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Human milk and bronchopulmonary dysplasia have a dose-dependent effect: a cohort study.
IF 2 4区 医学 Q2 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2025-02-04 DOI: 10.1136/bmjpo-2024-002727
Jiaming Yang, Jiaxin Li, Huiyan Wang, Xueyu Chen, Chuanzhong Yang, Liga ChaoMu, Aifen Cao, Xiaoyun Xiong

Background: Human milk (HM) is considered a potential protective factor against bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), but the specific volume needed for its protective effect in mixed feeding is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the impact of different HM volumes on BPD risk.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study examined the association between HM volume and BPD risk in very low birthweight (VLBW) infants. Dose-dependent analysis with spline smoothing curve and univariate, multivariate analyses and sensitivity analyses were conducted.

Result: The study included 339 VLBW infants. BPD incidence was 4.7% (6 infants) in the high HM group (HM volume≥1190 mL), 27.0% (48 infants) in the low HM group (HM volume<1190 mL) and 9.1% (3 infants) in the exclusive formula group, and the difference is statistically significant. Both univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses showed significantly higher BPD incidence in the low HM group (OR 3.237, 95% CI 0.81 to 12.89) compared with the exclusive formula group. The sensitivity analysis showed that low HM remained a risk factor for BPD (model I OR 3.26, 95% CI 0.92 to 11.53; model II OR 3.28, 95% CI 0.81 to 13.1).

Conclusion: Higher HM volumes (≥1190 mL) were associated with decreased BPD risk compared with low HM and formula feeding. Although not statistically significant, the low HM group exhibited increased BPD incidence compared with the exclusive formula group. These findings emphasise the importance of considering HM quantity in mixed feeding practices.

{"title":"Human milk and bronchopulmonary dysplasia have a dose-dependent effect: a cohort study.","authors":"Jiaming Yang, Jiaxin Li, Huiyan Wang, Xueyu Chen, Chuanzhong Yang, Liga ChaoMu, Aifen Cao, Xiaoyun Xiong","doi":"10.1136/bmjpo-2024-002727","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjpo-2024-002727","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Human milk (HM) is considered a potential protective factor against bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), but the specific volume needed for its protective effect in mixed feeding is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the impact of different HM volumes on BPD risk.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective cohort study examined the association between HM volume and BPD risk in very low birthweight (VLBW) infants. Dose-dependent analysis with spline smoothing curve and univariate, multivariate analyses and sensitivity analyses were conducted.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>The study included 339 VLBW infants. BPD incidence was 4.7% (6 infants) in the high HM group (HM volume≥1190 mL), 27.0% (48 infants) in the low HM group (HM volume<1190 mL) and 9.1% (3 infants) in the exclusive formula group, and the difference is statistically significant. Both univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses showed significantly higher BPD incidence in the low HM group (OR 3.237, 95% CI 0.81 to 12.89) compared with the exclusive formula group. The sensitivity analysis showed that low HM remained a risk factor for BPD (model I OR 3.26, 95% CI 0.92 to 11.53; model II OR 3.28, 95% CI 0.81 to 13.1).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Higher HM volumes (≥1190 mL) were associated with decreased BPD risk compared with low HM and formula feeding. Although not statistically significant, the low HM group exhibited increased BPD incidence compared with the exclusive formula group. These findings emphasise the importance of considering HM quantity in mixed feeding practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":9069,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Paediatrics Open","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11795393/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143188282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Research priorities for preterm lung health research across the lifespan: a community priority setting partnership.
IF 2 4区 医学 Q2 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2025-02-04 DOI: 10.1136/bmjpo-2024-003050
Naomi R Hemy, Amber Bates, Belinda Frank, Anne McKenzie, Shannon J Simpson

Background: It is essential to embed patient and public perspectives into every stage of the research journey, including setting the future research agenda. The substantial gaps in our understanding of prematurity-associated lung disease presented a timely opportunity to determine the community's research priorities.

Objective: To conduct a priority setting partnership (PSP) to determine the top 10 research priorities for preterm lung health.

Design: We undertook a modified James Lind Alliance methodology comprising three main stages: (1) an idea generating survey with open questions to ascertain the community's most important ideas for future preterm lung health research, (2) prioritisation survey to distill the main themes into a shortlist of 20 and (3) consensus workshop where participants were tasked with ranking their final top 10. This PSP is reflective of the view of preterm-born individuals, parents of preterm children and healthcare professionals in an Australian healthcare setting.

Results: We collated 144 submissions from the idea generating survey from which 27 prioritisation themes were developed. From the 150 prioritisation survey responses, the 20 themes receiving the most votes were taken to the consensus workshop. Participants identified the following top 10: (1) lifelong impacts; (2) interventions, treatments or supports; (3) ongoing lung health follow-up; (4) diagnostic tools, resources and education for primary healthcare providers; (5) resources to inform and empower families; (6) relationship to physical health and developmental issues; (7) preventing and/or treating lung infections; (8) additional supports, resources and research for minority groups; (9) impact on mental well-being; and (10) likelihood of asthma diagnosis.

Conclusion: Priorities identified through the PSP will be invaluable in informing future research into prematurity-associated lung disease.

{"title":"Research priorities for preterm lung health research across the lifespan: a community priority setting partnership.","authors":"Naomi R Hemy, Amber Bates, Belinda Frank, Anne McKenzie, Shannon J Simpson","doi":"10.1136/bmjpo-2024-003050","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjpo-2024-003050","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>It is essential to embed patient and public perspectives into every stage of the research journey, including setting the future research agenda. The substantial gaps in our understanding of prematurity-associated lung disease presented a timely opportunity to determine the community's research priorities.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To conduct a priority setting partnership (PSP) to determine the top 10 research priorities for preterm lung health.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>We undertook a modified James Lind Alliance methodology comprising three main stages: (1) an <i>idea generating</i> survey with open questions to ascertain the community's most important ideas for future preterm lung health research, (2) <i>prioritisation</i> survey to distill the main themes into a shortlist of 20 and (3) <i>consensus workshop</i> where participants were tasked with ranking their final top 10. This PSP is reflective of the view of preterm-born individuals, parents of preterm children and healthcare professionals in an Australian healthcare setting.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We collated 144 submissions from the <i>idea generating</i> survey from which 27 <i>prioritisation</i> themes were developed. From the 150 prioritisation survey responses, the 20 themes receiving the most votes were taken to the <i>consensus workshop</i>. Participants identified the following top 10: (1) lifelong impacts; (2) interventions, treatments or supports; (3) ongoing lung health follow-up; (4) diagnostic tools, resources and education for primary healthcare providers; (5) resources to inform and empower families; (6) relationship to physical health and developmental issues; (7) preventing and/or treating lung infections; (8) additional supports, resources and research for minority groups; (9) impact on mental well-being; and (10) likelihood of asthma diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Priorities identified through the PSP will be invaluable in informing future research into prematurity-associated lung disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":9069,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Paediatrics Open","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11795381/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143188283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
ESPGHAN and NASPGHAN 2024 protocol for paediatric functional constipation treatment guidelines (standard operating procedure).
IF 2 4区 医学 Q2 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2025-02-04 DOI: 10.1136/bmjpo-2024-003161
Morris Gordon, Anna de Geus, Marcin Banasiuk, Marc A Benninga, Osvaldo Borrelli, Mary Boruta, Anil Darbari, Dawn Dore-Stites, Michelle Gould, Juliette Hawa, Kirsten Brooke Jones, Julie Khlevner, Alexandra Kilgore, Hayat Mousa, Samuel Nurko, Vassiliki Sinopoulou, Merit Tabbers, Nikhil Thapar

Introduction: Functional constipation is common in childhood, with chronicity leading to a significant impact on patients and their families. There is a significant range of therapies available to healthcare professionals for this condition, with many novel or recently studied. There is a need for an update to the joint European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN)/North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (NASPGHAN) guidelines last released in 2014. We present the prospectively agreed operating procedure and technical review protocol in this manuscript.

Methods: 'Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation' (GRADE) will be used for all phases of this guideline development. The Guideline Development Group is formed by paediatric gastroenterologists from both the ESPGHAN as well as the NASPGHAN. A prospective exercise will agree on key outcomes, thresholds of magnitude that are significant at small, moderate and large levels. Systematic evidence searches, selection, extraction, appraisal and analysis will be performed following Cochrane guidance and GRADE guidance for objectively agreeing the certainty of findings. Additional use of network meta-analysis will identify areas of broad triangulation in the evidence. Summary of findings tables will be produced and inform evidence to decision frameworks. These will guide GRADE recommendations with voting to reach a consensus.

{"title":"ESPGHAN and NASPGHAN 2024 protocol for paediatric functional constipation treatment guidelines (standard operating procedure).","authors":"Morris Gordon, Anna de Geus, Marcin Banasiuk, Marc A Benninga, Osvaldo Borrelli, Mary Boruta, Anil Darbari, Dawn Dore-Stites, Michelle Gould, Juliette Hawa, Kirsten Brooke Jones, Julie Khlevner, Alexandra Kilgore, Hayat Mousa, Samuel Nurko, Vassiliki Sinopoulou, Merit Tabbers, Nikhil Thapar","doi":"10.1136/bmjpo-2024-003161","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjpo-2024-003161","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Functional constipation is common in childhood, with chronicity leading to a significant impact on patients and their families. There is a significant range of therapies available to healthcare professionals for this condition, with many novel or recently studied. There is a need for an update to the joint European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN)/North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (NASPGHAN) guidelines last released in 2014. We present the prospectively agreed operating procedure and technical review protocol in this manuscript.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>'Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation' (GRADE) will be used for all phases of this guideline development. The Guideline Development Group is formed by paediatric gastroenterologists from both the ESPGHAN as well as the NASPGHAN. A prospective exercise will agree on key outcomes, thresholds of magnitude that are significant at small, moderate and large levels. Systematic evidence searches, selection, extraction, appraisal and analysis will be performed following Cochrane guidance and GRADE guidance for objectively agreeing the certainty of findings. Additional use of network meta-analysis will identify areas of broad triangulation in the evidence. Summary of findings tables will be produced and inform evidence to decision frameworks. These will guide GRADE recommendations with voting to reach a consensus.</p>","PeriodicalId":9069,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Paediatrics Open","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11795385/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143188280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Ten proposed measures to improve vaccination: Health care providers' perspectives on promoting the vaccination intake of children with special healthcare needs in China.
IF 2 4区 医学 Q2 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2025-01-30 DOI: 10.1136/bmjpo-2024-002797
Tianxing Feng, Meiyi Chen, Xuran Zhao, Xiangshi Wang, Yanling Ge, Zhonglin Wang, Xiang Guo, Zhuoying Huang, Mei Zeng

Introduction: Children with special healthcare needs (CSHCN) often experience vaccination delays or missed vaccines in China. The coverage rate of the age-appropriate National Immunisation Programme vaccine was suboptimal. This study aimed to explore attitudes, behaviours, and suggestions regarding the improvement of routine vaccination services for CSHCN among healthcare providers.

Methods: This study conducted local, cross-sectional interviews involving vaccination services for CSHCN. A purposive sampling strategy was used to recruit interviewees including primary care providers, paediatricians and immunisation programme administrators. The interview guide explored attitudes towards and suggestions for establishing immunisation advisory clinics and referral networks, updating immunisation guidance documents and vaccine package inserts and strengthening the education of vaccination providers.

Results: 21 representative healthcare providers were interviewed. 10 measures were proposed to promote routine immunisation for children with special needs: (1) using immunisation advisory clinics to provide vaccination services for CSHCN; (2) establishing a referral network and specifying which cases necessitate referral to advisory clinics; (3) using an interconnected information system to identify, document and follow-up the CSHCN; (4) supporting high-quality clinical research to update immunisation protocols; (5) providing clear and definite immunisation recommendations to parents of eligible CSHCN; (6) seeking immunisation advice from specialised professionals to enhance primary care capability; (7) creating quality improvement programmes; (8) considering immunisation status a mandatory assessment during specialist visits; (9) supporting off-label use of vaccines legally and (10) encouraging pharmaceutical companies to update vaccine package inserts.

Conclusion: Vaccine uptake among CSHCN in China is suboptimal, highlighting the need for a referral network and a standard immunisation protocol. The National Immunisation Programme should develop clear recommendations and an education programme for regional Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to train local providers. A quality assurance and improvement programme, along with regular feedback, is essential to ensure CSHCN receive necessary vaccinations and protection against infectious diseases.

{"title":"Ten proposed measures to improve vaccination: Health care providers' perspectives on promoting the vaccination intake of children with special healthcare needs in China.","authors":"Tianxing Feng, Meiyi Chen, Xuran Zhao, Xiangshi Wang, Yanling Ge, Zhonglin Wang, Xiang Guo, Zhuoying Huang, Mei Zeng","doi":"10.1136/bmjpo-2024-002797","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjpo-2024-002797","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Children with special healthcare needs (CSHCN) often experience vaccination delays or missed vaccines in China. The coverage rate of the age-appropriate National Immunisation Programme vaccine was suboptimal. This study aimed to explore attitudes, behaviours, and suggestions regarding the improvement of routine vaccination services for CSHCN among healthcare providers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study conducted local, cross-sectional interviews involving vaccination services for CSHCN. A purposive sampling strategy was used to recruit interviewees including primary care providers, paediatricians and immunisation programme administrators. The interview guide explored attitudes towards and suggestions for establishing immunisation advisory clinics and referral networks, updating immunisation guidance documents and vaccine package inserts and strengthening the education of vaccination providers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>21 representative healthcare providers were interviewed. 10 measures were proposed to promote routine immunisation for children with special needs: (1) using immunisation advisory clinics to provide vaccination services for CSHCN; (2) establishing a referral network and specifying which cases necessitate referral to advisory clinics; (3) using an interconnected information system to identify, document and follow-up the CSHCN; (4) supporting high-quality clinical research to update immunisation protocols; (5) providing clear and definite immunisation recommendations to parents of eligible CSHCN; (6) seeking immunisation advice from specialised professionals to enhance primary care capability; (7) creating quality improvement programmes; (8) considering immunisation status a mandatory assessment during specialist visits; (9) supporting off-label use of vaccines legally and (10) encouraging pharmaceutical companies to update vaccine package inserts.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Vaccine uptake among CSHCN in China is suboptimal, highlighting the need for a referral network and a standard immunisation protocol. The National Immunisation Programme should develop clear recommendations and an education programme for regional Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to train local providers. A quality assurance and improvement programme, along with regular feedback, is essential to ensure CSHCN receive necessary vaccinations and protection against infectious diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":9069,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Paediatrics Open","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11784194/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143063597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Neonatal unit admission and offspring mental health trajectories across childhood and adolescence: a nationally representative UK cohort study.
IF 2 4区 医学 Q2 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2025-01-28 DOI: 10.1136/bmjpo-2024-003092
Madura Nandakumar, Gemma Lewis, Glyn Lewis, Francesca Solmi, Ramya Srinivasan

Objective: To investigate the associations between neonatal unit admission (NNU) and subsequent emotional and behavioural difficulties during childhood and adolescence.

Design: Longitudinal general population cohort study.

Setting: The Millennium Cohort Study: nationally representative UK-based cohort.

Participants: All children with exposure, outcome and confounding data.

Exposure: NNU admission was identified at 9 months by asking parents whether their baby was 'taken to special care or neonatal or intensive care unit after birth'.

Main outcome measures: Emotional and behavioural problems were assessed using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire when children were 3, 5, 7, 11, 14 and 17 years. We explored the association between NNU admission and trajectories of emotional and behavioural problems using multilevel models with growth curves for outcome data between 3-17 years and adjusted for a broad range of confounders.

Results: 14 013 participants (48.9% female, 13.7% ethnic minority) were included in the analytical sample. In the sample, mean gestational age was 275.81 (SD): 13.80) days, and mean birth weight was 3.36 kg (SD=0.58). 1273 (9.1%) participants had an NNU admission. The latter was associated with increased emotional difficulties (mean difference (MD) 0.13, 95% CI 0.045 to 0.22, p=0.003) and peer problems (MD 0.11, 95% CI 0.026 to 0.19, p=0.010) during childhood in fully adjusted models. There was no evidence that NNU admission was associated with conduct problems (MD 0.013, 95% CI -0.062 to 0.088, p=0.732) or hyperactivity symptoms (MD 0.042, 95% CI -0.070 to 0.15, p=0.452).

Conclusions: Children admitted to NNUs at birth are more likely to experience emotional difficulties and peer problems during childhood. These differences are apparent from early childhood continuing into adolescence and strengthen the case for a calm NNU environment with parental visits and mental health support, and early interventions for children admitted to NNUs.

{"title":"Neonatal unit admission and offspring mental health trajectories across childhood and adolescence: a nationally representative UK cohort study.","authors":"Madura Nandakumar, Gemma Lewis, Glyn Lewis, Francesca Solmi, Ramya Srinivasan","doi":"10.1136/bmjpo-2024-003092","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjpo-2024-003092","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the associations between neonatal unit admission (NNU) and subsequent emotional and behavioural difficulties during childhood and adolescence.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Longitudinal general population cohort study.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>The Millennium Cohort Study: nationally representative UK-based cohort.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>All children with exposure, outcome and confounding data.</p><p><strong>Exposure: </strong>NNU admission was identified at 9 months by asking parents whether their baby was 'taken to special care or neonatal or intensive care unit after birth'.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>Emotional and behavioural problems were assessed using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire when children were 3, 5, 7, 11, 14 and 17 years. We explored the association between NNU admission and trajectories of emotional and behavioural problems using multilevel models with growth curves for outcome data between 3-17 years and adjusted for a broad range of confounders.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>14 013 participants (48.9% female, 13.7% ethnic minority) were included in the analytical sample. In the sample, mean gestational age was 275.81 (SD): 13.80) days, and mean birth weight was 3.36 kg (SD=0.58). 1273 (9.1%) participants had an NNU admission. The latter was associated with increased emotional difficulties (mean difference (MD) 0.13, 95% CI 0.045 to 0.22, p=0.003) and peer problems (MD 0.11, 95% CI 0.026 to 0.19, p=0.010) during childhood in fully adjusted models. There was no evidence that NNU admission was associated with conduct problems (MD 0.013, 95% CI -0.062 to 0.088, p=0.732) or hyperactivity symptoms (MD 0.042, 95% CI -0.070 to 0.15, p=0.452).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Children admitted to NNUs at birth are more likely to experience emotional difficulties and peer problems during childhood. These differences are apparent from early childhood continuing into adolescence and strengthen the case for a calm NNU environment with parental visits and mental health support, and early interventions for children admitted to NNUs.</p>","PeriodicalId":9069,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Paediatrics Open","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11781137/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143058023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Randomised feasibility study of an intestinal adsorbent in acute diarrhoea in The Gambia.
IF 2 4区 医学 Q2 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2025-01-23 DOI: 10.1136/bmjpo-2024-003133
Paul Rahden, Abdoulie Fatty, Momodou Lamin Jobarteh, Abdoulwahab Sallah, Ebrahim Jaiteh, Angela Allen, Doreen Umoh, Fanta Bass, Matthew Dodd, Carol Howell, Elena Markaryan, Radovan Hnatič, Stephen Allen

Background: Diarrhoea remains a leading cause of death in children. An intestinal adsorbent may reduce diarrhoea duration and severity.

Methods: Randomised controlled feasibility trial with two phases: phase 1 (0-4 hours and double-blind) and phase 2 (up to 5 days and open-label). 50 children aged 6-59 months with acute diarrhoea presenting with no or some dehydration to the emergency paediatric unit and outpatient clinic at Edward Francis Small Teaching Hospital, Banjul, The Gambia were randomised to either standard treatment (oral rehydration fluid and zinc) or standard treatment with polymethylsiloxane polyhydrate for up to 5 days.

Results: Recruitment was completed in 7 months. All but one child completed the study. There were no major protocol deviations although patient-held diaries did not collect reliable information. Time from randomisation to the last watery stool (primary outcome) was shorter in the intervention than control arm (mean difference -19.3 hours, 95% CI -30.9 to -7.8). Stool frequency was lower in the intervention arm on days 2 (95% CI -0.8 to -1.3 to -0.3) and 3 (95% CI -0.8; -1.3 to -0.3). One serious event (death) occurred in the control arm.

Conclusions: A randomised, controlled trial is feasible. Further clinical trials are warranted to confirm the efficacy of polymethylsiloxane polyhydrate in acute diarrhoea and inform management guidelines.

Trial registration number: PACTR202302683128875.

{"title":"Randomised feasibility study of an intestinal adsorbent in acute diarrhoea in The Gambia.","authors":"Paul Rahden, Abdoulie Fatty, Momodou Lamin Jobarteh, Abdoulwahab Sallah, Ebrahim Jaiteh, Angela Allen, Doreen Umoh, Fanta Bass, Matthew Dodd, Carol Howell, Elena Markaryan, Radovan Hnatič, Stephen Allen","doi":"10.1136/bmjpo-2024-003133","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjpo-2024-003133","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diarrhoea remains a leading cause of death in children. An intestinal adsorbent may reduce diarrhoea duration and severity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Randomised controlled feasibility trial with two phases: phase 1 (0-4 hours and double-blind) and phase 2 (up to 5 days and open-label). 50 children aged 6-59 months with acute diarrhoea presenting with no or some dehydration to the emergency paediatric unit and outpatient clinic at Edward Francis Small Teaching Hospital, Banjul, The Gambia were randomised to either standard treatment (oral rehydration fluid and zinc) or standard treatment with polymethylsiloxane polyhydrate for up to 5 days.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Recruitment was completed in 7 months. All but one child completed the study. There were no major protocol deviations although patient-held diaries did not collect reliable information. Time from randomisation to the last watery stool (primary outcome) was shorter in the intervention than control arm (mean difference -19.3 hours, 95% CI -30.9 to -7.8). Stool frequency was lower in the intervention arm on days 2 (95% CI -0.8 to -1.3 to -0.3) and 3 (95% CI -0.8; -1.3 to -0.3). One serious event (death) occurred in the control arm.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A randomised, controlled trial is feasible. Further clinical trials are warranted to confirm the efficacy of polymethylsiloxane polyhydrate in acute diarrhoea and inform management guidelines.</p><p><strong>Trial registration number: </strong>PACTR202302683128875.</p>","PeriodicalId":9069,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Paediatrics Open","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11759216/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143036407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Exceeding the limits of paediatric heat stress tolerance: the risk of losing a generation to climate inaction.
IF 2 4区 医学 Q2 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2025-01-21 DOI: 10.1136/bmjpo-2024-002883
Alexander Azan, Sulani Nyimbili, Oyinkansola O Babayode, Anna Bershteyn

Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are creating unprecedented climate-driven extreme weather, with levels of heat and humidity surpassing human physiological tolerance for heat stress. These conditions create a risk of mass casualties, with some populations particularly vulnerable due to physiological, behavioural and socioeconomic conditions (eg, lack of adequate shelter, limited healthcare infrastructure, sparse air conditioning access and electrical grid vulnerabilities). Children, especially young children, are uniquely vulnerable to extreme heat-related morbidity and mortality due to factors including low body mass, high metabolism, suboptimal thermoregulatory mechanisms and behavioural vulnerabilities. Children are also uniquely vulnerable to non-fatal heat-related morbidities, including malnutrition due to agricultural disruptions and cardiometabolic, respiratory and mental illnesses from heat exposure and/or confinement during heat avoidance. Climate mitigation through GHG reductions is central to reducing harms to children and preventing the loss of a generation to climate change. In regions most predisposed to extreme heat-driven mass casualties under various GHG emission scenarios-particularly South Asian and Southwest Asian and North African regions-adaptation tools specific to children's needs are the most urgently needed. Existing public health interventions (eg, cooling infrastructure and preventative educational campaigns) to reduce acute heat mortality, and medical infrastructure capacity to treat heat-related illnesses are currently inadequate to meet children's growing heat resiliency needs. Paediatricians and other clinical and community child healthcare providers in these regions lack education about children's heat risks and adaptation tools. Paediatricians and other child healthcare providers have a crucial role in research, education, clinical practice and advocacy to protect children during extreme heat events. Paediatricians, other child healthcare providers and stakeholders of children's well-being are urged to act on young children's behalf and to elevate youth leadership in GHG mitigation and extreme heat adaptation policy-making.

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引用次数: 0
Neurodevelopmental outcomes after infant heart surgery for congenital heart disease: a hospital-based multicentre prospective cohort study from India.
IF 2 4区 医学 Q2 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2025-01-21 DOI: 10.1136/bmjpo-2024-002943
Manu Raj, Amitabha Chattopadhyay, Saurabh Kumar Gupta, Shreepal Jain, Usha M K Sastry, Remya Sudevan, Meenakshi Sharma, Pragati Pragya, Roopa Shivashankar, Abish Sudhakar, Anjana Radhakrishnan, Sana Parveen, Sakshi Patil, Shamika Naik, Shilpa Das, Raman Krishna Kumar

Background: Neurodevelopmental disability is a common long-term concern following surgery for congenital heart disease (CHD). Little information is available from low-resource environments where the majority of children with CHD are born. Several challenges in the CHD care continuum exist in such environments.

Methods: We followed 1346 infants who were operated for CHD using cardiopulmonary bypass from five paediatric cardiac programmes across India. The neurodevelopmental assessment was done using the Developmental Assessment Scale for Indian Infants (DASII) at 6 months after surgery.

Results: A total of 1145 (94.8%) infants were alive at 6 months and 127 (11.1%) were lost to follow-up. The mean age of participants at baseline was 5.2 (3.6) months. The mean motor developmental quotient (DMoQ) and mental developmental quotient (DMeQ) of the remaining 1018 infants were 81.8 (69.5, 93.0) and 87.7 (77.1, 95.7), respectively. A total of 262 (25.7%) infants had motor developmental delay and 157 (15.4%) had mental developmental delay. Syndromic association, younger age at surgery, duration of mechanical ventilation and head circumference were significantly associated with DMoQ. The DMeQ was associated with syndromes, duration of hospital and intensive care unit stay and socioeconomic status. The preoperative condition did not impact mental and motor development. Motor clusters with maximum delay included body control and locomotion. Mental clusters with maximum delay included reaching and manipulation, social interaction-imitative behaviour and vocabulary comprehension.

Conclusions: Survivors of infant heart surgery experience significant motor and mental neurodevelopmental delay. This delay is associated with similar factors reported by earlier studies. As more high-risk infants undergo cardiac surgery in low-resource settings, a growing population will require significant societal resources for neurodevelopmental assessment as well as neurodevelopmental rehabilitation. These resources include trained personnel for comprehensive developmental assessment of survivors of CHD surgery, as well as infrastructural requirements for dedicated assessment rooms in centres providing surgical care for CHD patients.

{"title":"Neurodevelopmental outcomes after infant heart surgery for congenital heart disease: a hospital-based multicentre prospective cohort study from India.","authors":"Manu Raj, Amitabha Chattopadhyay, Saurabh Kumar Gupta, Shreepal Jain, Usha M K Sastry, Remya Sudevan, Meenakshi Sharma, Pragati Pragya, Roopa Shivashankar, Abish Sudhakar, Anjana Radhakrishnan, Sana Parveen, Sakshi Patil, Shamika Naik, Shilpa Das, Raman Krishna Kumar","doi":"10.1136/bmjpo-2024-002943","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjpo-2024-002943","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Neurodevelopmental disability is a common long-term concern following surgery for congenital heart disease (CHD). Little information is available from low-resource environments where the majority of children with CHD are born. Several challenges in the CHD care continuum exist in such environments.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We followed 1346 infants who were operated for CHD using cardiopulmonary bypass from five paediatric cardiac programmes across India. The neurodevelopmental assessment was done using the Developmental Assessment Scale for Indian Infants (DASII) at 6 months after surgery.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1145 (94.8%) infants were alive at 6 months and 127 (11.1%) were lost to follow-up. The mean age of participants at baseline was 5.2 (3.6) months. The mean motor developmental quotient (DMoQ) and mental developmental quotient (DMeQ) of the remaining 1018 infants were 81.8 (69.5, 93.0) and 87.7 (77.1, 95.7), respectively. A total of 262 (25.7%) infants had motor developmental delay and 157 (15.4%) had mental developmental delay. Syndromic association, younger age at surgery, duration of mechanical ventilation and head circumference were significantly associated with DMoQ. The DMeQ was associated with syndromes, duration of hospital and intensive care unit stay and socioeconomic status. The preoperative condition did not impact mental and motor development. Motor clusters with maximum delay included body control and locomotion. Mental clusters with maximum delay included reaching and manipulation, social interaction-imitative behaviour and vocabulary comprehension.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Survivors of infant heart surgery experience significant motor and mental neurodevelopmental delay. This delay is associated with similar factors reported by earlier studies. As more high-risk infants undergo cardiac surgery in low-resource settings, a growing population will require significant societal resources for neurodevelopmental assessment as well as neurodevelopmental rehabilitation. These resources include trained personnel for comprehensive developmental assessment of survivors of CHD surgery, as well as infrastructural requirements for dedicated assessment rooms in centres providing surgical care for CHD patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":9069,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Paediatrics Open","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11784172/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143021982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Feasibility of engaging parents attending an adult weight management programme with child weight management support: a mixed methods study. 参与父母参加成人体重管理计划与儿童体重管理支持的可行性:一项混合方法研究。
IF 2 4区 医学 Q2 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2025-01-20 DOI: 10.1136/bmjpo-2024-002975
Ruth Mears, Aidan Searle, Deborah Sharp, Russell Jago, Julian Ph Shield

Objective: To explore whether parents' attendance at a commercial adult weight management programme (WMP) offers an opportunity to identify and signpost families to child weight management support, if appropriate to a child's weight status.

Design: Mixed methods study including a cross-sectional online survey and semistructured telephone interviews.

Setting and participants: Parents attending Slimming World (UK-based adult commercial WMP), with one or more children aged 5-11 years, were invited to take part. There were 396 survey and 18 telephone interview participants.

Results: Most parents (78%) attending the adult WMP and worried about their child's weight were receptive to being offered support for their child. Nearly all (98%) of these parents were happy for the adult WMP to signpost to this support. Nearly half of parents (47%, n=122/262) not worried about their child's weight were still interested in a child height and weight check. The preferred intervention format and delivery possibilities differed among parents, with 'no-one size fits all', while recognising that change takes time, and weekly sessions may be too frequent. Parents were clear that the focus of support should be on healthy lifestyle not weight. Many parents felt a parent 'peer support' group would be helpful.

Conclusions: Parents actively addressing their own weight, through an adult WMP, are receptive to being offered and signposted to support for their child, where they have concerns about their child's weight. These findings support a new referral pathway into child weight management services, through parents attending an adult WMP.

目的:探讨父母参加商业成人体重管理计划(WMP)是否提供了一个机会,以确定和指示家庭对儿童体重管理支持,如果适合儿童的体重状况。设计:混合方法研究,包括横断面在线调查和半结构化电话访谈。环境和参与者:参加Slimming World(英国成人商业WMP)的父母,带着一个或多个5-11岁的孩子,被邀请参加。共有396名调查对象和18名电话访谈对象。结果:大多数参加成人WMP并担心孩子体重的父母(78%)接受为孩子提供的支持。几乎所有(98%)的父母都很高兴成年WMP能够得到这种支持。近一半(47%,n=122/262)不担心孩子体重的父母仍然对孩子的身高和体重检查感兴趣。家长们喜欢的干预形式和实施方式各不相同,“没有放之四海而皆准的方法”,同时认识到改变需要时间,每周的治疗可能过于频繁。家长们很清楚,支持的重点应该是健康的生活方式,而不是体重。许多家长认为家长“同伴支持”小组会有所帮助。结论:父母通过成年WMP积极解决自己的体重问题,接受提供和路标支持他们的孩子,他们担心他们的孩子的体重。这些发现支持通过父母参加成人WMP的儿童体重管理服务的新转诊途径。
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引用次数: 0
Study protocol for the development and pilot-testing of a Self-assessment tool for the implementation of the European Standards of Care for Newborn Health (ESCNH). 制定和试点测试用于执行欧洲新生儿保健标准的自我评估工具的研究议定书。
IF 2 4区 医学 Q2 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2025-01-20 DOI: 10.1136/bmjpo-2024-003008
Julia Hoffmann, Sarah Lehmann, Gina Ancora, Helmut Hummler, Nicholas Lack, Dietmar Schlembach, Esther Schouten, Ilaria Simonelli, Ylva Thernström Blomqvist, Eleni Vavouraki, James Webbe, Luc J I Zimmermann, Silke Mader, Isabel Geiger

Introduction: In Europe, disparities exist in having access to optimal neonatal care. With the European Standards of Care for Newborn Health (ESCNH), evidence-based reference standards are available which provide guidance to improve the care for preterm and ill newborns. To support healthcare professionals (HCPs) and hospital/clinic management in identifying the extent of ESCNH implementation, a feasible assessment tool is required. Such a tool should help identify areas in need of improvement and provide clear recommendations for action. We aim to develop a digital self-assessment tool for HCPs to detect the local level of ESCNH fulfilment and identify areas in need of improvement, and thus provide recommendations for action.

Methods and analysis: The self-assessment tool will have the form of a digital questionnaire with condensed ESCNH content. A Project Expert Group provides scientific input. With pretesting among HCPs, a template of a questionnaire section is evaluated and adapted accordingly. The subsequently developed full questionnaire will be appraised within a two-round eDelphi survey by at least 50 invited HCPs. Statements and formulations need to be accepted by at least 80% of participants. The remaining discrepancies will be solved in a final workshop. The resulting digital self-assessment tool (SAT) will be translated into several languages and evaluated in a pilot-testing among at least 20 hospitals/clinics across Europe.

Conclusion: With the self-reflection through the SAT, HCPs, hospital/clinic managers, policymakers and other stakeholders will receive feedback on the conformity with the ESCNH and guidance for improvement.

Trial registration number: NCT06379828.

在欧洲,在获得最佳新生儿护理方面存在差异。《欧洲新生儿健康护理标准》提供了基于证据的参考标准,为改善对早产儿和患病新生儿的护理提供指导。为了支持医疗保健专业人员(HCPs)和医院/诊所管理人员确定ESCNH实施的程度,需要一个可行的评估工具。这种工具应有助于确定需要改进的领域,并提供明确的行动建议。我们的目标是为HCPs开发一个数字自我评估工具,以检测地方层面的ESCNH履行情况,并确定需要改进的领域,从而提供行动建议。方法与分析:自我评估工具将采用压缩ESCNH内容的数字问卷形式。项目专家组提供科学投入。通过对医务人员进行预测,对问卷部分的模板进行评估并进行相应调整。随后开发的完整问卷将由至少50名受邀的HCPs在两轮eDelphi调查中进行评估。声明和提法需要被至少80%的参与者接受。剩下的差异将在最后的研讨会上解决。由此产生的数字自我评估工具(SAT)将被翻译成几种语言,并在欧洲至少20家医院/诊所的试点测试中进行评估。结论:通过SAT的自我反思,HCPs、医院/诊所管理者、决策者和其他利益相关者将获得对ESCNH符合性的反馈和改进指导。试验注册号:NCT06379828。
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引用次数: 0
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BMJ Paediatrics Open
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