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In Memoriam Irutė Meškienė (1956–2017)
Pub Date : 2017-12-01 DOI: 10.1515/botlit-2017-0019
Ričardas Paškauskas, Alois Schweighofer, Kotryna Kvederavičiūtė
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引用次数: 1
First record of Physarum spectabile (Myxomycetes) in Russia 俄罗斯首次记录可观察绒泡菌(黏菌)
Pub Date : 2017-12-01 DOI: 10.1515/botlit-2017-0012
V. Gmoshinskiy, Natalya Yu. Buchtoyarova, A. Matveev
Abstract Physarum spectabile is reported from the Central Forest State Nature Biosphere Reserve (Nelidovsky district, Tver region), new to Russia. The short description of ecology and distribution of this rare species is provided. The morphology of the fruit bodies (sporocarps) of the species was examined by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and images of relevant details are included.
摘要:绒泡菌(Physarum spectabile)是俄罗斯特维尔州中央森林国家自然生物圈保护区(Nelidovsky区)的新发现物种。本文对该稀有物种的生态和分布作了简要描述。利用光镜和扫描电镜对其子实体(孢子囊)的形态进行了研究,并附有相关细节的图像。
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引用次数: 3
New woody alien plant species recorded in Lithuania 立陶宛新记录的外来木本植物
Pub Date : 2017-12-01 DOI: 10.1515/botlit-2017-0017
Z. Gudžinskas, Lukas Petrulaitis, Egidijus Žalneravičius
Abstract Many woody plant species that originate from various regions of the world have been introduced in other regions or continents and are used in ornamental gardening, silviculture, erosion control, for fruit sources or other purposes. Woody plants selected for introduction usually originate from regions with similar climate conditions; therefore, after certain time lag they start to spread outside places of cultivation, become naturalized or even invasive. In addition to 77 woody alien plant species reported in Lithuania, ten new species were recorded and analysed in this paper. Information on the native and anthropogenic ranges, first record in Lithuania, size of populations, habitats, reproduction and naturalization of Aralia elata, Berberis thunbergii, Caragana frutex, Celastrus orbiculatus, Cornus alba, Cytisus austriacus, Hydrangea arborescens, Pinus strobus, Rhus typhina and Thuja occidentalis is presented. All these species have been introduced intentionally and are used mainly in ornamental gardening. Three of the reported species, Berberis thunbergii, Hydrangea arborescens and Thuja occidentalis, currently are casual species. Remaining seven species were recognized as naturalized in Lithuania, and five of these, i.e. Aralia elata, Celastrus orbiculatus, Cornus alba, Pinus strobus and Rhus typhina as well as Berberis thunbergii, which currently is treated as a casual, have very high or high probability of getting invasive. Constant survey of potential habitats, detection of new escaped alien plants, particularly of trees and shrubs, is the best way to reveal potentially dangerous species and make timely decisions for their control or eradication, if necessary.
许多原产于世界各地的木本植物物种已被引进到其他地区或大陆,用于观赏园艺、造林、水土流失防治、果树资源或其他目的。选择引种的木本植物通常起源于气候条件相似的地区;因此,经过一定的时间延迟后,它们开始向栽培地外扩散,成为归化甚至入侵。除立陶宛已报道的77种木本外来植物外,本文还记录和分析了10种新种。介绍了这些植物的原生和人为分布范围、在立陶宛的首次记录、种群规模、生境、繁殖和归化情况。这些植物包括:木香、小檗、锦鸡儿、圆形石竹、白角山茱萸、奥地利Cytisus ausacus、绣球花、油松、斑竹和西洋土。所有这些树种都是有意引进的,主要用于观赏园艺。报道的三种小檗、绣球花和西花是目前的散种。其余7种在立陶宛被确认归化,其中5种(Aralia elata, Celastrus orbiculatus, Cornus alba, Pinus strobus, Rhus typhina)和小檗(beris thunbergii)具有很高或很高的入侵概率,目前被视为偶然物种。不断调查潜在的栖息地,发现新的外来植物,特别是树木和灌木,是发现潜在危险物种的最好方法,并在必要时及时作出控制或根除这些物种的决定。
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引用次数: 9
Diversity of green algae in Kamanos raised bog (NW Lithuania) with the aspect of long-term changes in desmids 立陶宛西北部卡马诺斯沼地绿藻多样性与地势长期变化的关系
Pub Date : 2017-12-01 DOI: 10.1515/botlit-2017-0015
J. Koreivienė, J. Kasperovičienė
Abstract In Kamanos raised bog, the green algae community was represented by 160 taxa distributed into eight Chlorophyceae orders. The diversity of desmids (93 taxa) that are an essential algal component of raised bogs was most relevant. Chlorococcales comprised 30 taxa and Ulotrichales – 15 taxa. Representatives from the rest green algae groups were scarce. Higher variety of habitats in Lake Kamanos and the pools supported more diverse flora of green algae (151 taxa) compared to black hollows (61 taxa). Actinotaenium cucurbita was the single species found in all studied water bodies of Kamanos raised bog. Characium ornitocephalum, Asterococcus superbus, Cosmarium amoenum, Micrasterias truncata, Spondylosium pulchellum, Netrium digitus were found in the lake and all pools, whereas Cosmoastrum scabrum, Tetmemorus laevis – in all hollows. In the current study, the composition of desmid taxa recorded in Kamanos raised bog in two research periods was compared. The first reports on desmids were published by Vilkaitis (1937, 1940). He found 129 Desmidiales (18 genera) and 10 Zygnematales species (4 genera). Fifty five species identified by V. Vilkaitis were found repeatedly during the current investigation. In 2005, 42 species were newly recoded in Kamanos raised bog, and of these, 17 taxa were new to desmid flora of Lithuania. A numerous rare species recorded by Vilkaitis (1937) were not observed repeatedly probably due to long-term changes that had occurred in the peat bog and not enough comprehensive study that represented only part of Kamanos wetland. Some new rare desmid species (e.g. Micrasterias jenneri, Cosmarium cymatonotophorum, Desmidium cylindricum, Actinotaenium cucurbitinum, Xanthidium bifidum) have recently been found at Kamanos sites.
卡马诺斯沼地绿藻群落有160个类群,分为8个绿目。作为沼地藻类重要组成部分的desmids(93个分类群)的多样性是最相关的。绿球藻包括30个分类群和15个分类群。其他绿藻组织的代表寥寥无几。卡马诺斯湖和湖泊生境的多样性较高,绿藻植物群(151个分类群)比黑洞(61个分类群)更多样化。葫芦丝放线菌是卡马诺斯养殖沼泽水体中唯一的菌种。湖泊和所有水池中均有鸟头虫、超级星球菌、金合花、长形小角虫、pulchellum spondyloum、digitus等,而湖泊和所有洼地中均有金合花、Tetmemorus laevis等。在本研究中,比较了两个研究时期卡玛诺斯凸起沼泽中记录的desmid分类群的组成。维尔凯提斯(Vilkaitis, 1937年,1940年)发表了关于desmids的第一批报告。他发现了129种Desmidiales(18属)和10种Zygnematales(4属)。在本次调查中,重复发现了55种经Vilkaitis鉴定的物种。2005年在卡马诺斯沼地新发现42个物种,其中17个分类群为立陶宛低地植物区系新发现。Vilkaitis(1937)记录的许多珍稀物种没有被反复观察到,可能是由于泥炭沼泽发生了长期的变化,也可能是研究不够全面,只代表了Kamanos湿地的一部分。最近在卡马诺斯遗址上发现了一些新的稀有物种(如:jenneri Micrasterias, cymatonotophorum,圆柱状的Desmidium, Actinotaenium cucurbitinum, Xanthidium bifidum)。
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引用次数: 1
Notes on the enigmatic Thesium linophyllon and report on Thesium ramosum in Lithuania 神秘的海苔属植物注记及立陶宛海苔属植物报道
Pub Date : 2017-12-01 DOI: 10.1515/botlit-2017-0014
Z. Gudžinskas, Egidijus Žalneravičius
Abstract Two species of the genus Thesium (T. ebracteatum and T. linophyllon) are constantly recognized as members of the flora of Lithuania. However, the study on plants currently occurring in Lithuania and usually identified as T. linophyllon revealed that in fact they belong to T. ramosum. The analysis of all available data on the occurrence of T. linophyllon in Lithuania indicated that this species has never been recorded. The report on the occurrence of T. linophyllon, published at the end of the 18th century, was based on misidentified T. ebracteatum. Thus, T. linophyllon should be excluded from the list of vascular plants of Lithuania. Occurrence of T. ramosum was reported for the first time in the country. Currently, one population of this species with two subpopulations are known in the environs of Varnikai village (Trakai distr., Trakai Historical National Park). Morphological description of T. ramosum and diagnostic features of this species were provided. The structure and habitat conditions of two subpopulations were investigated in 2017. The present population of this species was revealed to consist of 52 individuals. Occurrence of young individuals in one subpopulation indicates generative reproduction of T. ramosum. Negative relationship between the number of T. ramosum individuals and the coverage of Poaceae species, and positive relationship between the coverage of Fabaceae species were revealed. Localities of T. ramosum in Lithuania are far from the area of its native distribution, and this species is ascribed to the group of established alien species. Further spread and invasion of the species is not expected.
摘要:Thesium属的两个物种(T. ebracteatum和T. linophyllon)一直被认为是立陶宛植物区系的成员。然而,对目前在立陶宛发生的通常被鉴定为T. linophyllon的植物的研究表明,它们实际上属于T. ramosum。对立陶宛所有现有资料的分析表明,该物种从未有过记录。18世纪末发表的关于linophyllon发生的报告是基于对T. ebracteatum的错误鉴定。因此,在立陶宛的维管植物名单中应排除油茶树。这是国内首次报道鼠形绦虫的发生。目前,在Varnikai村(Trakai地区,Trakai历史国家公园)周围已知该物种的一个种群和两个亚种群。给出了该物种的形态描述和诊断特征。2017年对两个亚种群的结构和生境条件进行了调查。该物种目前的种群由52个个体组成。在一个亚种群中出现年轻个体,表明沙鼠有生殖生殖。柽柳个体数与豆科物种盖度呈负相关,与豆科物种盖度呈正相关。立陶宛拉莫沙鼠的分布地点远离其本地分布区域,该物种属于已建立的外来物种群。预计该物种不会进一步扩散和入侵。
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引用次数: 1
Auxin-like compounds act as protectors against UV-B irradiation in garden pea plants 植物生长素类化合物是豌豆抗UV-B辐射的保护剂
Pub Date : 2017-12-01 DOI: 10.1515/botlit-2017-0010
I. Sergiev, D. Todorova, Elena Shopova, Z. Katerova, J. Jankauskienė, S. Jurkonienė
Abstract Pretreatment with the original auxin physiological analogues 1-[2-chloroethoxycarbonylmethyl]-4-naphthalenesulfonic acid calcium salt (TA-12) and 1-[2-dimethylaminoethoxicarbonylmethyl]naphthalene chlormethylate (TA-14) and subsequent UV-B irradiation (180 min at λmax 312 nm for 6.6 kJ·m−2) of pea plants (Pisum sativum L.) was investigated to assess if foliar application of these compounds has ability to attenuate the negative effects caused by UV-B stress. UV-B treatment increased malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline levels as well as superoxide dismutase, catalase and guaiacol peroxidase activities, but decreased hydrogen peroxide, low-molecular thiols, total phenolics and total soluble protein contents. The pre-treatment with TA compounds decreased the oxidative stress provoked by UV-B radiation detected by lower level of MDA, increased the content of thiols and UV-absorbing compounds and had favourable effect on H2O2 content and enzymatic activities. Exogenous application of auxin-like compounds on pea plantlets successfully counteracted UV-B induced oxidative stress via activation of ROS detoxifying enzymes and non-enzymatic antioxidants.
摘要采用生长素生理类似物1-[2-氯乙氧羰基甲基]-4-萘磺酸钙盐(TA-12)和1-[2-二甲氨基乙氧羰基甲基]萘氯甲基酸盐(TA-14)对豌豆进行预处理,然后进行UV-B照射(λmax 312 nm, 6.6 kJ·m - 2, 180 min),以评估叶面施用这些化合物是否能够减轻UV-B胁迫引起的负面影响。UV-B处理提高了丙二醛(MDA)和脯氨酸水平以及超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶和愈创木酚过氧化物酶活性,降低了过氧化氢、低分子硫醇、总酚类物质和总可溶性蛋白含量。乙酸乙酯预处理降低了MDA水平较低的UV-B辐射引起的氧化应激,增加了硫醇和吸收紫外线的化合物的含量,对H2O2含量和酶活性有良好的影响。外源应用生长素类化合物通过激活活性氧解毒酶和非酶抗氧化剂成功地抵消了UV-B诱导的豌豆植株氧化应激。
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引用次数: 5
Comparison of hydrogen production in microalgae under autotrophic and mixotrophic media 自养和混合养条件下微藻产氢的比较
Pub Date : 2017-12-01 DOI: 10.1515/botlit-2017-0018
K. Duangjan, Watsamon Nakkhunthod, J. Pekkoh, Chayakorn Pumas
Abstract Hydrogen is an alternative source of energy of considerable interest, because it is environmentally friendly. Biological hydrogen production processes involving green microalgae are of significant interest. However, until present only few microalgae genera have been studied and almost all of those studies have focused only on cultivation using mixotrophic or heterotrophic media, which are expensive, and can be easily contaminated. This study aimed to compare the potential of biohydrogen production from novel green microalgae under autotrophic and mixotrophic media. A total of ninety strains of six orders of green microalgae were investigated for their capabilities of hydrogen production. The results showed that eleven novel hydrogen-producing microalgae genera were found. The hydrogen production in each order was influenced by the medium. Moreover, several strains presented notable levels of autotrophic hydrogen production and performed at over twice of the mixotrophic medium. These results should be supportive information for the selection and cultivation of hydrogen-producing microalgae in further studies.
氢是一种非常有趣的替代能源,因为它是环保的。涉及绿色微藻的生物制氢工艺引起了人们的极大兴趣。然而,到目前为止,对微藻属的研究很少,而且几乎所有的研究都集中在使用混合营养或异养培养基进行培养,这些培养基昂贵且容易被污染。本研究旨在比较新型绿色微藻在自养和混合养培养基下产氢的潜力。对6目90株绿色微藻的产氢能力进行了研究。结果发现了11个新的产氢微藻属。各阶产氢量受介质的影响较大。此外,一些菌株表现出显著的自养产氢水平,并在超过两倍的混合营养培养基上进行。这些结果可为今后产氢微藻的选择和培养提供参考。
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引用次数: 16
Alien fungi in Lithuania: list of species, current status and trophic structure 立陶宛的外来真菌:种类、现状和营养结构
Pub Date : 2017-12-01 DOI: 10.1515/botlit-2017-0016
J. Motiejūnaitė, S. Markovskaja, E. Kutorga, R. Iršėnaitė, J. Kasparavičius, A. Kačergius, Vaidotas Lygis
Abstract A comprehensive inventory of alien fungi (excluding fungi-like oomycetes) recorded in Lithuania since the 19th century was performed. The compiled list includes 142 fungal species, the major part of which are plant pathogens (125 species), while mycorrhizal and saprotrophic fungi (eight and nine species, respectively) are much less represented. The distribution within country and current status of non-native fungi were assessed. Large part of alien fungus species (58) are considered as established, three species (Auricularia auricula-judae, Aureoboletus projectellus, Lecanosticta acicola) are currently spreading, three species (Serpula lacrymans, Synchytrium endobioticum, Tilletia caries) are decreasing, one (Laricifomes officinalis) is considered to be extinct, five saprotrophic species are ephemeromycetes with few records almost exceptionally indoors and not surviving in outside conditions. Status of more than half of the listed species (73) is categorized as unknown as their records are few, suitable habitats and/or hosts are uncommon. The peak of alien fungus recording in Lithuania was in 1980–2000, apparently reflecting an increased frequency of international carriages and the highest peak of national mycological activities. Based on climate change scenarios for Lithuania, further increase of the numbers of alien species is being forecasted.
摘要:对立陶宛自19世纪以来记录的外来真菌(不包括真菌样卵菌)进行了全面的盘点。编制的清单包括142种真菌,其中大部分是植物病原体(125种),而菌根真菌和腐养真菌(分别为8种和9种)的代表性要少得多。评估了非本地真菌在国内的分布和现状。大部分外来真菌种(58种)被认为已建立,3种(Auricularia auricula-judae, auoboletus projectellus, Lecanosticta acicola)正在传播,3种(Serpula lacrymans, Synchytrium endobioticum, Tilletia caries)正在减少,1种(Laricifomes officinalis)被认为已经灭绝,5种腐养真菌属短生菌,记录很少,几乎特别在室内,在室外条件下无法生存。超过一半的物种(73种)由于其记录较少,合适的栖息地和/或宿主罕见而被归类为未知物种。立陶宛外来真菌记录的高峰出现在1980-2000年,这显然反映了国际传播频率的增加和国内真菌学活动的高峰。根据立陶宛的气候变化情景,预计外来物种的数量将进一步增加。
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引用次数: 5
Supplemented checklist of lichens and allied fungi of Lithuania 补充立陶宛地衣和相关真菌清单
Pub Date : 2017-12-01 DOI: 10.1515/botlit-2017-0011
J. Motiejūnaitė
Abstract A new checklist of 755 species of lichen-forming, lichenicolous and allied fungi occurring in Lithuania is presented. Of these, 620 species are lichenized, 115 lichenicolous and 20 are saprobic fungi that are usually treated in lichenological literature. Frequency of every species and infraspecific taxon in the country is indicated, except for the 12 species known from literature records only. List of synonyms is also presented.
摘要介绍了立陶宛755种地衣形成、地衣性和相关真菌的新清单。其中620种是地衣真菌,115种是地衣真菌,20种是在地衣学文献中通常处理的腐生真菌。除文献记载的12种外,还列出了全国所有种和种下分类单元的分布频率。还提供了同义词列表。
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引用次数: 25
Contribution to the knowledge of lichen-forming and lichenicolous fungi of Gomel region (Belarus) 对白俄罗斯戈梅利地区地衣形成和地衣真菌认识的贡献
Pub Date : 2017-12-01 DOI: 10.1515/botlit-2017-0013
A. Tsurykau
Abstract Records of 21 species of lichen-forming and lichenicolous fungi new to Gomel region, the south-eastern Belarus are presented. Of these, six species (Bacidia fraxinea, Briancoppinsia cytospora, Calicium parvum, Chaenothecopsis savonica, Enchylium bachmanianum and Intralichen christiansenii) are new to Belarus, seven species (Carbonicola anthracophila, Chaenotheca hispidula, Cornutispora lichenicola, Lichenochora obscuroides, Lichenoconium xanthoriae, Pyrenochaeta xanthoriae and Tremella hypogymniae) have been previously known from one locality in the country. The occurrence of Ochrolechia microstictoides is confirmed with certainty for Belarus. Ochrolechia parella is excluded from the list of lichens of Gomel region as erroneously identified.
摘要报道了白俄罗斯东南部戈梅利地区新发现的21种地衣形成真菌和地衣真菌。其中,白俄罗斯新发现了6种(fraxinea、Briancoppinsia cytospora、Calicium parvum、Chaenothecopsis savonica、bachmanienchylium bachmanium和Intralichen christiansenii), 7种(Carbonicola anthracophilia、Chaenotheca hispidula、Cornutispora Lichenochora obscuroides、Lichenoconium xanthoriae、Pyrenochaeta xanthoriae和Tremella hypogymniae),此前在该国一个地方已发现。确定白俄罗斯出现微粘蛭绦虫。由于鉴定错误,从戈麦尔地区地衣名单中排除了红毛衣。
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引用次数: 1
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Botanica Lithuanica
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