Although a normally occurring developmental transition in the life of a woman, menopause has often been portrayed as a negative event with much of the research being focused on the physical aspects of this experience. Hermeneutic phenomenology (Van Manen, 1990), grounded in a theoretical framework of feminist phenomenology, was used to explore the following research question: What is the meaning and experience of doing well during the menopausal transition for women who were not in a committed relationship throughout the transition? In depth audio recorded interviews were conducted with 10 post-menopausal women who self-identified as doing well during the transition and were not in a committed relationship throughout the transition. Themes across participants are: 1) a sense of menopause as a physical non-event; 2) the importance of relationships and dialogue with other women; 3) a sense of freedom; 4) a sense of transitioning to another phase of life; and 5) menopause as metamorphosis. The findings and implications are discussed in light of the existing research and theory.
{"title":"Menopause as Metamorphosis: The Meaning and Experience for Women of Well-being during the Menopausal Transition","authors":"H. L. McBride","doi":"10.5539/ijps.v16n3p45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/ijps.v16n3p45","url":null,"abstract":"Although a normally occurring developmental transition in the life of a woman, menopause has often been portrayed as a negative event with much of the research being focused on the physical aspects of this experience. Hermeneutic phenomenology (Van Manen, 1990), grounded in a theoretical framework of feminist phenomenology, was used to explore the following research question: What is the meaning and experience of doing well during the menopausal transition for women who were not in a committed relationship throughout the transition? In depth audio recorded interviews were conducted with 10 post-menopausal women who self-identified as doing well during the transition and were not in a committed relationship throughout the transition. Themes across participants are: 1) a sense of menopause as a physical non-event; 2) the importance of relationships and dialogue with other women; 3) a sense of freedom; 4) a sense of transitioning to another phase of life; and 5) menopause as metamorphosis. The findings and implications are discussed in light of the existing research and theory.","PeriodicalId":90867,"journal":{"name":"International journal of psychological studies","volume":"29 25","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141815585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As e-commerce continues to evolve, understanding consumer behavior in the context of online shopping becomes increasingly challenging. This study investigates the impact of purchasing attitudes among Saudi customers within the online clothing environment. By collecting 410 responses from residents of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, the study emphasizes the convenience aspect of online and virtual markets and employs advanced statistical techniques, specifically SPSS-AMOS software, including confirmatory factor analysis, path analysis, and structural equation modeling. The findings reveal several key insights: perceived entertainment, perceived ease of use, and perceived usefulness significantly and positively influence the user experience on websites. The research highlights the importance of website quality indicators, such as perceived entertainment, ease of use, and usefulness, in shaping the user experience within the online clothing environment. It confirms that website quality, encompassing indicators of the user experience, exhibits a significant positive association with online impulse buying behavior. Additionally, the flow experience, which refers to the immersive and enjoyable state when browsing a website, also demonstrates a statistically significant and positive effect on online impulse buying behavior. These findings offer valuable insights for businesses and marketers seeking to understand and adapt to the evolving landscape of e-commerce, specifically concerning online clothing purchases.
{"title":"The Influence of Digital Retail Environment on Consumer Purchasing Behavior: A Causal Study","authors":"N. Salamah","doi":"10.5539/ijps.v16n3p60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/ijps.v16n3p60","url":null,"abstract":"As e-commerce continues to evolve, understanding consumer behavior in the context of online shopping becomes increasingly challenging. This study investigates the impact of purchasing attitudes among Saudi customers within the online clothing environment. By collecting 410 responses from residents of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, the study emphasizes the convenience aspect of online and virtual markets and employs advanced statistical techniques, specifically SPSS-AMOS software, including confirmatory factor analysis, path analysis, and structural equation modeling. The findings reveal several key insights: perceived entertainment, perceived ease of use, and perceived usefulness significantly and positively influence the user experience on websites. The research highlights the importance of website quality indicators, such as perceived entertainment, ease of use, and usefulness, in shaping the user experience within the online clothing environment. It confirms that website quality, encompassing indicators of the user experience, exhibits a significant positive association with online impulse buying behavior. Additionally, the flow experience, which refers to the immersive and enjoyable state when browsing a website, also demonstrates a statistically significant and positive effect on online impulse buying behavior. These findings offer valuable insights for businesses and marketers seeking to understand and adapt to the evolving landscape of e-commerce, specifically concerning online clothing purchases.","PeriodicalId":90867,"journal":{"name":"International journal of psychological studies","volume":"26 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141816854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Researchers are exploring consciousness as a field permeating the world around us, rather than just a feature of human experience. If consciousness is a field, then one should be able to affect others by acting from the field of consciousness. This study used a random-assignment, double-blind design to probe effects of nine students practicing the Transcendental Meditation technique on the subjective experiences and physiological patterns of another student also practicing Transcendental Meditation. For 12 recording sessions, the group (sender) either practiced the Transcendental Meditation technique or read a textbook. When the group was meditating, the individual (receiver) reported more settled meditation experiences, and they exhibited higher alpha EEG power, a correlate of deep meditation experiences. Effect sizes for all measures were large. This was a pilot study to identify markers of field effects of consciousness. Future research could replicate these findings with a larger sample size, modify the distance between the sender and receiver, explore EEG synchrony between the senders and the receiver, called hyperscanning or collective neuroscience, and explore differential effects between friends, family, and strangers to test social influences. This design could meaningful probe the nature of consciousness.
{"title":"Testing the Field Nature of Consciousness: A Pilot Test","authors":"Kurt Kleinschnitz, Frederick Travis","doi":"10.5539/ijps.v16n2p63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/ijps.v16n2p63","url":null,"abstract":"Researchers are exploring consciousness as a field permeating the world around us, rather than just a feature of human experience. If consciousness is a field, then one should be able to affect others by acting from the field of consciousness. This study used a random-assignment, double-blind design to probe effects of nine students practicing the Transcendental Meditation technique on the subjective experiences and physiological patterns of another student also practicing Transcendental Meditation. For 12 recording sessions, the group (sender) either practiced the Transcendental Meditation technique or read a textbook. When the group was meditating, the individual (receiver) reported more settled meditation experiences, and they exhibited higher alpha EEG power, a correlate of deep meditation experiences. Effect sizes for all measures were large. This was a pilot study to identify markers of field effects of consciousness. Future research could replicate these findings with a larger sample size, modify the distance between the sender and receiver, explore EEG synchrony between the senders and the receiver, called hyperscanning or collective neuroscience, and explore differential effects between friends, family, and strangers to test social influences. This design could meaningful probe the nature of consciousness.","PeriodicalId":90867,"journal":{"name":"International journal of psychological studies","volume":"37 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141107881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Effective support intended to promote children’s well-being has gained scholarly attention worldwide. Well-being is composed of complex elements. Of these elements, the promotion of executive function, which coordinates cognitive activities, via an effective method is important. Regarding the frontal pole in the anterior part of the prefrontal cortex, scholars presume that it is involved in advanced abilities, such as metacognition, and is essential for well-being. In today’s digital society, video games are appealing to children. Thus, a possibility exists that children can achieve certain aspects of well-being, such as a sense of achievement, perseverance, and happiness, by playing video games. In this regard, evidence that video games can be used to activate the prefrontal cortex is accumulating. In light of this discussion, this study hypothesizes that playing video games may affect the frontal pole and analyzes the brain activation of the frontal pole using video games compared with a mental abacus activity. The results demonstrate that playing through an educational game called Big Brain Academy: Brain vs. Brain exhibited more activation potential than mental abacus in many points.
{"title":"Activation of the Frontal Pole Using Children’s Video Games: Support for Children’s Well-being","authors":"Nobuki Watanabe","doi":"10.5539/ijps.v16n2p53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/ijps.v16n2p53","url":null,"abstract":"Effective support intended to promote children’s well-being has gained scholarly attention worldwide. Well-being is composed of complex elements. Of these elements, the promotion of executive function, which coordinates cognitive activities, via an effective method is important. Regarding the frontal pole in the anterior part of the prefrontal cortex, scholars presume that it is involved in advanced abilities, such as metacognition, and is essential for well-being. In today’s digital society, video games are appealing to children. Thus, a possibility exists that children can achieve certain aspects of well-being, such as a sense of achievement, perseverance, and happiness, by playing video games. In this regard, evidence that video games can be used to activate the prefrontal cortex is accumulating. In light of this discussion, this study hypothesizes that playing video games may affect the frontal pole and analyzes the brain activation of the frontal pole using video games compared with a mental abacus activity. The results demonstrate that playing through an educational game called Big Brain Academy: Brain vs. Brain exhibited more activation potential than mental abacus in many points.","PeriodicalId":90867,"journal":{"name":"International journal of psychological studies","volume":"9 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141110045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a rare form of cancer that affects the bone marrow's ability to produce mature blood cells. Several treatments are available, including chemotherapy using anticancer or cytotoxic drugs, blood or platelet transfusions, and stem cell transplants. In this study, a 33-year-old woman shares her experience of attempting to conceive while undergoing treatment for myelodysplastic syndromes. The study aimed to explore the psychosocial difficulties women with a history of cancer treatment may encounter when trying to get pregnant. Semi-structured qualitative interviews were undertaken, recorded, and transcribed verbatim. The transcript was analyzed by narrative analysis. Four themes were identified: 1) Support from loved ones, 2) Challenges in conceiving, 3) Emotional ups and downs during pregnancy, and 4) The joy of motherhood. A cancer diagnosis can devastate young women, primarily if the treatment affects their fertility. These women must have the support of their husbands. Fortunately, many methods are available to assist women in successfully conceiving, although the journey can be difficult and emotional. The ups and downs of the process are inevitable, but the desire to become a mother makes it all worth it in the end. Cancer treatment for myelodysplastic syndromes and related conditions can profoundly impact childbearing women. Such women may face significant challenges if they plan to have a child after treatment. Hence, further research with more women with the diagnosis of MDS is imperative in this critical area.
{"title":"The Lived Experience of Seeking Pregnancy in a Woman with a History of Cancer","authors":"Tsorng-Yeh Lee","doi":"10.5539/ijps.v16n2p1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/ijps.v16n2p1","url":null,"abstract":"Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a rare form of cancer that affects the bone marrow's ability to produce mature blood cells. Several treatments are available, including chemotherapy using anticancer or cytotoxic drugs, blood or platelet transfusions, and stem cell transplants. In this study, a 33-year-old woman shares her experience of attempting to conceive while undergoing treatment for myelodysplastic syndromes. The study aimed to explore the psychosocial difficulties women with a history of cancer treatment may encounter when trying to get pregnant. Semi-structured qualitative interviews were undertaken, recorded, and transcribed verbatim. The transcript was analyzed by narrative analysis. Four themes were identified: 1) Support from loved ones, 2) Challenges in conceiving, 3) Emotional ups and downs during pregnancy, and 4) The joy of motherhood. A cancer diagnosis can devastate young women, primarily if the treatment affects their fertility. These women must have the support of their husbands. Fortunately, many methods are available to assist women in successfully conceiving, although the journey can be difficult and emotional. The ups and downs of the process are inevitable, but the desire to become a mother makes it all worth it in the end. Cancer treatment for myelodysplastic syndromes and related conditions can profoundly impact childbearing women. Such women may face significant challenges if they plan to have a child after treatment. Hence, further research with more women with the diagnosis of MDS is imperative in this critical area.","PeriodicalId":90867,"journal":{"name":"International journal of psychological studies","volume":"111 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140079442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Reviewer acknowledgements for International Journal of Psychological Studies, Vol. 16, No. 1, 2024
国际心理学研究杂志》（International Journal of Psychological Studies）第 16 卷第 1 期（2024 年）审稿人致谢
{"title":"Reviewer acknowledgements for International Journal of Psychological Studies, Vol. 16, No. 1, 2024","authors":"Barbara Sun","doi":"10.5539/ijps.v16n1p70","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/ijps.v16n1p70","url":null,"abstract":"Reviewer acknowledgements for International Journal of Psychological Studies, Vol. 16, No. 1, 2024","PeriodicalId":90867,"journal":{"name":"International journal of psychological studies","volume":"85 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140086610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: The present study intends to measure gender differences in smartphone addiction, emotional regulation, mental health and personality variables. Earlier studies have focused on gender differences in variables under study. Aim: It was an attempt to revalidate the findings for fulfillment of the research objectives. Sample: The sample was drawn following some predetermined inclusion and exclusion, a sample of 100 individuals ageing between 13 to 19 years were selected. Half of them were male and half of them were females. Method: Sample was administered with 1) Smartphone addiction test by Kwon et al (2013), 2) Mental Health Inventory Veit and Ware (1983), 3) Emotional Regulation Questionnaire by James J. Gross and Oliver P (2003), 4) Big Five Inventory (Personality) by Goldberg, (1993). Along with the above measures General Health Questionnaire was also administered for screening purpose. For GHQ a cut off 4 was selected below which individuals were allowed for participation in investigation. Result: Results indicated gender differences in variables under study. Females have been found to have higher level of addiction than male. Male were found to have more distress and low in psychological well-being. Male also found to have greater emotional reappraisal and lesser emotional suppression. Conclusion: In case of personality variables males were found to be more open, conscientious and agreeable while females were found to be more prone to neuroticism.
{"title":"Smartphone Addiction, Personality Factors, Emotional Regulation and Mental Health: Gender Based Studies","authors":"Durba Chatterjee Mukherjee, Vandana Pandey","doi":"10.5539/ijps.v16n1p28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/ijps.v16n1p28","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The present study intends to measure gender differences in smartphone addiction, emotional regulation, mental health and personality variables. Earlier studies have focused on gender differences in variables under study. \u0000 \u0000Aim: It was an attempt to revalidate the findings for fulfillment of the research objectives. \u0000 \u0000Sample: The sample was drawn following some predetermined inclusion and exclusion, a sample of 100 individuals ageing between 13 to 19 years were selected. Half of them were male and half of them were females. \u0000 \u0000Method: Sample was administered with 1) Smartphone addiction test by Kwon et al (2013), 2) Mental Health Inventory Veit and Ware (1983), 3) Emotional Regulation Questionnaire by James J. Gross and Oliver P (2003), 4) Big Five Inventory (Personality) by Goldberg, (1993). Along with the above measures General Health Questionnaire was also administered for screening purpose. For GHQ a cut off 4 was selected below which individuals were allowed for participation in investigation. \u0000 \u0000Result: Results indicated gender differences in variables under study. Females have been found to have higher level of addiction than male. Male were found to have more distress and low in psychological well-being. Male also found to have greater emotional reappraisal and lesser emotional suppression. \u0000 \u0000Conclusion: In case of personality variables males were found to be more open, conscientious and agreeable while females were found to be more prone to neuroticism.","PeriodicalId":90867,"journal":{"name":"International journal of psychological studies","volume":"57 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139447819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research aims to show that the perceived working climate increases the counter-productive behaviors of secondary school teachers in Cameroon. Indeed, secondary school teachers increasingly develop counter-productive behaviours (aggression at work, slow work, lateness at work, absenteeism) to the detriment of respect for ethics, professional conduct and the obligation to personally ensure the public service entrusted to them. The general hypothesis is as follows: the working climate increases the counter-productive behaviors of teachers. The data collection method is the survey, and the tool is the questionnaire in the form of a measurement scale. The simple random sampling yielded a sample of 151 participants. The instrument for measuring perceived working climate is Parker & al. (2003), which is an adaptation in French of the James and Jones scale (1974); the scale of counter-productive behaviours is that of Aubé & al (2009). The results are as follows: HR1 (β= -.44; p=.00); HR2 (β=.55; p=.00); HR3 (β= -.40; p=.00); HR4 (β= -.44; p=.00); HR5 (β= -.10; p=.35). These results show that our research hypothesis are statistically significant and that HR1 ; HR3; HR4; HR5 are rejected while HR2 is confirmed. the general hypothesis is significant P<.005 for most research hypotheses; this same general hypothesis is not validated. The perceived working climate does not increase the counter-productive behaviors of secondary school teachers in Cameroon.
{"title":"Working Cimate and Counter-productive Behaviors of Teachers from the Ministry of Secondary Education in Cameroon","authors":"Mengoua Placide","doi":"10.5539/ijps.v16n1p1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/ijps.v16n1p1","url":null,"abstract":"This research aims to show that the perceived working climate increases the counter-productive behaviors of secondary school teachers in Cameroon. Indeed, secondary school teachers increasingly develop counter-productive behaviours (aggression at work, slow work, lateness at work, absenteeism) to the detriment of respect for ethics, professional conduct and the obligation to personally ensure the public service entrusted to them. The general hypothesis is as follows: the working climate increases the counter-productive behaviors of teachers. The data collection method is the survey, and the tool is the questionnaire in the form of a measurement scale. The simple random sampling yielded a sample of 151 participants. The instrument for measuring perceived working climate is Parker & al. (2003), which is an adaptation in French of the James and Jones scale (1974); the scale of counter-productive behaviours is that of Aubé & al (2009). The results are as follows: HR1 (β= -.44; p=.00); HR2 (β=.55; p=.00); HR3 (β= -.40; p=.00); HR4 (β= -.44; p=.00); HR5 (β= -.10; p=.35). These results show that our research hypothesis are statistically significant and that HR1 ; HR3; HR4; HR5 are rejected while HR2 is confirmed. the general hypothesis is significant P<.005 for most research hypotheses; this same general hypothesis is not validated. The perceived working climate does not increase the counter-productive behaviors of secondary school teachers in Cameroon.","PeriodicalId":90867,"journal":{"name":"International journal of psychological studies","volume":"36 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139010241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stress and burnout in education is the result of a teacher experiencing unpleasant, negative emotions—such as anger, anxiety, tension, frustration, or depression—that have an impact on their job performance (Carroll et al., 2021). Job performance is identified as the actions or behaviors that are relevant to an organization’s goal and is measured by each individual’s proficiency (Conte & Landy, 2019). Campbell identified multiple factors that contribute to job performance that are declarative knowledge, procedural knowledge, and motivation (Conte & Landy, 2019). Variables can impact and have a direct impact on one’s performance if one of the factors are changed (Conte & Landy, 2019).
One of the biggest factors of job performance is burnout and stress and its impact on a teacher’s motivation. Burnout is described as prolonged or chronic job stress that happens over time and is consistent and repeated (Hills, 2019). Burnout is marked by exhaustion; feeling emotionally drained; cynicism/less identification with the job; alienation; and feelings of reduced professional ability. This reduced capacity means that some people do not see any value to what they are doing or contributing (Hills, 2019). What happens to an individual who becomes burned out is that there is the extinction of motivation or incentive to a cause (i.e., the organization) (Hills, 2019). When looking at reasons for burnout/demotivating conditions, several areas of concern are highlighted that include a lack of control, lack of resources, unclear or impossible job expectations, dysfunctional workplace, a mismatch in workplace values, poor job fit, and work–life imbalance (Hills, 2019).
{"title":"An Evaluation of Stress and Burnout in Education and Its Impact on Job Performance and Work Life Quality","authors":"Richard Karnia","doi":"10.5539/ijps.v15n4p13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/ijps.v15n4p13","url":null,"abstract":"Stress and burnout in education is the result of a teacher experiencing unpleasant, negative emotions&mdash;such as anger, anxiety, tension, frustration, or depression&mdash;that have an impact on their job performance (Carroll et al., 2021). Job performance is identified as the actions or behaviors that are relevant to an organization&rsquo;s goal and is measured by each individual&rsquo;s proficiency (Conte &amp; Landy, 2019). Campbell identified multiple factors that contribute to job performance that are declarative knowledge, procedural knowledge, and motivation (Conte &amp; Landy, 2019). Variables can impact and have a direct impact on one&rsquo;s performance if one of the factors are changed (Conte &amp; Landy, 2019).
 One of the biggest factors of job performance is burnout and stress and its impact on a teacher&rsquo;s motivation. Burnout is described as prolonged or chronic job stress that happens over time and is consistent and repeated (Hills, 2019). Burnout is marked by exhaustion; feeling emotionally drained; cynicism/less identification with the job; alienation; and feelings of reduced professional ability. This reduced capacity means that some people do not see any value to what they are doing or contributing (Hills, 2019). What happens to an individual who becomes burned out is that there is the extinction of motivation or incentive to a cause (i.e., the organization) (Hills, 2019). When looking at reasons for burnout/demotivating conditions, several areas of concern are highlighted that include a lack of control, lack of resources, unclear or impossible job expectations, dysfunctional workplace, a mismatch in workplace values, poor job fit, and work&ndash;life imbalance (Hills, 2019).","PeriodicalId":90867,"journal":{"name":"International journal of psychological studies","volume":"51 8","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136104795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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