came up to about $14,000. Conclusion: Alcohol-related maxillofacial injury mainly occurs in young men and where blowout and nasal bone fractures are common type of alcohol related maxillofacial fractures. Maxillofacial injury causes many socioeconomic problems and therefore the harmful side-effects of the alcohol could be decreased by educating the public on the consequences of drinking and driving and violent behaviors they often show drinking.","PeriodicalId":90613,"journal":{"name":"Journal of otology & rhinology","volume":" ","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44901642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：