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Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Journal of Psychological Studies, Vol. 12, No. 4 《国际心理研究杂志》第12卷第4期审稿人致谢
Pub Date : 2020-11-30 DOI: 10.5539/ijps.v12n4p60
Barbara Sun
Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Journal of Psychological Studies, Vol. 12, No. 4
《国际心理研究杂志》第12卷第4期书评人致谢
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引用次数: 0
Roles of Fear of Happiness and Fragility of Happiness in Nigerian Military Personnel Workload 幸福恐惧和幸福脆弱性在尼日利亚军事人员工作量中的作用
Pub Date : 2020-11-27 DOI: 10.5539/ijps.v12n4p53
Ikechukwu V. N. Ujoatuonu, C. O. Okafor, G. Kanu, Izuchukwu L. G. Ndukahie, Raphael Nwaleke
In the light of conflicts and Boko Haram insurgency facing Nigeria as a county and the involvement of the military in the fight against terrorists, the study of workload and happiness need to be researched more to gain greater acceptance and become one of the global indices on which nations’ military are measured and ranked. Our study anchors on multiple resource and information processing theory to assess the roles of fear and fragility of happiness in workload among Nigerian military personnel. Two hundred and twenty (220) Nigerian soldiers, drawn from Nigerian Army and Nigerian Air Force participated in this study. Three instruments , namely, Workload Scale, Fear of Happiness Scale and Fragility of Happiness Scale, were used to collect data from the participants. Results of hierarchical multiple regression analysis indicated that fear of happiness was not significantly associated with work load. Fragility of happiness positively predicted work load, indicating that military personnel who had greater fragility of happiness reported greater workload. It was concluded that workplace interventions and programs to curtail fragility of happiness would be helpful in reducing the perceptions of excess workload among Nigerian military personnel.
鉴于尼日利亚作为一个国家面临的冲突和博科圣地叛乱,以及军队参与打击恐怖分子的斗争,需要对工作量和幸福感的研究进行更多的研究,以获得更多的认可,并成为衡量和排名各国军队的全球指数之一。我们的研究以多元资源和信息处理理论为基础,评估尼日利亚军事人员的恐惧和幸福脆弱性在工作量中的作用。来自尼日利亚陆军和尼日利亚空军的220名尼日利亚士兵参与了这项研究。使用三种工具,即工作量量表、对幸福的恐惧量表和幸福脆弱性量表,收集参与者的数据。分层多元回归分析结果表明,对幸福的恐惧与工作负荷没有显著相关性。幸福脆弱性正向预测工作量,表明幸福脆弱性越大的军人工作量越大。研究得出的结论是,减少幸福脆弱性的工作场所干预和计划将有助于减少尼日利亚军事人员对工作量过大的看法。
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引用次数: 1
Psychological Risk Factors of Future Drug Offending among Young Offenders in Hong Kong - A Longitudinal Study 香港青少年罪犯未来吸毒的心理风险因素-一项纵向研究
Pub Date : 2020-11-26 DOI: 10.5539/ijps.v12n4p31
Elise S. W. Hung
In recent years there is a growing concern on drug offenders in Hong Kong. Despite its over-representation in prison and recidivists, drug offending has seldom been studied systematically in risk factor research. The issue as to whether drug offending has specific psychological risk factors or they share a common set of risk factors with general offending remains largely unaddressed. This research applied a longitudinal design to investigate this issue. Using a data-set on young offenders’ psychological characteristics established in 2004 in the Hong Kong Correctional Services, and re-conviction data retrieved 11 years later in 2015, ANCOVA with planned orthogonal contrasts and Discriminant Function Analysis, Correlation and Regression analyses were used to analyze factors predicting post-release outcomes including recidivism, drug offending, and crime severity. Results revealed two sets of psychological risk factors with little overlap that could predict general recidivism (of all types of crime) and future drug offending. Recidivism could be predicted by low Future Time Perspective and Empathy, and high Assertiveness. Low Empathy was predictive of post-release crime severity of non-drug offending recidivists. Drug offending, in contrast, could be predicted by high Impulsiveness and Social Problem-solving deficits during adolescence. These two variables, together with low Assertiveness, also predicted post-release crime severity of drug-offending recidivists. Implications to future intervention and research were discussed.
近年来,香港对毒品犯罪者的关注日益增加。尽管毒品犯罪在监狱和累犯中的比例过高,但在风险因素研究中很少对其进行系统研究。毒品犯罪是否有特定的心理风险因素,或者它们与一般犯罪有一组共同的风险因素,这一问题在很大程度上仍未得到解决。本研究采用纵向设计来研究这一问题。利用香港惩教署2004年建立的青少年罪犯心理特征数据集和11年后于2015年检索的再犯罪数据,采用计划正交对照和判别函数分析、相关和回归分析的ANCOVA分析预测释放后结果的因素,包括再犯罪、毒品犯罪、,以及犯罪的严重性。结果显示,两组几乎没有重叠的心理风险因素可以预测(所有类型的犯罪)一般累犯和未来的毒品犯罪。累犯可以通过低的未来时间视角和移情以及高的自信来预测。低移情是非毒品犯罪累犯释放后犯罪严重程度的预测指标。相比之下,青少年时期的高度冲动和解决社会问题的缺陷可以预测毒品犯罪。这两个变量,加上低自信度,也预测了毒品犯罪累犯释放后的犯罪严重程度。讨论了对未来干预和研究的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Suicides Before, During, and After Daylight Savings Time in the United States 美国夏令时之前、期间和之后的自杀事件
Pub Date : 2020-11-26 DOI: 10.5539/ijps.v12n4p47
G. Popoli, K. Curry
This study was designed to investigate differences in the number of suicides committed in the United States before, during, and after daylight savings time (DST). Conflicting results in the literature suggest both a positive and negative effect of DST in the physical, mental, behavioral aspects society. As a result, some states are proposing legislation to abolish DST while others are trying to make DST permanent. This study is designed to investigate whether DST has a positive negative, or no effect on the frequency of suicide. Archival data from a governmental public database containing the total number of suicides by year and month from 2000-2017 was used. Daylight savings time was defined as the months of March through October while non-DST consisted of the remaining 4 months. The data were organized into 3 groups of 4 months beginning in November, 2007 and ending in October, 2017. The results demonstrated a statistically significant increase in suicides during DST. Most suicides were committed during July-October (M = 74.69, SD = 68.86), compared to March-June (M = 73.56, SD = 67.89), and November-February (M = 67.00, SD = 61.41). Despite disagreement in the literature, this study would suggest eliminating DST altogether. These results support other evidence which suggest a detrimental effect of DST, especially with respect to the psychological and behavioral aspects of public health. Nevertheless, there is still a need for more research to determine the impact of these one hour time shifts in the Spring and Fall.
本研究旨在调查美国在夏令时(DST)之前、期间和之后自杀人数的差异。文献中相互矛盾的结果表明,夏令时在社会的身体、心理和行为方面既有积极的影响,也有消极的影响。因此,一些州提议立法废除夏时制,而另一些州则试图使夏时制永久化。本研究旨在调查夏令时是否对自杀频率有正面、负面或没有影响。该研究使用了政府公共数据库中的档案数据,其中包含2000年至2017年各月份的自杀总数。夏令时被定义为3月到10月,而非夏令时包括剩下的4个月。数据分为3组,每组4个月,开始于2007年11月,结束于2017年10月。结果显示,在夏令时期间自杀率有统计学上的显著增加。7 - 10月自杀人数最多(M = 74.69, SD = 68.86),而3 - 6月(M = 73.56, SD = 67.89)和11 - 2月(M = 67.00, SD = 61.41)自杀人数最多。尽管文献中存在分歧,但这项研究建议完全取消夏令时。这些结果支持了其他证据,表明夏令时有害影响,特别是在公共卫生的心理和行为方面。然而,仍然需要更多的研究来确定春季和秋季这一小时的时间变化的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Personality, Parental Behavior, and Attachment to Close Friends 个性、父母行为和对亲密朋友的依恋
Pub Date : 2020-11-03 DOI: 10.5539/ijps.v12n4p19
T. P. Ivanec, Antonia Babojelić
The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between young women’s personality traits, perceived parental behavior of their parents, and the dimensions of attachment to close friends. Results generally indicated significant effects of personality traits and parental behavior on attachment to close friends. More specifically, agreeableness was a negative predictor of attachment anxiety, and neuroticism was a positive predictor of the same attachment dimension. Both agreeableness and extraversion were negative predictors of attachment avoidance. Parental behavior was predictive for attachment avoidance in close friendship, while there were no effects of parental behavior on attachment anxiety. Mothers’ supportiveness and restrictive control were negative predictors of attachment avoidance, whereby fathers’ support was a positive predictor of this attachment dimension. The results imply the importance of both personality and parental behavior as determinants of attachment to close friends and also suggest the need for further research of specific associations within the context of these broad theoretical constructs.
本研究的目的是检验年轻女性的人格特征、父母感知的父母行为和对亲密朋友的依恋维度之间的关系。研究结果普遍表明,人格特征和父母行为对亲密朋友依恋有显著影响。更具体地说,宜人性是依恋焦虑的负向预测因子,神经质是相同依恋维度的正向预测因子。宜人性和外向性都是依恋回避的负面预测因素。父母行为对亲密友谊中的依恋回避具有预测作用,而父母行为对依恋焦虑没有影响。母亲的支持和限制性控制是依恋回避的负面预测因素,而父亲的支持是这种依恋维度的积极预测因素。研究结果表明,人格和父母行为都是亲密朋友依恋的决定因素,这一点很重要,也表明有必要在这些广泛的理论结构的背景下进一步研究特定的联系。
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引用次数: 0
Race is Still Black and White: Voluntary Racial Phenotypic Change Elicits Meaning Threat and Backlash 种族仍然是黑人和白人:自愿的种族表型变化精英意味着威胁和反弹
Pub Date : 2020-10-29 DOI: 10.5539/ijps.v12n4p1
J. Seliger, Avi Ben-Zeev
We offer evidence that a target who voluntarily changes his/her racial phenotypic features causes perceivers to engage in two-pronged social policing of racial group boundaries: (a) vilifying and disliking the target (cognitive and affective backlash; external policing) (Experiments 1a-1b, 2, & 3) and (b) increasing own racial essentialism, in response to a meaning threat (internal policing) (Experiment 3). In all experiments, participants received a vignette of a protagonist that underwent non-elective surgery (white/Asian, Experiments 1a-1b; white/Black, Experiments 2-3). In the voluntary change condition, the protagonist asks that the surgeon change his/her racial features to resemble that of a different race whereas, in the involuntary change condition the protagonist asks that the surgeon keep his/her racial features intact (Experiment 1: eye shape, Experiment 2: Afrocentric features). Findings supported the predictions and showed a dissociation between similarity and categorization judgments, underscoring the essentialized versus socially constructed nature of beliefs about race.
我们提供的证据表明,自愿改变其种族表型特征的目标会导致感知者对种族群体边界进行双管齐下的社会监督:(a)诋毁和不喜欢目标(认知和情感反弹;外部监督)(实验1a-1b、2和3)和(b)增加自己的种族本质主义,以响应意义威胁(内部监管)(实验3)。在所有实验中,参与者都收到了一个主角接受非选择性手术的小插曲(白人/亚洲人,实验1a-1b;白人/黑人,实验2-3)。在自愿改变的情况下,主人公要求外科医生改变他/她的种族特征,使其与不同种族的种族特征相似,而在非自愿改变的条件下,主人公则要求外科医生保持其种族特征不变(实验1:眼睛形状,实验2:以非洲为中心的特征)。研究结果支持了这些预测,并显示了相似性和分类判断之间的分离,强调了关于种族的信仰的本质化与社会构建的本质。
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引用次数: 0
Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Journal of Psychological Studies, Vol. 12, No. 3 《国际心理研究杂志》第12卷第3期书评人致谢
Pub Date : 2020-08-31 DOI: 10.5539/ijps.v12n3p55
Barbara Sun
Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Journal of Psychological Studies, Vol. 12, No. 3
《国际心理研究杂志》第12卷第3期书评人致谢
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引用次数: 0
The Effect of Family Function on Social Adjustment and Self-Regulation of High School Students 家庭功能对中学生社会适应和自我调节的影响
Pub Date : 2020-08-31 DOI: 10.5539/ijps.v12n3p50
M. Parsian, Somayeh Kamali Igoli, Khadijehi Abolmaali Alhossein
This paper examines the family function on social adjustment and self-regulation of high school students. The research method is descriptive-correlational. The statistical population consists of all second-high school girl students in the city of Ghaemshahr. 110 female students were randomly selected as the research sample size. The results showed that there is a significant difference between family function and social adjustment and self-regulation of high school students at the error level of less than 0.01 and confidence level of 0.99. Based on regression analysis, family function variables (with a coefficient of 0.46) and social adjustment (with a coefficient of 0.44) had the highest coefficient of standardized regression, respectively, on the dependent variable of student self-regulation.
本文考察了家庭在高中生社会适应和自我调节中的作用。研究方法为描述性相关研究。统计人口包括盖姆沙赫尔市的所有二年级女生。随机抽取110名女生作为研究样本。结果表明,高中生的家庭功能与社会适应和自我调节之间存在显著差异,误差水平小于0.01,置信水平为0.99。基于回归分析,家庭功能变量(系数0.46)和社会适应(系数0.44)对学生自我调节因变量的标准化回归系数最高。
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引用次数: 1
Personality Types and Patterns of Marital Conflict among Married Staff of Selected Universities in Southwest Nigeria 尼日利亚西南部部分大学已婚教职员工的人格类型和婚姻冲突模式
Pub Date : 2020-08-26 DOI: 10.5539/ijps.v12n3p37
J. Agboola, S. A. Oluwatosin
This study investigated the personality types and patterns of marital conflict among the staff of universities in southwest Nigeria. The study adopted a descriptive survey design. 1330 married staff members, proportionately selected from nine universities, using a multi-stage sampling technique, constituted the study sample. Prevalence of Patterns of Marital Interaction Questionnaire (PPMIQ) and Personality Type Questionnaire (PTQ) were used to collect data for the study. The results showed that 67.1% of the staff indicated that they experienced demand-withdraw pattern, while 26.8% experienced constructive pattern. Only 6.1% experienced a destructive pattern. The results also showed that the largest percentage of the staff (20.3%) indicated that the possessed Introverted Intuitive personality while 16.9% and 16.8% demonstrated Extroverted Thinking and Extroverted Feeling personalities respectively. The smallest percentage (1.9%) demonstrated Introverted Sensational Personality. Also, from the result of this study, it is obvious that married staff in universities in southwest Nigeria have one form of marital conflict or the other. Furthermore, based on the results of the analysis, it could be concluded that all three patterns of marital conflict are being experienced by the married staff. The demand-withdraw pattern, however, appeared to be the typical pattern among the married staff.
本研究调查了尼日利亚西南部大学教职员工婚姻冲突的人格类型和模式。该研究采用了描述性调查设计。采用多阶段抽样技术,从九所大学按比例选出1330名已婚工作人员,构成了研究样本。采用婚姻互动模式患病率问卷(PPMIQ)和人格类型问卷(PTQ)为研究收集数据。结果显示,67.1%的员工表示他们经历了需求撤回模式,26.8%的员工经历了建设性模式。只有6.1%的人经历了破坏性模式。结果还显示,员工中表现出内向直觉个性的比例最高(20.3%),表现出外向思维和外向感觉个性的比例分别为16.9%和16.8%。表现为内向感觉型人格的比例最小(1.9%)。此外,从这项研究的结果来看,尼日利亚西南部大学的已婚员工显然有一种或另一种形式的婚姻冲突。此外,根据分析结果,可以得出结论,已婚员工正在经历这三种婚姻冲突模式。然而,需求撤回模式似乎是已婚员工的典型模式。
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引用次数: 0
Factors Affecting Teachers Job Satisfaction in Case of Wachemo University 影响教师工作满意度的因素:以华奇莫大学为例
Pub Date : 2020-08-21 DOI: 10.5539/ijps.v12n3p28
Sewagegn Mola Melaku, Tigist Shifaraw Hundii
This study was design to assess factors that affect teachers’ job satisfaction in Wachemo University. To meet this objective, the researcher drew 768 in teachers in male are 663 and the rest of female are 105 in number. In order to make the study the researcher was select 54 males and 34 female’s teachers to determine sample size by using simple random sampling method. The main objective of this study was to assess and explore the factors that contribute to job satisfaction. The basic research question of this paper was first, what factors affect the teachers’ job satisfaction in working place second, what is negative the job satisfaction of teachers in working place Third, what mechanism are helps to reduce the existence of specific factors. So, the data collected is through questionnaire and interview. Finally, the collected data were analyzed by using table and percentage. The result revealed that the major work related factors that affect teachers’ job satisfaction were salary stressful job, overtime work without payment, relationship with top management opportunities for advancement, chance for promotion, and availability of teaching learning materials and rules and regulation of the campus. The study suggested that it is advisable to the concerned bodies especially the management organ of Wachemo University should give on attention to those factors and should plan different strategies to improve teachers’ job satisfaction and there must be motivational and incentive strategies to strengthen and motivated teachers and to bring job satisfaction.
本研究旨在评估影响瓦切莫大学教师工作满意度的因素。为了达到这一目标,研究人员抽取了768名教师,其中男性663人,其余女性105人。为了进行这项研究,研究人员选择了54名男性和34名女性教师,采用简单的随机抽样方法来确定样本量。本研究的主要目的是评估和探索有助于工作满意度的因素。本文的基本研究问题是:第一,是什么因素影响了教师在工作场所的工作满意度;第二,什么因素对教师在工作地点的工作满意度是负面的;第三,有什么机制有助于减少特定因素的存在。因此,收集的数据是通过问卷调查和访谈。最后,利用表格和百分比对收集到的数据进行了分析。结果表明,影响教师工作满意度的主要工作相关因素是工资紧张的工作、无薪加班、与高层管理人员的关系、晋升机会、教学材料和校园规章制度的可用性。研究表明,相关机构,特别是瓦切莫大学的管理机构,应该关注这些因素,制定不同的策略来提高教师的工作满意度,必须有激励和激励策略来加强和激励教师,带来工作满意度。
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引用次数: 2
期刊
International journal of psychological studies
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