C. Kalva-Filho, L. Simieli, M. H. Faria, F. Barbieri
Impairment of functional mobility is one of the most disabling symptoms in people with Parkinson’s disease (PwPD). Limitations in mobility lead to sedentarism, which may decrease the quality of life in PwPD. Several studies demonstrated that the combination of exercise with the traditional pharmacological treatment (i.e., levodopa) is effective to improve mobility in PwPD 1-5. Although the effects of traditional modalities (e.g., walking overground and cycling) are well documented, other stimuli may also induce positive responses on mobility in PwPD. However, such studies demonstrated trivial results or effectiveness in terms of functional mobility, indicating that the exercise – mainly using non-traditional stimuli – should be carefully prescribed. To avoid practical mistakes and ensure a high probability of success in mobility rehabilitation in PwPD, rehabilitation professionals must apply up-to-date and high-quality knowledge about mobility. Also, they must recognize the effects of different exercise modalities to improve functional mobility and the motivators and barriers to exercise in PwPD 1. This infographic aims to present (1) the motiving factors and barriers of training in PwPD, (2) the main effects of four exercise modalities on functional mobility (considering its underlining mechanisms), and (3) demonstrate the training evidence to improve the functional mobility. The exercise modalities were selected from the four recent meta-analyses (searched on PUBMED) that tested the exercise effects on functional mobility and presented data related to exercise prescription for PwPD. The encouragement of other persons is the most motivating factor for PwPD during exercise. The lacking of encouragement, fatigue and depression are related to exercise barriers in PwPD 1. Suárez-Iglesias et al. 2 demonstrated that Pilates was effective to improve functional mobility, improving Timed Up and Go (TUG) performances. Interventions using hydrotherapy, with or without land-based therapy, also showed positive effects on TUG values 3. Dance modality, associated with auditory cues, promoted positive effects on gait velocity, TUG, and freezing of gait 4. Finally, Robinson et al. 5 observed that treadmill training, when compared to no-exercise ones, improved the gait velocity and step length in PwPD regardless of use or not body weight support. Overall these results were observed in patients with early to moderate stages of disease (Hoehn and Yahr < 3). These main effects and the mechanism related to the positive responses were presented in the infographic. Despite the noteworthy positive effects of exercise using these modalities in PwPD, recommendations for training prescriptions are still debatable. The characteristics of the modalities were poorly described in most of the studies. For example, even with the availability of acceptable and practical tools, the exercise intensity or its increment throughout the training was not properly reported. Therefore, i
功能活动障碍是帕金森病(PwPD)患者最严重的致残症状之一。行动能力的限制导致久坐，这可能会降低PwPD患者的生活质量。多项研究表明，运动与传统药物治疗(即左旋多巴)相结合可有效改善PwPD患者的活动能力1-5。虽然传统方式(如地上步行和骑自行车)的影响已被充分记录，但其他刺激也可能对PwPD患者的行动能力产生积极的反应。然而，这些研究在功能性活动方面显示了微不足道的结果或有效性，这表明这种主要使用非传统刺激的运动应该仔细规定。为避免实际错误，确保残疾人士的活动能力康复成功率高，康复专业人员必须运用最新的高质量的活动能力知识。此外，他们必须认识到不同的运动方式对改善功能活动能力的影响，以及PwPD 1中运动的动机和障碍。这张信息图旨在展示(1)PwPD训练的激励因素和障碍，(2)四种运动方式对功能活动能力的主要影响(考虑其主要机制)，以及(3)展示训练改善功能活动能力的证据。运动模式是从最近的四项荟萃分析(PUBMED检索)中选择的，这些荟萃分析测试了运动对功能活动能力的影响，并提供了与PwPD运动处方相关的数据。他人的鼓励是PwPD在运动中最主要的诱因。缺乏鼓励、疲劳和抑郁与PwPD 1的运动障碍有关。Suárez-Iglesias等人2证明普拉提能有效改善功能活动能力，改善Timed Up and Go (TUG)表现。采用水疗法的干预措施，无论是否采用陆地疗法，对TUG值也显示出积极的影响。与听觉线索相关的舞蹈形式对步态速度、拖曳和步态冻结有积极影响。最后，Robinson等人5观察到，与不运动训练相比，无论是否使用体重支持，跑步机训练都能改善PwPD患者的步态速度和步长。总的来说，这些结果是在早期到中度疾病阶段的患者中观察到的(Hoehn和Yahr < 3)。这些主要作用和与积极反应相关的机制在信息图中给出。尽管在PwPD中使用这些方式的运动具有显著的积极作用，但对训练处方的建议仍存在争议。在大多数研究中，这些模式的特征描述得很差。例如，即使有了可接受和实用的工具，在整个训练过程中，运动强度或其增量也没有得到适当的报告。因此，很难确定一个具体的指导方针来改善PwPD的功能流动性。关于处方(水疗)和meta分析中权重最高的项目(舞蹈、普拉提和跑步机)的讨论显示在信息图中。未来的研究应尽可能详细说明训练特征，增加结果的可重复性和适用性。
{"title":"Infographic: Four training modalities to improve functional mobility in people with Parkinson’s disease","authors":"C. Kalva-Filho, L. Simieli, M. H. Faria, F. Barbieri","doi":"10.20338/bjmb.v16i1.284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20338/bjmb.v16i1.284","url":null,"abstract":"Impairment of functional mobility is one of the most disabling symptoms in people with Parkinson’s disease (PwPD). Limitations in mobility lead to sedentarism, which may decrease the quality of life in PwPD. Several studies demonstrated that the combination of exercise with the traditional pharmacological treatment (i.e., levodopa) is effective to improve mobility in PwPD 1-5. Although the effects of traditional modalities (e.g., walking overground and cycling) are well documented, other stimuli may also induce positive responses on mobility in PwPD. However, such studies demonstrated trivial results or effectiveness in terms of functional mobility, indicating that the exercise – mainly using non-traditional stimuli – should be carefully prescribed. To avoid practical mistakes and ensure a high probability of success in mobility rehabilitation in PwPD, rehabilitation professionals must apply up-to-date and high-quality knowledge about mobility. Also, they must recognize the effects of different exercise modalities to improve functional mobility and the motivators and barriers to exercise in PwPD 1. This infographic aims to present (1) the motiving factors and barriers of training in PwPD, (2) the main effects of four exercise modalities on functional mobility (considering its underlining mechanisms), and (3) demonstrate the training evidence to improve the functional mobility.\u0000The exercise modalities were selected from the four recent meta-analyses (searched on PUBMED) that tested the exercise effects on functional mobility and presented data related to exercise prescription for PwPD. The encouragement of other persons is the most motivating factor for PwPD during exercise. The lacking of encouragement, fatigue and depression are related to exercise barriers in PwPD 1. Suárez-Iglesias et al. 2 demonstrated that Pilates was effective to improve functional mobility, improving Timed Up and Go (TUG) performances. Interventions using hydrotherapy, with or without land-based therapy, also showed positive effects on TUG values 3. Dance modality, associated with auditory cues, promoted positive effects on gait velocity, TUG, and freezing of gait 4. Finally, Robinson et al. 5 observed that treadmill training, when compared to no-exercise ones, improved the gait velocity and step length in PwPD regardless of use or not body weight support. Overall these results were observed in patients with early to moderate stages of disease (Hoehn and Yahr < 3). These main effects and the mechanism related to the positive responses were presented in the infographic. \u0000Despite the noteworthy positive effects of exercise using these modalities in PwPD, recommendations for training prescriptions are still debatable. The characteristics of the modalities were poorly described in most of the studies. For example, even with the availability of acceptable and practical tools, the exercise intensity or its increment throughout the training was not properly reported. Therefore, i","PeriodicalId":91007,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian journal of motor behavior","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74918397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Camila Torriani-Pasin, Gisele S. Palma, M. Makhoul, B. A. Antonio, T. B. de Freitas, V. L. Domingues, Renata X. Magalhães, L. Mochizuki
BACKGROUND: To mitigate the COVID-19 pandemic, social isolation was needed. Since individuals after stroke have a high risk if catching the COVID-19, and physical exercise is one of the most effective treatments for the disease. Staying physically active through a remote exercise program is an appropriate solution to minimize the inactivity effects. AIM: To report the process of development of a remote physical exercise program based on a face-to-face physical exercise program. METHOD: We developed the remote physical exercise program, maintaining the structure of the face-to-face version. Two weeks under social isolation, the remote physical exercise program has started. For the first 2 weeks, for familiarization purposes, we have provided the participants with only a few parts of the session followed by a test session in a synchronous mode of delivery. From the third week onwards, the activities were fully developed. RESULTS: An asynchronous remote physical exercise was chosen to ensure that the individuals would be able to perform the physical exercises with a caregiver or family member at home, as safe as possible. The sessions were delivered by a single video with all five components, including the parameters of prescription (time, sets, and repetitions), safety instructions, and alternatives exercises. We created two questionnaires to investigate attendance, barriers, safety, and overall experience. CONCLUSION: This paper purposed an asynchronous remote physical exercise program with a single video per session to initiate telemonitoring for stroke survivors, who had already participated in a face-to-face program of physical exercise before the COVID-19 pandemic.
{"title":"Physical exercise program during the COVID-19 pandemic for stroke survivors: an intervention development study","authors":"Camila Torriani-Pasin, Gisele S. Palma, M. Makhoul, B. A. Antonio, T. B. de Freitas, V. L. Domingues, Renata X. Magalhães, L. Mochizuki","doi":"10.20338/bjmb.v16i1.252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20338/bjmb.v16i1.252","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: To mitigate the COVID-19 pandemic, social isolation was needed. Since individuals after stroke have a high risk if catching the COVID-19, and physical exercise is one of the most effective treatments for the disease. Staying physically active through a remote exercise program is an appropriate solution to minimize the inactivity effects.\u0000AIM: To report the process of development of a remote physical exercise program based on a face-to-face physical exercise program.\u0000METHOD: We developed the remote physical exercise program, maintaining the structure of the face-to-face version. Two weeks under social isolation, the remote physical exercise program has started. For the first 2 weeks, for familiarization purposes, we have provided the participants with only a few parts of the session followed by a test session in a synchronous mode of delivery. From the third week onwards, the activities were fully developed.\u0000RESULTS: An asynchronous remote physical exercise was chosen to ensure that the individuals would be able to perform the physical exercises with a caregiver or family member at home, as safe as possible. The sessions were delivered by a single video with all five components, including the parameters of prescription (time, sets, and repetitions), safety instructions, and alternatives exercises. We created two questionnaires to investigate attendance, barriers, safety, and overall experience.\u0000CONCLUSION: This paper purposed an asynchronous remote physical exercise program with a single video per session to initiate telemonitoring for stroke survivors, who had already participated in a face-to-face program of physical exercise before the COVID-19 pandemic.","PeriodicalId":91007,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian journal of motor behavior","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78117392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Camila Torriani-Pasin, T. B. de Freitas, B. Araújo, G. Palma, M. Makhoul, R. A. Andreotti, V. L. Domingues, L. Mochizuki
BACKGROUND: To mitigate the COVID-19 pandemic, social isolation was needed. Since individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PD) have a high risk if catching the COVID-19, and physical exercise is one of the most effective treatments for this disease. In this scenario home-based exercise is a great solution to minimize losses by inactivity. AIM: To report the process of development of a remote physical exercise program based on a face-to-face physical exercise program. METHOD: We transform a one-hour-session-twice-a-week face-to-face program to a remote format keeping the objectives and structure. The sessions of the face-to-face program were structured by: warm-up, balance, aerobic capacity, resistance training, transference, and cool down. RESULTS: An asynchronous remote program was chosen to ensure that the participants would be able to perform the physical exercises with a caregiver or family member at home as safely as possible. The sessions were delivered by a single video with all 5 parts with prescriptions (time, sets, and repetitions), instructions about safety, and alternatives exercises. We create two questionnaires to investigate attendance, barriers, safety, and overall experience. CONCLUSION: This paper purposed an asynchronous program with a single video per session to initiate the remote program for individuals with PD, who already carried out a face-to-face program of physical exercise.
{"title":"Physical exercise program via telemonitoring during the COVID-19 pandemic for individuals with Parkinson's disease: intervention development study","authors":"Camila Torriani-Pasin, T. B. de Freitas, B. Araújo, G. Palma, M. Makhoul, R. A. Andreotti, V. L. Domingues, L. Mochizuki","doi":"10.20338/bjmb.v16i1.251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20338/bjmb.v16i1.251","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: To mitigate the COVID-19 pandemic, social isolation was needed. Since individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PD) have a high risk if catching the COVID-19, and physical exercise is one of the most effective treatments for this disease. In this scenario home-based exercise is a great solution to minimize losses by inactivity.\u0000AIM: To report the process of development of a remote physical exercise program based on a face-to-face physical exercise program.\u0000METHOD: We transform a one-hour-session-twice-a-week face-to-face program to a remote format keeping the objectives and structure. The sessions of the face-to-face program were structured by: warm-up, balance, aerobic capacity, resistance training, transference, and cool down.\u0000RESULTS: An asynchronous remote program was chosen to ensure that the participants would be able to perform the physical exercises with a caregiver or family member at home as safely as possible. The sessions were delivered by a single video with all 5 parts with prescriptions (time, sets, and repetitions), instructions about safety, and alternatives exercises. We create two questionnaires to investigate attendance, barriers, safety, and overall experience.\u0000CONCLUSION: This paper purposed an asynchronous program with a single video per session to initiate the remote program for individuals with PD, who already carried out a face-to-face program of physical exercise.","PeriodicalId":91007,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian journal of motor behavior","volume":"108 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85045735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. C. Andreossi, F. Ribeiro, D. Bertucci, M. Papoti
BACKGROUND: Environment with low oxygen availability can have detrimental effects on cognitive abilities. Nevertheless, exercise can have beneficial effects on cognitive abilities, and these effects may vary with the environment. Therefore, it is important for the performance of individuals to understand the uncertainties about the conditions that can compromise cognitive function. AIM: To identify which hypoxic conditions can cause attention disturbance. METHOD: A total of fourteen volunteers (24.4 ± 3.9 years old; 82.8 ± 14.9 kg weight; 178.6 ± 7.9 cm height) participated in this single-blind, randomized, with a within-subjects design study. Participants completed an adapted version of the Stroop Color-Word Test (SCWT) before and after exposure in normoxia and hypoxia (FIO 2 = 0.209 and 0.138, respectively), in two conditions: (i) at rest for 30 minutes and (ii) under exhaustive effort. The data were analyzed using a Bayesian statistical approach. RESULTS: SCWT performance under hypoxic conditions showed no difference compared with exposure moments (before and after), as well as showed no difference compared with normoxic conditions. The SpO 2 in hypoxic conditions was significantly lower than in normoxia conditions, unlike HR, which revealed no difference. The hypoxia dose at rest and under exhaustive effort was 2.5 and 0.8 %.h, respectively. CONCLUSION: Despite a drop in SpO 2 and with hypoxia doses equivalent to 2.5 and 0.8 %.h, it was not possible to confirm differences in the indices related to attention. This indicates the existence of a minimum hypoxia dose to affect cognitive performance.
{"title":"Effect of normobaric hypoxia exposure and exercise on attention","authors":"J. C. Andreossi, F. Ribeiro, D. Bertucci, M. Papoti","doi":"10.20338/bjmb.v16i1.270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20338/bjmb.v16i1.270","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Environment with low oxygen availability can have detrimental effects on cognitive abilities. Nevertheless, exercise can have beneficial effects on cognitive abilities, and these effects may vary with the environment. Therefore, it is important for the performance of individuals to understand the uncertainties about the conditions that can compromise cognitive function.\u0000AIM: To identify which hypoxic conditions can cause attention disturbance.\u0000METHOD: A total of fourteen volunteers (24.4 ± 3.9 years old; 82.8 ± 14.9 kg weight; 178.6 ± 7.9 cm height) participated in this single-blind, randomized, with a within-subjects design study. Participants completed an adapted version of the Stroop Color-Word Test (SCWT) before and after exposure in normoxia and hypoxia (FIO 2 = 0.209 and 0.138, respectively), in two conditions: (i) at rest for 30 minutes and (ii) under exhaustive effort. The data were analyzed using a Bayesian statistical approach.\u0000RESULTS: SCWT performance under hypoxic conditions showed no difference compared with exposure moments (before and after), as well as showed no difference compared with normoxic conditions. The SpO 2 in hypoxic conditions was significantly lower than in normoxia conditions, unlike HR, which revealed no difference. The hypoxia dose at rest and under exhaustive effort was 2.5 and 0.8 %.h, respectively.\u0000CONCLUSION: Despite a drop in SpO 2 and with hypoxia doses equivalent to 2.5 and 0.8 %.h, it was not possible to confirm differences in the indices related to attention. This indicates the existence of a minimum hypoxia dose to affect cognitive performance.","PeriodicalId":91007,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian journal of motor behavior","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80156346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Franz, T. Finni, Kota Z. Takahashi, B. Vanwanseele, F. De Groote
N/A
N/A
{"title":"The Need for Systems-Based Biomechanics to Understand the Causes and Consequences of Altered Muscle-Tendon Unit Function in Elderly Gait","authors":"J. Franz, T. Finni, Kota Z. Takahashi, B. Vanwanseele, F. De Groote","doi":"10.20338/bjmb.v16i1.266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20338/bjmb.v16i1.266","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p>N/A</jats:p>","PeriodicalId":91007,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian journal of motor behavior","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74568255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BACKGROUND: It has been increasingly necessary to assess and monitor the physiological and biomechanics variables of para swimmers to enlarge the current knowledge on how different impairments limit swimming performance and explain each competition class variability in metabolic and technical terms. AIM: To characterize the front crawl metabolic, kinematic, and coordination behaviors of a trained para swimmer subjected to an incremental protocol. METHOD: A 44-year-old male, with moderate right side hemiparesis of the body, performed a 200-m front crawl at 5 incrementally paces until exhaustion (0.05 m/s increases and 30-s intervals), with images from two cycles at each step recorded by two video cameras (one surface and one underwater). Kinematic and coordinative variables were collected. Lactate concentrations, heart rate, and blood pressure were also measured. RESULTS: The para swimmer achieved the anaerobic threshold at the fourth 200-m step, followed by an increase in heart rate and blood pressure. Speed and stroke frequency were higher and stroke length was lower along the 200-m steps. In contrast, a slight increase in stroke index and stability in intracyclic velocity variations occurred across intensity increments, and index of interlimb coordination was maintained as a superposition mode. CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that the swimming intensity seems to influence the para swimmer metabolic, kinematic, and coordinative behavior, with sharper alterations after the point when AnT is achieved. In addition to having practical interest for adapted swimming, coaches should emphazise the physiological and biomechanical evaluation on training monitoring to better prescribe and improve the adapted swimming performance.
{"title":"Metabolic, kinematic and coordinative behavior of a para swimmer with cerebral palsy","authors":"K. de Jesus, L. M. Cardoso, K. de Jesus","doi":"10.20338/bjmb.v16i1.265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20338/bjmb.v16i1.265","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: It has been increasingly necessary to assess and monitor the physiological and biomechanics variables of para swimmers to enlarge the current knowledge on how different impairments limit swimming performance and explain each competition class variability in metabolic and technical terms.\u0000AIM: To characterize the front crawl metabolic, kinematic, and coordination behaviors of a trained para swimmer subjected to an incremental protocol.\u0000METHOD: A 44-year-old male, with moderate right side hemiparesis of the body, performed a 200-m front crawl at 5 incrementally paces until exhaustion (0.05 m/s increases and 30-s intervals), with images from two cycles at each step recorded by two video cameras (one surface and one underwater). Kinematic and coordinative variables were collected. Lactate concentrations, heart rate, and blood pressure were also measured.\u0000RESULTS: The para swimmer achieved the anaerobic threshold at the fourth 200-m step, followed by an increase in heart rate and blood pressure. Speed and stroke frequency were higher and stroke length was lower along the 200-m steps. In contrast, a slight increase in stroke index and stability in intracyclic velocity variations occurred across intensity increments, and index of interlimb coordination was maintained as a superposition mode.\u0000CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that the swimming intensity seems to influence the para swimmer metabolic, kinematic, and coordinative behavior, with sharper alterations after the point when AnT is achieved. In addition to having practical interest for adapted swimming, coaches should emphazise the physiological and biomechanical evaluation on training monitoring to better prescribe and improve the adapted swimming performance.","PeriodicalId":91007,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian journal of motor behavior","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88848503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Studies of specific movements and their stabilization do not allow general inferences on motor learning, even at the neurophysiological level - comment on Lage et al (2021)","authors":"W. Schöllhorn","doi":"10.20338/bjmb.v16i1.295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20338/bjmb.v16i1.295","url":null,"abstract":"Critiques","PeriodicalId":91007,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian journal of motor behavior","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83358194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BACKGROUND: Previous research in motor learning shows that adopting an external focus of attention significantly benefits performance and learning among novice participants. Research has been fairly limited in regards to the attentional focus reported to be used by highly skilled performers or coaches. Fairbrother et al. (2016) suggested that experts might utilize more complex attentional strategies than a simple dyad of internal or external foci. AIM: The purpose of the present study was to examine attentional focus cues utilized by elite track and field throws coaches during practice and competition. METHOD: Fifteen NCAA track and field coaches completed a questionnaire related the instructions they provide their athletes during practice. Meaning units that related to attentional focus were extracted from the questionnaires and categorized into associative and dissociative cues. The cues were then categorized for various attentional focus strategies. RESULTS: Results showed that elite coaches utilized multiple attentional focus strategies which included internal, external, and holistic focus cues. The most common attentional focus utilized with collegiate throwers was that of a holistic focus, which directs attention to the general feeling of the movement (Becker et al. 2019). It was observed that elite throws coaches alter their focus of attention instruction based on their unique style of coaching and the perceived needs of the athlete. CONCLUSION: This research shows that attentional focus is not as simple as adopting one focus strategy for all individuals within all contexts.
背景:先前的运动学习研究表明，采用外部注意力焦点对新手参与者的表现和学习有显著的好处。关于高技能表演者或教练使用的注意力集中的研究相当有限。Fairbrother等人(2016)认为，专家可能会使用更复杂的注意力策略，而不是简单的内外焦点二元组合。目的:探讨优秀田径投掷教练在训练和比赛中使用的注意焦点线索。方法:15名NCAA田径教练填写了一份问卷，问卷内容与他们在训练中对运动员的指导有关。从问卷中提取与注意焦点相关的意义单位，并将其分为联想线索和解离线索。然后，这些线索被分类为不同的注意力集中策略。结果:结果表明，优秀教练员采用了多种注意力集中策略，包括内部、外部和整体注意力集中线索。大学生投掷运动员最常见的注意力焦点是整体焦点，将注意力集中在运动的总体感觉上(Becker et al. 2019)。我们观察到，优秀的投掷教练根据他们独特的教练风格和运动员的感知需求改变了他们的注意力指导重点。结论:本研究表明，注意集中并不像在所有情境下对所有个体采用一种关注策略那么简单。
{"title":"Reflections from expert throws coaches on the use of attentional focus cues during training","authors":"T. Zhuravleva, C. A. Aiken, Julie A. Partridge","doi":"10.20338/bjmb.v16i2.255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20338/bjmb.v16i2.255","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Previous research in motor learning shows that adopting an external focus of attention significantly benefits performance and learning among novice participants. Research has been fairly limited in regards to the attentional focus reported to be used by highly skilled performers or coaches. Fairbrother et al. (2016) suggested that experts might utilize more complex attentional strategies than a simple dyad of internal or external foci.\u0000AIM: The purpose of the present study was to examine attentional focus cues utilized by elite track and field throws coaches during practice and competition.\u0000METHOD: Fifteen NCAA track and field coaches completed a questionnaire related the instructions they provide their athletes during practice. Meaning units that related to attentional focus were extracted from the questionnaires and categorized into associative and dissociative cues. The cues were then categorized for various attentional focus strategies.\u0000RESULTS: Results showed that elite coaches utilized multiple attentional focus strategies which included internal, external, and holistic focus cues. The most common attentional focus utilized with collegiate throwers was that of a holistic focus, which directs attention to the general feeling of the movement (Becker et al. 2019). It was observed that elite throws coaches alter their focus of attention instruction based on their unique style of coaching and the perceived needs of the athlete.\u0000CONCLUSION: This research shows that attentional focus is not as simple as adopting one focus strategy for all individuals within all contexts.","PeriodicalId":91007,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian journal of motor behavior","volume":"335 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75486233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Carpes, E. Rocha, M. Kunzler, Mathias S. Machado, Camilla F. Andrade, Ana Carolina L. Morais, Bruna C. Mendes, Marieli M. Paz, Maria Eduarda F. Pereira, Vitoria Ferreira, P. Mello-Carpes
BACKGROUND: The Biomechanics Olympic Games (BOG) is a teaching method (see Carpes et al., Adv Physiol Educ. 2017;41(3):436-440) to facilitate biomechanics education. It has been conducted over the past 9 years and replicated in other universities, successfully reducing failing grades. AIM: Therefore, a recurrent question is whether the BOG reduces failing grades by raising the physical education and physiotherapy students' final scores or favors improving education. METHOD: To address this question, we considered retrospective data from two biomechanics courses for 9 years and analyzed their final grades considering or not including BOG scores in calculating final grades. RESULTS: The score attributed to BOG did not determine the success rate because most class grades were enough to approve, regardless of BOG scores. In this sense, the BOG played the role of facilitator in the teaching-learning processes in biomechanics. We found that enrollment with BOG activities increased the average scores in the classroom by ~7% and reduced variability by ~3% compared to final grades without considering the BOG participation. CONCLUSION: The BOG promotes biomechanics education, not by determining the classroom success rate but by promoting a more homogeneous learning development of the classroom.
背景:生物力学奥林匹克运动会(BOG)是一种促进生物力学教育的教学方法(见Carpes et al.， Adv Physiol Educ. 2017;41(3):436-440)。在过去的9年里，该项目一直在进行，并在其他大学推广，成功地减少了不及格分数。目的:因此，一个反复出现的问题是，BOG是通过提高体育和物理治疗学生的最终成绩来减少不及格成绩，还是有利于改善教育。方法:为了解决这个问题，我们回顾了两门生物力学课程9年的回顾性数据，并分析了他们在计算最终成绩时考虑或不考虑BOG分数的最终成绩。结果:归因于BOG的分数并不能决定成功率，因为大多数班级的成绩足以批准，无论BOG分数如何。从这个意义上说，BOG在生物力学的教与学过程中扮演了促进者的角色。我们发现，在不考虑BOG参与的情况下，与最终成绩相比，参加BOG活动的学生在课堂上的平均成绩提高了约7%，变异率降低了约3%。结论:BOG促进生物力学教育，不是通过确定课堂成功率，而是通过促进课堂学习的同质性发展。
{"title":"Biomechanics Olympic Games: did it improve learning or just the final grades in the past 9 years?","authors":"F. Carpes, E. Rocha, M. Kunzler, Mathias S. Machado, Camilla F. Andrade, Ana Carolina L. Morais, Bruna C. Mendes, Marieli M. Paz, Maria Eduarda F. Pereira, Vitoria Ferreira, P. Mello-Carpes","doi":"10.20338/bjmb.v16i1.264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20338/bjmb.v16i1.264","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: The Biomechanics Olympic Games (BOG) is a teaching method (see Carpes et al., Adv Physiol Educ. 2017;41(3):436-440) to facilitate biomechanics education. It has been conducted over the past 9 years and replicated in other universities, successfully reducing failing grades.\u0000AIM: Therefore, a recurrent question is whether the BOG reduces failing grades by raising the physical education and physiotherapy students' final scores or favors improving education.\u0000METHOD: To address this question, we considered retrospective data from two biomechanics courses for 9 years and analyzed their final grades considering or not including BOG scores in calculating final grades.\u0000RESULTS: The score attributed to BOG did not determine the success rate because most class grades were enough to approve, regardless of BOG scores. In this sense, the BOG played the role of facilitator in the teaching-learning processes in biomechanics. We found that enrollment with BOG activities increased the average scores in the classroom by ~7% and reduced variability by ~3% compared to final grades without considering the BOG participation.\u0000CONCLUSION: The BOG promotes biomechanics education, not by determining the classroom success rate but by promoting a more homogeneous learning development of the classroom.","PeriodicalId":91007,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian journal of motor behavior","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79961930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper reveals new insights that comes from comparing quiet eye (QE) studies within the motor accuracy and motor error paradigms. Motor accuracy is defined by the rules of the sport (e.g,. hits versus misses), while motor error is defined by a behavioral measure, such as how far a ball or other object lands from the target (e.g. radial error). The QE motor accuracy paradigm treats accuracy as an independent variable and determines the QE duration during an equal (or near-equal) number of hits and misses per condition per participant, while the motor error QE paradigm combines hits and misses into one data set and determines the correlation between the QE and motor error, which is used as a proxy for accuracy. QE studies within the motor accuracy paradigm consistently find a longer QE duration is a characteristic of skill, and/or interaction of skill by accuracy. In contrast, QE motor error studies do not analyze or report the relationship between the QE duration and accuracy (although often claimed), and rarely find a significant correlation between the QE duration and error. Evidence is provided showing the absence of significant results in QE motor error studies is due to the low number of accurate trials found in motor error studies due to the inherent complexity of all sport skills. Novices in targeting skills make fewer than 20% of their shots and experts less than 40% (with some exceptions) creating imbalanced data sets that make it difficult, if not impossible, to find significant QE results (or any other neural, perceptual or cognitive variable) related to motor accuracy in sport.
{"title":"Quiet eye studies in sport within the motor accuracy and motor error paradigms","authors":"J. Vickers","doi":"10.20338/bjmb.v15i5.267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20338/bjmb.v15i5.267","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reveals new insights that comes from comparing quiet eye (QE) studies within the motor accuracy and motor error paradigms. Motor accuracy is defined by the rules of the sport (e.g,. hits versus misses), while motor error is defined by a behavioral measure, such as how far a ball or other object lands from the target (e.g. radial error). The QE motor accuracy paradigm treats accuracy as an independent variable and determines the QE duration during an equal (or near-equal) number of hits and misses per condition per participant, while the motor error QE paradigm combines hits and misses into one data set and determines the correlation between the QE and motor error, which is used as a proxy for accuracy. QE studies within the motor accuracy paradigm consistently find a longer QE duration is a characteristic of skill, and/or interaction of skill by accuracy. In contrast, QE motor error studies do not analyze or report the relationship between the QE duration and accuracy (although often claimed), and rarely find a significant correlation between the QE duration and error. Evidence is provided showing the absence of significant results in QE motor error studies is due to the low number of accurate trials found in motor error studies due to the inherent complexity of all sport skills. Novices in targeting skills make fewer than 20% of their shots and experts less than 40% (with some exceptions) creating imbalanced data sets that make it difficult, if not impossible, to find significant QE results (or any other neural, perceptual or cognitive variable) related to motor accuracy in sport.","PeriodicalId":91007,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian journal of motor behavior","volume":"105 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88989991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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