Pub Date : 2023-09-05DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2023.2255688
Ezgi Eroğlu Çakmakoğlu, Adalet Çelebi, Muhammet Bahaeddin Dörtbudak, Hayati Yüksel, Aydın Keskinruzgar
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of ellagic acid on 5-fluorouracil-induced oral mucositis in rats. Twenty-four 6-month-old male Wistar albino rats were used. The rats were divided into three groups: Experimental Group I, Experimental Group II and Control Group. A superficial scratch was made on the mucosa of the right cheek pouch on the 3rd day and the 5th day. Oral mucositis protocol was applied to the Control Group. Ellagic acid was administered by gavage to the Experimental Group I from the 1st day to the 5th day along with the 5-FU procedure, and to the Experimental Group II from the 5th day to the 10th day. On the 11th day, all rats were sacrificed. The effect of ellagic acid on the healing of oral mucositis was evaluated histopathologically and immunohistochemically. TNF-α expression was observed at various intensities in the infected incision sites of the Experimental Group I sample, especially in the interstitial area in the lamina propria and mostly in the cytoplasm of the inflammatory cells within the vessel. Similar to the Experimental Group I, TNF-α expression of varying intensity occurred in the inflammatory cells in the Experimental Group II, partly in the epithelium and mostly in the inflammatory cells in the lamina propria. Additional research is needed to elucidate the pathogenic inflammatory mechanisms involved in the mucositis site and the prophylactic and therapeutic roles of antioxidants in the healing of oral mucositis by ellagic acid.
{"title":"Ellagic acid for oral mucositis: investigation of the therapeutic effect in rats","authors":"Ezgi Eroğlu Çakmakoğlu, Adalet Çelebi, Muhammet Bahaeddin Dörtbudak, Hayati Yüksel, Aydın Keskinruzgar","doi":"10.1080/13102818.2023.2255688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13102818.2023.2255688","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of ellagic acid on 5-fluorouracil-induced oral mucositis in rats. Twenty-four 6-month-old male Wistar albino rats were used. The rats were divided into three groups: Experimental Group I, Experimental Group II and Control Group. A superficial scratch was made on the mucosa of the right cheek pouch on the 3rd day and the 5th day. Oral mucositis protocol was applied to the Control Group. Ellagic acid was administered by gavage to the Experimental Group I from the 1st day to the 5th day along with the 5-FU procedure, and to the Experimental Group II from the 5th day to the 10th day. On the 11th day, all rats were sacrificed. The effect of ellagic acid on the healing of oral mucositis was evaluated histopathologically and immunohistochemically. TNF-α expression was observed at various intensities in the infected incision sites of the Experimental Group I sample, especially in the interstitial area in the lamina propria and mostly in the cytoplasm of the inflammatory cells within the vessel. Similar to the Experimental Group I, TNF-α expression of varying intensity occurred in the inflammatory cells in the Experimental Group II, partly in the epithelium and mostly in the inflammatory cells in the lamina propria. Additional research is needed to elucidate the pathogenic inflammatory mechanisms involved in the mucositis site and the prophylactic and therapeutic roles of antioxidants in the healing of oral mucositis by ellagic acid.","PeriodicalId":9076,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135363221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-30DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2023.2253926
Olga Antonova, Zora Hammoudeh, Zornitza Yordanova, Boris Mladenov
Bladder cancer holds a steady 10th place among oncological diseases. Follow-up and timely diagnosis of recurrence and progression of bladder cancer are still based on regular but outdated cystoscopy followed by cytological examination. To reduce the number of cystoscopy procedures, new and reliable biomarkers for predicting tumor behavior must be developed. The aim of this study was to confirm our previous results that demonstrated overexpression of AP1S1, CDK9, FIGF and HDAC11 in muscle-invasive bladder cancer. The project management was performed using iterative flexible project work (Flexible Methodology for Innovative Projects in Scientific Organizations, FMIPSO). Gene expression analysis of the AP1S1, CDK9, FIGF and HDAC11 genes was evaluated in 39 newly collected non-invasive and muscle-invasive bladder tumors. Differential gene expression was calculated using the ΔΔCt method with GPDH as a housekeeping gene. The 4,0-fold change in gene expression was used as a cutoff to determine up- or down-regulation compared to the negative control. Our results demonstrate the involvement of the FIGF, CDK9 and HDAC11 in tumor progression and their potential use as candidate biomarkers to characterize invasive tumor phenotype and muscle progression, as well as potentially reduce the number of cystoscopies. We used FMIPSO to be able to achieve the results at the optimum level of efficiency and control of the project with all possible constraints in scientific organizations.
{"title":"Determination of expression level of <i>AP1S1, CDK9, FIGF</i> and <i>HDAC11</i> genes in bladder tumors for aggressive phenotype characterization","authors":"Olga Antonova, Zora Hammoudeh, Zornitza Yordanova, Boris Mladenov","doi":"10.1080/13102818.2023.2253926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13102818.2023.2253926","url":null,"abstract":"Bladder cancer holds a steady 10th place among oncological diseases. Follow-up and timely diagnosis of recurrence and progression of bladder cancer are still based on regular but outdated cystoscopy followed by cytological examination. To reduce the number of cystoscopy procedures, new and reliable biomarkers for predicting tumor behavior must be developed. The aim of this study was to confirm our previous results that demonstrated overexpression of AP1S1, CDK9, FIGF and HDAC11 in muscle-invasive bladder cancer. The project management was performed using iterative flexible project work (Flexible Methodology for Innovative Projects in Scientific Organizations, FMIPSO). Gene expression analysis of the AP1S1, CDK9, FIGF and HDAC11 genes was evaluated in 39 newly collected non-invasive and muscle-invasive bladder tumors. Differential gene expression was calculated using the ΔΔCt method with GPDH as a housekeeping gene. The 4,0-fold change in gene expression was used as a cutoff to determine up- or down-regulation compared to the negative control. Our results demonstrate the involvement of the FIGF, CDK9 and HDAC11 in tumor progression and their potential use as candidate biomarkers to characterize invasive tumor phenotype and muscle progression, as well as potentially reduce the number of cystoscopies. We used FMIPSO to be able to achieve the results at the optimum level of efficiency and control of the project with all possible constraints in scientific organizations.","PeriodicalId":9076,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136162555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Liquid biopsy is a non-invasive method of detecting cancer-related mutations from circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) and has emerged as a promising alternative to traditional tissue biopsies. However, its utility has so far been limited to the detection of somatic mutations in cancer cells. Our study examined germline mutations that are associated with pharmacogenetics in 19 patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer and 12 patients with non-small cell lung carcinoma, utilizing the highly advanced and non-invasive technique of liquid biopsy, followed by subsequent next-generation sequencing for comprehensive analysis. Despite the relatively modest sample size of patients under consideration, our results indicated a noteworthy correlation between the presence of adverse effects and the identified germline mutations. We have identified the following mutations with significant implications for pharmacogenetics: MTHFR c.1286A > C, MTHFR c.665C > T, DPYD c.2194G > A, DPYD c.85C > T, XPC c.2815C > A, UMPS c.638G > C, SLC22A2 c.808T > G, EGFR c.1562G > A, ABCB1 2677 T > G, GSTP1 c.313A > G, ERCC2 c.2251A > C, and SLC19A1 c.80A > G. In addition, we observed various adverse drug reactions in our patient cohort, encompassing myelosuppression, hepatotoxicity, neurotoxicity and gastrointestinal toxicity. Liquid biopsy has the potential to revolutionize cancer diagnosis and treatment by detecting both somatic and germline mutations. The preliminary results of studies on germline mutations are promising, but further research is needed to address the remaining challenges and to establish the utility of liquid biopsy as a reliable diagnostic tool for germline mutations.
{"title":"Liquid biopsy: an innovative and reliable method for detecting not only somatic, but also germline mutations in patients with colorectal and non-small cell lung carcinoma","authors":"Nelly Miteva-Marcheva, Hristo Ivanov, Veselin Popov, Gabriela Raycheva, Zhanet Grudeva-Popova, Vili Stoyanova","doi":"10.1080/13102818.2023.2249560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13102818.2023.2249560","url":null,"abstract":"Liquid biopsy is a non-invasive method of detecting cancer-related mutations from circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) and has emerged as a promising alternative to traditional tissue biopsies. However, its utility has so far been limited to the detection of somatic mutations in cancer cells. Our study examined germline mutations that are associated with pharmacogenetics in 19 patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer and 12 patients with non-small cell lung carcinoma, utilizing the highly advanced and non-invasive technique of liquid biopsy, followed by subsequent next-generation sequencing for comprehensive analysis. Despite the relatively modest sample size of patients under consideration, our results indicated a noteworthy correlation between the presence of adverse effects and the identified germline mutations. We have identified the following mutations with significant implications for pharmacogenetics: MTHFR c.1286A > C, MTHFR c.665C > T, DPYD c.2194G > A, DPYD c.85C > T, XPC c.2815C > A, UMPS c.638G > C, SLC22A2 c.808T > G, EGFR c.1562G > A, ABCB1 2677 T > G, GSTP1 c.313A > G, ERCC2 c.2251A > C, and SLC19A1 c.80A > G. In addition, we observed various adverse drug reactions in our patient cohort, encompassing myelosuppression, hepatotoxicity, neurotoxicity and gastrointestinal toxicity. Liquid biopsy has the potential to revolutionize cancer diagnosis and treatment by detecting both somatic and germline mutations. The preliminary results of studies on germline mutations are promising, but further research is needed to address the remaining challenges and to establish the utility of liquid biopsy as a reliable diagnostic tool for germline mutations.","PeriodicalId":9076,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135716335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-20DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2023.2225653
Rui Li, Jing Gao, Nan Wang, Yonggang Yan, Gang Zhang, Jiakun Yan
WRKY transcription factors (TF) control a variety of biological processes in higher plants, including abiotic and biotic stress responses. WRKY genes have been identified and functionally characterized in many plant species during the past ten years, but despite this progress, few investigations have focused on this TF family in licorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.). This study identified 72 WRKY genes from the licorice genome and classified them into three groups. The gene structure analysis indicated that the GuWRKY genes contain from one to eight introns, with the majority having two introns and three exons. Conserved motif analysis identified the conserved WRKY domain in most GuWRKYs. Further analysis of the promoter region revealed that almost all GuWRKYs had plant hormone- or stress-responsive cis-regulatory elements, with differences in the number of elements among the groups. The role of 10 selected GuWRKYs in regulating abiotic stress responses was further explored via quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) after low-temperature (4 °C), salt (150 mmol·L−1 NaCl), drought (15% polyethylene glycol 6000) treatments at 3, 6, 12, and 24 h. Thus, our study of the WRKY gene family in licorice provides a basis for further research on the structure and function of WRKY genes.
{"title":"<i>WRKY</i> gene family of Licorice (<i>Glycyrrhiza uralensis</i>): identification and expression analysis in response to abiotic stress","authors":"Rui Li, Jing Gao, Nan Wang, Yonggang Yan, Gang Zhang, Jiakun Yan","doi":"10.1080/13102818.2023.2225653","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13102818.2023.2225653","url":null,"abstract":"WRKY transcription factors (TF) control a variety of biological processes in higher plants, including abiotic and biotic stress responses. WRKY genes have been identified and functionally characterized in many plant species during the past ten years, but despite this progress, few investigations have focused on this TF family in licorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.). This study identified 72 WRKY genes from the licorice genome and classified them into three groups. The gene structure analysis indicated that the GuWRKY genes contain from one to eight introns, with the majority having two introns and three exons. Conserved motif analysis identified the conserved WRKY domain in most GuWRKYs. Further analysis of the promoter region revealed that almost all GuWRKYs had plant hormone- or stress-responsive cis-regulatory elements, with differences in the number of elements among the groups. The role of 10 selected GuWRKYs in regulating abiotic stress responses was further explored via quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) after low-temperature (4 °C), salt (150 mmol·L−1 NaCl), drought (15% polyethylene glycol 6000) treatments at 3, 6, 12, and 24 h. Thus, our study of the WRKY gene family in licorice provides a basis for further research on the structure and function of WRKY genes.","PeriodicalId":9076,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135236350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-12DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2023.2206488
Teodor Kirilov, Anastas Gospodinov, Kiril Kirilov
The duplication of genetic information (DNA replication) is central to life. Numerous control mechanisms ensure the exact course of the process during each cell division. Disturbances of DNA replication have severe consequences for the affected cell, and current models link them to cancer development. One of the most accurate methods for studying DNA replication is labelling newly synthesised DNA molecules with halogenated nucleotides, followed by immunofluorescence and microscopy detection, known as DNA fibre labelling. The method allows the registration of the activity of single replication complexes by measuring the length of the “trace” left by each of them. The major difficulty of the method is the labor-intensive analysis, which requires measuring the lengths of a large number of labelled fragments. Recently, the interest in this kind of image analysis has grown rapidly. In this project we have developed an algorithm and a lightweight Java application to automatically analyse single DNA molecule images that we have named “DNA size finder”. DNA size finder significantly simplified the analysis of the experimental data while increasing reliability by the standardised measurement of a greater number of DNA molecules. It is freely available and does not require any paid platforms or services to be used. We hope that the application will facilitate both the study of DNA replication control and the effects of various compounds used in human activity on the process of DNA replication.
{"title":"An algorithm and application to efficiently analyse DNA fibre data","authors":"Teodor Kirilov, Anastas Gospodinov, Kiril Kirilov","doi":"10.1080/13102818.2023.2206488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13102818.2023.2206488","url":null,"abstract":"The duplication of genetic information (DNA replication) is central to life. Numerous control mechanisms ensure the exact course of the process during each cell division. Disturbances of DNA replication have severe consequences for the affected cell, and current models link them to cancer development. One of the most accurate methods for studying DNA replication is labelling newly synthesised DNA molecules with halogenated nucleotides, followed by immunofluorescence and microscopy detection, known as DNA fibre labelling. The method allows the registration of the activity of single replication complexes by measuring the length of the “trace” left by each of them. The major difficulty of the method is the labor-intensive analysis, which requires measuring the lengths of a large number of labelled fragments. Recently, the interest in this kind of image analysis has grown rapidly. In this project we have developed an algorithm and a lightweight Java application to automatically analyse single DNA molecule images that we have named “DNA size finder”. DNA size finder significantly simplified the analysis of the experimental data while increasing reliability by the standardised measurement of a greater number of DNA molecules. It is freely available and does not require any paid platforms or services to be used. We hope that the application will facilitate both the study of DNA replication control and the effects of various compounds used in human activity on the process of DNA replication.","PeriodicalId":9076,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135288142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-17DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2023.2179857
Malina Markova, Stefan Stefanov, Albena Teltcharova-Mihaylovska, Alexander Oscar
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common systemic autoimmune disease in childhood, which can cause non-infectious uveitis. Ocular inflammation is the most severe, sight-threatening extra-articular complication. In this prospective three-year study 81 children with identified autoimmune diseases were observed of whom 56 were with JIA. Uveitis was observed in 21 of the children with JIA. All children were followed up for three years between December 2019 and November 2022 in the Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital ‘Alexandrovska’ and the Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, University Children Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria. Uveitis developed in 21 (37.5%) of 51 children diagnosed with JIA. Systemic immunosuppressive medications were more common among children with uveitis (31[38.27%]), compared to children without uveitis (27 [23.1%]). Ocular complications occurred in 15[26.78%] of the children with JIA. The early onset of uveitis after the diagnosis of JIA was a risk factor for developing ocular complications. Detected antinuclear antibodies (ANA) was also a risk factor for developing uveitis in children with JIA. The median age at the time of diagnosis of uveitis was 3.76 years. Our results support the recommendation that the screening for uveitis should start immediately when arthritis is suspected or confirmed and that all children with JIA should be monitored by an ophthalmologist every three to six months. Systemic immunosuppressive treatment in combination with biological therapy is considered early in the course of the disease in children with a high risk of developing ocular complications.
{"title":"Prospective study of uveitis in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis over a 3-year period","authors":"Malina Markova, Stefan Stefanov, Albena Teltcharova-Mihaylovska, Alexander Oscar","doi":"10.1080/13102818.2023.2179857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13102818.2023.2179857","url":null,"abstract":"Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common systemic autoimmune disease in childhood, which can cause non-infectious uveitis. Ocular inflammation is the most severe, sight-threatening extra-articular complication. In this prospective three-year study 81 children with identified autoimmune diseases were observed of whom 56 were with JIA. Uveitis was observed in 21 of the children with JIA. All children were followed up for three years between December 2019 and November 2022 in the Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital ‘Alexandrovska’ and the Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, University Children Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria. Uveitis developed in 21 (37.5%) of 51 children diagnosed with JIA. Systemic immunosuppressive medications were more common among children with uveitis (31[38.27%]), compared to children without uveitis (27 [23.1%]). Ocular complications occurred in 15[26.78%] of the children with JIA. The early onset of uveitis after the diagnosis of JIA was a risk factor for developing ocular complications. Detected antinuclear antibodies (ANA) was also a risk factor for developing uveitis in children with JIA. The median age at the time of diagnosis of uveitis was 3.76 years. Our results support the recommendation that the screening for uveitis should start immediately when arthritis is suspected or confirmed and that all children with JIA should be monitored by an ophthalmologist every three to six months. Systemic immunosuppressive treatment in combination with biological therapy is considered early in the course of the disease in children with a high risk of developing ocular complications.","PeriodicalId":9076,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135424305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2022.2145237
K. Zaykova, S. Nikolova, Rouzha Pancheva, Asena Serbezova
Abstract Antimicrobial resistance occurs naturally but is enhanced by human activities related to the use of antibiotics (for example, excessive use and misuse of antimicrobial agents). Our study aimed to gain insight into the knowledge, attitudes and practice of the use of antibiotics among the general Bulgarian population. A cross-sectional survey was conducted during a 4-week period in April-May 2022. Our sample included 516 participants of whom 398 (77.1%) were females, mainly Bulgarians by ethnic group, with a university degree (master degree 58.9%; bachelor degree 17.2%) and living in big regional cities (91.5%). The main health reasons that respondents from all age groups share for taking antibiotics in the last year were bronchitis, sore throat, infections, including urinary tract infections, and pneumonia. Interestingly, about 14% of the respondents have treated the SARS-2-coronavirus infection with antibiotics. Our results highlighted existing attitudes toward antibiotic use in the surveyed sample. Overall, respondents from all age groups showed similarities in their attitudes toward treatment with antibiotics. People’s behavior and actions toward antibiotics play an important role in the spread of antimicrobial resistance. Our study provided some important insights concerning the knowledge and practices related to antibiotic use and antimicrobial resistance in the Bulgarian population. In general, good knowledge of antibiotic use and antimicrobial resistance was evident among the surveyed sample.
{"title":"A survey of knowledge, attitudes and use of antibiotics among Bulgarian population","authors":"K. Zaykova, S. Nikolova, Rouzha Pancheva, Asena Serbezova","doi":"10.1080/13102818.2022.2145237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13102818.2022.2145237","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Antimicrobial resistance occurs naturally but is enhanced by human activities related to the use of antibiotics (for example, excessive use and misuse of antimicrobial agents). Our study aimed to gain insight into the knowledge, attitudes and practice of the use of antibiotics among the general Bulgarian population. A cross-sectional survey was conducted during a 4-week period in April-May 2022. Our sample included 516 participants of whom 398 (77.1%) were females, mainly Bulgarians by ethnic group, with a university degree (master degree 58.9%; bachelor degree 17.2%) and living in big regional cities (91.5%). The main health reasons that respondents from all age groups share for taking antibiotics in the last year were bronchitis, sore throat, infections, including urinary tract infections, and pneumonia. Interestingly, about 14% of the respondents have treated the SARS-2-coronavirus infection with antibiotics. Our results highlighted existing attitudes toward antibiotic use in the surveyed sample. Overall, respondents from all age groups showed similarities in their attitudes toward treatment with antibiotics. People’s behavior and actions toward antibiotics play an important role in the spread of antimicrobial resistance. Our study provided some important insights concerning the knowledge and practices related to antibiotic use and antimicrobial resistance in the Bulgarian population. In general, good knowledge of antibiotic use and antimicrobial resistance was evident among the surveyed sample.","PeriodicalId":9076,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45104040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2022.2050944
B. Zhu, Xiyan Hu, Shuanghong You, Jianjie Gao, X. Fu, Hong-juan Han, Zhen-jun Li, Q. Yao
Abstract The degradation of organic pollutants in plants involves uptake and diffusion through the roots, trunk or leaves, transformation, accumulation and/or volatilization of soil- and aqueous-phase contaminants. 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), the most widely used explosive, is toxic to a number of photosynthetic organisms, poses hazards to human health and pollutes the environment because it is recalcitrant to degradation. In this study, we investigated the nitroreductase gene from Citrobacter freundii in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants. Transgenic plants showed a promising ability to tolerate, take up and detoxify TNT. Our results suggest that transgenic plants show higher potential for removing and transformation of TNT. The expression of nitroreductase in Arabidopsis could be useful for phytoremediation and could be explored for the effective cleanup of TNT-contaminated sites.
{"title":"Toxicity and degradation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene in transgenic Arabidopsis expressing Citrobacter freundii nitroreductase","authors":"B. Zhu, Xiyan Hu, Shuanghong You, Jianjie Gao, X. Fu, Hong-juan Han, Zhen-jun Li, Q. Yao","doi":"10.1080/13102818.2022.2050944","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13102818.2022.2050944","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The degradation of organic pollutants in plants involves uptake and diffusion through the roots, trunk or leaves, transformation, accumulation and/or volatilization of soil- and aqueous-phase contaminants. 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), the most widely used explosive, is toxic to a number of photosynthetic organisms, poses hazards to human health and pollutes the environment because it is recalcitrant to degradation. In this study, we investigated the nitroreductase gene from Citrobacter freundii in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants. Transgenic plants showed a promising ability to tolerate, take up and detoxify TNT. Our results suggest that transgenic plants show higher potential for removing and transformation of TNT. The expression of nitroreductase in Arabidopsis could be useful for phytoremediation and could be explored for the effective cleanup of TNT-contaminated sites.","PeriodicalId":9076,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42697780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2022.2054727
Fengfan Liu, Zhihao Shi, Weike Su, Jiequn Wu
Abstract Enzymes have been widely studied for their excellent efficiency, selectivity and environmentally benign nature. However, the development of their biocatalytic applications is severely limited by the lack of stability and reusability. Nanostructured materials have been demonstrated as efficient hosts for the immobilization of enzyme due to their large surface areas as well as higher activities and long-term stability. Furthermore, nanomaterials with enzyme-like characteristics are explored as highly stable and low-cost alternatives to mimic the structures and functions of naturally occurring enzymes. This review offers an overview on the research status of enzymatic immobilization adapted from nanostructured materials and nanozymes in numerous fields, from biosensing and biocatalysis to environmental remediation, with emphasis focused on current challenges and future directions in highly selective and efficient biocatalysis.
{"title":"State of the art and applications in nanostructured biocatalysis","authors":"Fengfan Liu, Zhihao Shi, Weike Su, Jiequn Wu","doi":"10.1080/13102818.2022.2054727","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13102818.2022.2054727","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Enzymes have been widely studied for their excellent efficiency, selectivity and environmentally benign nature. However, the development of their biocatalytic applications is severely limited by the lack of stability and reusability. Nanostructured materials have been demonstrated as efficient hosts for the immobilization of enzyme due to their large surface areas as well as higher activities and long-term stability. Furthermore, nanomaterials with enzyme-like characteristics are explored as highly stable and low-cost alternatives to mimic the structures and functions of naturally occurring enzymes. This review offers an overview on the research status of enzymatic immobilization adapted from nanostructured materials and nanozymes in numerous fields, from biosensing and biocatalysis to environmental remediation, with emphasis focused on current challenges and future directions in highly selective and efficient biocatalysis.","PeriodicalId":9076,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47670625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2022.2053341
C. E. Edoamodu, U. Nwodo
Abstract Advanced industrialization has caused an increase in the continuous discharge of hazardous effluents in the environment. This study evaluated the potential of the laccase synthesized by Bacillus sp. NU2 to degrade five synthetic dyes. Sawdust, wheat bran and peels of banana and tangerine were utilized as carbon sources for bacterial growth and laccase production. The produced crude enzyme was purified to homogeneity to determine its molecular weight. The kinetic activity of the purified laccase was determined using 2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS). The toxicity of the laccase-treated dye solution was assessed on Bacillus sp. NU2 growth. The result showed optimum laccase yield from the tangerine peel medium. The purified laccase gave a specific activity of 349.94 U mg−1 and a molecular weight of 55 kDa, respectively. The purified laccase displayed a strong affinity for ABTS substrate with an enzyme activity of 31.21 U mg−1. It was optimum at 60 °C and pH 8, with catalytic efficiency (Kcat /Km ) of 23.93 mmol L−1. The decolourization effects on Congo Red, Methyl Orange, Remazol Brilliant Blue R, Reactive Blue 4 and Malachite Green were 87%, 70%, 65%, 63% and 51%, respectively. The toxicity assay of laccase degraded dyes on Bacillus sp. NU2 showed a growth reduction of 36.75% (Malachite Green), 12.57% (Congo Red), 17.19% (Methyl Orange), 38.41% (Remazol Brilliant Blue R) and 28.14% (Reactive Blue 4). The laccase produced by Bacillus sp. NU2 holds a high catalytic potential for the detoxification of dye effluents in an environmental system.
摘要先进的工业化导致环境中有害废水的连续排放量增加。本研究评估了芽孢杆菌NU2合成的漆酶降解五种合成染料的潜力。木屑、麦麸、香蕉皮和陈皮被用作细菌生长和漆酶生产的碳源。将制备的粗酶纯化至均匀，以测定其分子量。用2，2′-叠氮双-（3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸）（ABTS）测定了纯化漆酶的动力学活性。评价了漆酶处理的染料溶液对芽孢杆菌NU2生长的毒性。结果表明，陈皮培养基中漆酶产量最高。纯化漆酶的比活为349.94 U mg−1，分子量为55 kDa。纯化的漆酶对ABTS底物具有很强的亲和力，酶活性为31.21 U mg−1。它在60岁时是最佳的 °C和pH 8，催化效率（Kcat/Km）为23.93 mmol L−1。对刚果红、甲基橙、瑞玛唑亮蓝R、反应蓝4和孔雀绿的脱色效果分别为87%、70%、65%、63%和51%。漆酶降解染料对芽孢杆菌（Bacillus sp.NU2）的毒性试验显示，生长降低了36.75%（孔雀绿）、12.57%（刚果红）、17.19%（甲基橙）、38.41%（瑞玛唑亮蓝R）和28.14%（反应蓝4）。芽孢杆菌NU2产生的漆酶在环境系统中对染料废水的解毒具有很高的催化潜力。
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