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Does a training programme improve the perceived confidence and performance of student mentors in their delivery of a widening access to medicine programme? 培训计划是否提高了学生导师在提供扩大获得医学课程方面的信心和表现?
J. Whiting, Samantha Wickham
Background – Brighton and Sussex Medical School (BSMS) uses medical students to deliver widening access to medicine (WAM) interventions. Previously, new BSMS teaching-mentors received no formal training beyond safeguarding procedures. A training programme for new teaching-mentors was designed, aiming to improve their confidence and self-perceived performance. This study explored its effectiveness. Methodology – Participants self-selected into an intervention group (received formal training) or a control group. The intervention group completed one questionnaire either side of receiving training; the control group completed one questionnaire after taking part in two WAM sessions. Four participants were selected for qualitative interviews which were thematically analysed. Ethical approval was received from the BSMS Research Governance and Ethics Committee. Results – Average confidence and average self-perceived performance within the intervention group improved significantly following training. There was no significant difference between intervention and control groups. Qualitative results uncovered three main themes: Need Training, Benefits of Training, and the Shadowing Day. Discussion – It is argued that whilst training is not essential, and should not be compulsory (if mentors are already confident, it does not augment their self-perceived confidence and performance), nervous teaching-mentors do benefit from a training programme, so it should be offered to new mentors, nonetheless.
背景-布莱顿和苏塞克斯医学院(BSMS)使用医学生提供扩大获得医学(WAM)干预措施。以前,新的BSMS教学导师除了安全程序外没有接受过任何正式培训。为新的教学导师设计了一个培训方案,目的是提高他们的信心和自我认识的表现。本研究探讨了其有效性。方法:参与者自行选择进入干预组(接受正式培训)或对照组。干预组在接受培训的两侧各完成一份问卷;对照组在参加两次WAM会议后完成一份问卷。选择四名参与者进行定性访谈,并对其进行主题分析。获得了BSMS研究治理和伦理委员会的伦理批准。结果-干预组的平均信心和平均自我感知表现在训练后显著提高。干预组与对照组之间无显著差异。定性结果揭示了三个主要主题:培训需求、培训收益和实习日。讨论——有人认为,虽然培训不是必要的,也不应该是强制性的(如果导师已经自信,它不会增加他们的自我认知的信心和表现),紧张的教学导师确实受益于培训计划,所以应该提供给新的导师,尽管如此。
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引用次数: 0
Understanding outreach: the potential of qualitative longitudinal research to enrich the evidence base 理解外展:定性纵向研究丰富证据基础的潜力
Neil Raven
Recent calls from the Office for Students, the regulatory body for the English higher education sector, have challenged those engaged in widening university access to ‘strengthen’ the outreach evidence base. Whilst focus groups have proved capable of revealing much about the learner experience and the effectiveness of outreach interventions, the established way in which they have been applied – in capturing views and perceptions at one particular point in time – limits what can be discovered. Adopting a longitudinal approach in the application of this research instrument – by returning to the same group of participants at regular intervals over a number of months – affords a chance to monitor changes in ideas and intentions, and distinguish the important from the fleeting. As the findings from three recent studies that have deployed this approach show, it can also generate richer, more detailed insights than would otherwise be possible.
最近,英国高等教育部门的监管机构学生办公室(Office for Students)呼吁那些致力于扩大大学入学机会的人“加强”拓展证据基础。虽然焦点小组已被证明能够揭示许多关于学习者经验和外展干预的有效性的信息,但应用焦点小组的既定方式——在一个特定的时间点捕捉观点和看法——限制了可以发现的东西。在应用这一研究工具时采用纵向方法- -在几个月内定期返回同一组参与者- -提供了一个机会来监测想法和意图的变化,并区分重要的和转瞬即逝的。正如最近三项采用这种方法的研究结果所表明的那样,它还可以产生比其他方法更丰富、更详细的见解。
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引用次数: 1
Enhancing self-efficacy through life skills workshops 透过生活技能工作坊提升自我效能
Heather Mozley, Rebecca D'Silva, S. Curtis
University attrition rates are often higher for students from groups under-represented in Higher Education (HE), for example those who have experienced social and educational disadvantage. Points of educational transition have been identified as key risk factors for progression and retention, and interventions to increase self-efficacy may act protectively to reduce higher attrition rates.This study presents an evaluation of an intervention implemented at one UK medical school, which aimed to enhance participants' self-efficacy and sense of belonging. Participants completed Schwarzer's General Self-Efficacy Scale and written evaluations. Qualitative data were examined inductively using thematic analysis. Average self-efficacy scores showed a statistically significant improvement six months after the intervention. Key themes including ‘it's not just me’ and ‘learning from the experiences of others’ were identified from the qualitative data and explored within a framework of self-efficacy.The intervention appeared to have a positive impact on self-efficacy through two key sources. Firstly, creating positive “physiological and emotional states’ enabled participants to engage in constructive discussions of personal difficulties they faced, such as imposter syndrome. Secondly, ‘vicarious experiences’, hearing how others had coped during difficult situations, improved participants' beliefs in their ability to cope with future challenges and imagine being successful. These factors may be key in supporting transitions for under-represented university students engaged with a range of disciplines.
高等教育(HE)中代表性不足的群体的学生,例如那些经历过社会和教育劣势的学生,大学的流失率往往更高。教育过渡点已被确定为进步和保留的关键风险因素,提高自我效能的干预措施可能对降低较高的流失率起保护作用。本研究提出了在英国一所医学院实施的干预措施的评估,旨在提高参与者的自我效能感和归属感。参与者完成Schwarzer一般自我效能量表和书面评估。定性数据采用主题分析进行归纳检验。平均自我效能得分在干预六个月后显示出统计学上显著的改善。从定性数据中确定了关键主题,包括“不只是我”和“从别人的经验中学习”,并在自我效能的框架内进行了探索。干预似乎通过两个关键来源对自我效能感产生积极影响。首先,创造积极的“生理和情绪状态”,使参与者能够就他们面临的个人困难(如冒名顶替综合症)进行建设性的讨论。其次,“替代体验”,即听到别人在困难情况下是如何应对的,提高了参与者对自己应对未来挑战的能力的信心,并想象自己会成功。这些因素可能是支持代表性不足的大学生参与一系列学科的关键。
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引用次数: 1
Attrition, mental health and student support in engineering education: the Engineering Futures Project 工程教育中的损耗、心理健康和学生支持:工程未来项目
Jane Andrews, R. Clark, S. Phull
This paper deals with issues surrounding student attrition in engineering education. Looking beyond the traditional markers associated with student attainment, and adopting an action research approach, the “Engineering Futures Project” aimed to tackle an attrition rate in a faculty of engineering that was twice the university average. An algorithm was developed and students ‘at risk’ of not progressing identified. Such students were then contacted individually and offered intensive support and guidance from a member of the project team.Working with academics on a one-to-one basis, students were encouraged to reflect on why they felt they were at risk of not progressing on to the next level of their course. One of the surprising outcomes was that the majority of students indicated they had experienced considerable difficulties with their mental health in the previous 12 months. This, together with a number of other individual issues, impacted their studies. Taking account of the students' perspectives, the project team developed and put in place two distinctive support pathways; one focusing on ‘wellbeing’, the other on “academic support’. Each individual student was given time and assistance to develop their own pathways. Although resource intensive, the Engineering Futures Project was a marked success, drastically reducing attrition and making a notable difference at both the individual and faculty level.
本文探讨了工程教育中有关学生流失的问题。超越与学生成绩相关的传统指标,采用行动研究方法,“工程未来项目”旨在解决工程学院的流失率是大学平均水平的两倍的问题。研究人员开发了一种算法,识别出有“不进步风险”的学生。然后与这些学生单独联系,并由项目组成员提供密集的支持和指导。在一对一的基础上,学生们被鼓励反思为什么他们觉得自己有可能无法进入下一阶段的课程。其中一个令人惊讶的结果是,大多数学生表示,他们在过去的12个月里经历了相当大的心理健康问题。这一点,再加上其他一些个人问题,影响了他们的研究。考虑到学生的观点,项目团队开发并实施了两种不同的支持途径;一个关注“幸福”,另一个关注“学术支持”。每个学生都有时间和帮助来发展自己的道路。尽管资源密集,工程未来项目取得了显著的成功,极大地减少了人员流失,并在个人和学院层面上产生了显著的差异。
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引用次数: 0
Do students really engage with their skills development in the context of widening participation? An institutional case study 在广泛参与的背景下,学生们是否真的致力于他们的技能发展?制度案例研究
Ufuk Alpsahin Cullen
This study investigates how the prior experience of a diverse undergraduate cohort at an English higher education institution relates to barriers to employability and changes in students' perceptions of their employability skills and career plans throughout the duration of their studies. It considers the impact of a range of demographic factors used to identify students from backgrounds underrepresented in higher education (HE). Data collection was conducted within a micro institutional context where the majority of students and staff are from Black, Asian and minority ethnic (BAME) backgrounds. Such diversity contributes to the originality of the study.We have adopted a mixed methods approach by bringing together both quantitative and qualitative evidence. The study took two years to complete and 150 students across different programmes participated. We found that perceived levels of employability skills were closely associated with the background and age of the students. We observed that an increase in self-awareness resulted in a significant decrease in self-confidence, which caused a change in participants' career plans from looking for a relevant job to looking for any available job.
本研究调查了一所英国高等教育机构的不同本科生群体的先前经历与就业障碍以及学生在整个学习期间对其就业技能和职业规划的看法的变化之间的关系。它考虑了一系列人口因素的影响,这些因素用于识别高等教育中代表性不足的背景的学生。数据收集是在微观机构背景下进行的,其中大多数学生和员工来自黑人、亚洲人和少数民族(BAME)背景。这种多样性有助于这项研究的独创性。我们采用了一种混合方法,将定量和定性证据结合在一起。这项研究花了两年时间完成,来自不同专业的150名学生参与了研究。我们发现,就业技能的感知水平与学生的背景和年龄密切相关。我们观察到,自我意识的增强导致了自信心的显著下降,这导致了参与者职业规划的变化,从寻找相关的工作到寻找任何可用的工作。
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引用次数: 0
How might mature students with low entry qualifications succeed in undergraduate science? 低入学资格的成熟学生如何在本科理科取得成功?
J. Butcher, Carlton Wood, Anactoria Clarke, E. McPherson
Widening participation has been a key UK higher education policy for at least 20 years, but accessing university remains challenging for mature (aged 21+) students with low prior educational qualifications. This is particularly apparent in the science, technology, engineering and maths (STEM) disciplines, in which the lack of standard UK university matriculation requirements (two A levels) can increase the obstacles faced by vulnerable learners. Since 2013 the Open University has sought to address this by offering a preparatory STEM access module. In this article, the researchers report a comparative case study using a mixed methods approach to identify the extent to which the impact of a STEM access module was sustained into Level 4 science study. Analysis revealed that students progressing from the access module had a 24% greater chance of passing than a control group who entered the undergraduate programme directly. Results are discussed in relation to the increased confidence that the students acquired during their preparatory study. We relate the increased confidence of these students to two key aspects: first, an acquired tenacity, which helped learners navigate the initial challenging steps into undergraduate science; second, sustaining the confidence established by overcoming the maths fear factor.
至少20年来,扩大教育参与率一直是英国高等教育的一项关键政策,但对于之前学历较低的成熟(21岁以上)学生来说,进入大学仍然具有挑战性。这在科学、技术、工程和数学(STEM)学科中尤为明显,在这些学科中,缺乏标准的英国大学入学要求(两个A - level)会增加弱势学习者面临的障碍。自2013年以来,开放大学一直试图通过提供预备STEM访问模块来解决这个问题。在本文中,研究人员报告了一个比较案例研究,使用混合方法来确定STEM访问模块对4级科学研究的影响程度。分析显示,与直接进入本科课程的对照组相比,从入门模块进步的学生通过考试的机会高出24%。结果讨论了增加的信心,学生获得在他们的预备学习。我们将这些学生信心的增强与两个关键方面联系起来:首先,获得的韧性,帮助学习者度过进入本科科学的最初具有挑战性的步骤;第二,通过克服数学恐惧因素来保持信心。
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引用次数: 0
Medicine e-mentoring: accessibility and suitability of e-mentoring for applicants from widening participation and non-widening participation backgrounds 医学电子辅导:扩宽参与背景与非扩宽参与背景申请人电子辅导的可及性与适宜性
P. Harris, K. Lane
This paper investigates the accessibility and suitability of e-mentoring to support access to medicine for applicants from diverse backgrounds. Through qualitative analysis of the conversations between mentors (current medical students) and mentees it aims to identify the main concerns of potential medical applicants and investigate similarities and differences between mentees from widening participation (WP) and non-widening participation backgrounds. Thirty-six medicine applicants from varied backgrounds subscribed to e-mentoring during their UCAS application preparation making it possible to address the study's research questions. No discernible difference between WP and non-WP applicants was evident, which suggests the label is not indicative of prior knowledge or support needed to navigate the application process. E-mentoring was found to be a suitable platform for the delivery of outreach and both WP and non-WP applicants benefited equally. The findings from the study are discussed in the context of Health Professional Admissions and Outreach and the use of e-mentoring as a means of delivering on the WP access agenda.
本文探讨了电子指导在支持不同背景申请人获取药品方面的可及性和适宜性。通过对导师(当前医学生)和学员之间的对话进行定性分析,旨在确定潜在医学申请者的主要关注点,并调查来自扩宽参与(WP)和非扩宽参与背景的学员之间的异同。来自不同背景的36名医学申请者在他们的UCAS申请准备过程中订阅了电子指导,这使得解决研究的研究问题成为可能。免签证和非免签证申请人之间没有明显的区别,这表明标签并不表明在申请过程中需要事先的知识或支持。我们发现,电子指导是提供外展服务的合适平台,可工作计划和非可工作计划申请人都同样受益。研究结果在卫生专业人员录取和推广以及使用电子指导作为提供WP访问议程的手段的背景下进行了讨论。
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引用次数: 0
'University is a place of imagination where anything can happen': evaluating widening participation initiatives with young children “大学是一个想象的地方,任何事情都有可能发生”:评估扩大幼儿参与计划
Katherine Sela, N. Winstone
There is increasing awareness of the importance of working with younger children in widening participation initiatives. While typical evaluation methods, such as feedback questionnaires, may be appropriate for collating evidence of the impact of initiatives with older children and teenagers, these tools are less appropriate for younger children. In the context of the evaluation of a campus-based creative writing programme for 9- to 10-year-old children, this paper discusses the utility of creative approaches to evaluation. Prior to and following their visit to a university campus, children completed a worksheet to gain their perspectives of university through sentence completion, comparison and drawing tasks. These methods provide insight into how children's perspectives are shaped by visiting a university campus, as well as differences between those who do and do not know someone who has attended university. We present snapshots of the evaluation data and discuss the implications for evaluation of widening participation initiatives with young children.
人们日益认识到在扩大参与倡议方面与年幼儿童合作的重要性。虽然典型的评估方法,如反馈问卷,可能适合于整理对年龄较大的儿童和青少年的倡议影响的证据,但这些工具不太适合于年龄较小的儿童。本文以一项针对9至10岁儿童的校园创意写作课程的评估为背景,讨论了创造性方法在评估中的效用。在参观大学校园之前和之后,孩子们完成了一份工作表,通过完成句子、比较和绘画任务来获得他们对大学的看法。这些方法可以让我们深入了解孩子们的观点是如何通过参观大学校园而形成的,以及那些认识和不认识上过大学的人之间的差异。我们提供了评估数据的快照,并讨论了扩大幼儿参与倡议评估的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Building the foundations for academic success: learning from the experiences of part-time students in their first semester of study 建立学术成功的基础:学习兼职学生在第一学期的学习经验
Allyson Goodchild, C. Butler
This article examines the findings from a mixed methods research study exploring part- time students' perceptions of their transition into higher education. Drawing on wider research in the field of transition and utilising Gale and Parker's (2014) conceptual framework as a means of viewing the transition process, the article identifies how one group of part-time undergraduates experienced the process of becoming an undergraduate. The results highlight the importance of offering a well-framed early learning experience for students, which enables them to learn the skills needed for early academic success and provides continued support as they progress in their own time towards recognition of themselves as undergraduates. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that transition is not time bound, and individual students will need individual approaches. This will require institutions to consider how the support they offer can be tailored to a student's specific needs.
摘要本文以非全日制学生对升入高等教育的看法为研究对象,探讨其混合方法的研究结果。借鉴在过渡领域更广泛的研究,并利用Gale和Parker(2014)的概念框架作为观察过渡过程的一种手段,本文确定了一组兼职本科生如何经历成为本科生的过程。研究结果强调了为学生提供良好的早期学习体验的重要性,这使他们能够学习早期学业成功所需的技能,并为他们在自己的时间里获得对自己本科生身份的认可提供持续的支持。此外,结果表明,过渡是没有时间限制的,个别学生将需要个别的方法。这就要求学校考虑如何根据学生的具体需求提供相应的支持。
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引用次数: 0
Using logic chain and theory of change tools to evaluate widening participation: Learning from the What works? Student Retention & Success programme 运用逻辑链和变革理论工具评估扩大参与:从What works中学习?学生保留与成功计划
L. Thomas
There has been national and institutional commitment to widening participation (WP) for over 20 years in England, and during this time considerable investment has been made in WP. The field of WP is, however, still characterised by a lack of evidence of impact, and institutions are under pressure to provide better evidence moving forward. Practitioners working across the student lifecycle find evaluation challenging. This paper focuses on the approach used to evaluate a programme of work intended to improve the success of non-traditional students in higher education (HE), drawing on logic chains and a theory of change model (programme theory evaluation tools). It considers the benefits and limitations of this approach and discusses how it was applied in practice. It provides examples of indicators and evidence and considers ways in which the model can be improved and applied to other contexts.
在英国,20多年来一直有国家和机构对扩大参与(WP)的承诺,在此期间,对WP进行了大量投资。然而,WP领域的特点仍然是缺乏影响的证据,各机构面临着提供更好证据的压力。跨学生生命周期工作的实践者发现评估具有挑战性。本文重点介绍了用于评估旨在提高非传统学生在高等教育(HE)中的成功的工作计划的方法,利用逻辑链和变革理论模型(计划理论评估工具)。它考虑了这种方法的优点和局限性,并讨论了如何在实践中应用它。它提供了指标和证据的例子,并考虑了可以改进该模型并将其应用于其他情况的方法。
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引用次数: 3
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Widening participation and lifelong learning : the journal of the Institute for Access Studies and the European Access Network
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