We have developed a cryopreservation method that uses a single-component super-adiabatic two-fluid de Laval nozzle for the continuous production of solid nitrogen particles with a micro-nano-order particle size. The cell viability results showed that use of the solid nitrogen spray improved cell viability at the time of thawing by more than 20% compared with the conventional liquid nitrogen immersion freezing method. By using the present dynamic spray cooling method that avails of the synergistic effect of impingement heat transfer, convective heat transfer, and evaporation latent heat transfer of solid nitrogen particles, the new vitrification method reduces the cell membrane disruption caused by ice nucleation, crystal growth, and volume expansion.
{"title":"Vitrification of Biological Cells Using a Cryogenic Fine Solid Particulate Spray","authors":"J. Ishimoto","doi":"10.4036/IIS.2017.S.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4036/IIS.2017.S.01","url":null,"abstract":"We have developed a cryopreservation method that uses a single-component super-adiabatic two-fluid de Laval nozzle for the continuous production of solid nitrogen particles with a micro-nano-order particle size. The cell viability results showed that use of the solid nitrogen spray improved cell viability at the time of thawing by more than 20% compared with the conventional liquid nitrogen immersion freezing method. By using the present dynamic spray cooling method that avails of the synergistic effect of impingement heat transfer, convective heat transfer, and evaporation latent heat transfer of solid nitrogen particles, the new vitrification method reduces the cell membrane disruption caused by ice nucleation, crystal growth, and volume expansion.","PeriodicalId":91087,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary information sciences","volume":"23 1","pages":"167-170"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4036/IIS.2017.S.01","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70252397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
One-dimensional discrete-time quantum walks (DTQWs) can simulate various quantum and classical dynamics and have already been implemented in several physical systems. This implementation needs a well-controlled quantum dynamical system, which is the same requirement for implementing quantum information processing tasks. Here, we consider how to realize DTQWs by Dirac particles toward a solid-state implementation of DTQWs.
{"title":"How to Realize One-dimensional Discrete-time Quantum Walk by Dirac Particle","authors":"Yutaka Shikano","doi":"10.4036/IIS.2017.A.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4036/IIS.2017.A.05","url":null,"abstract":"One-dimensional discrete-time quantum walks (DTQWs) can simulate various quantum and classical dynamics and have already been implemented in several physical systems. This implementation needs a well-controlled quantum dynamical system, which is the same requirement for implementing quantum information processing tasks. Here, we consider how to realize DTQWs by Dirac particles toward a solid-state implementation of DTQWs.","PeriodicalId":91087,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary information sciences","volume":"23 1","pages":"33-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70252432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We theoretically investigate the localization of population distribution in rotational excitation of diatomic molecules induced by a train of optical pulses in the terahertz region. In a simulation with parameters of real molecules, the localization is observed as a combined effect of several causes. For mathematical analysis, we classify the localization into four types based on the viewpoints of physical processes. We provide some extreme numerical examples of the four types of localizations.
{"title":"Localization in Rotational Excitation of Diatomic Molecules Induced by a Train of Optical Pulses","authors":"L. Matsuoka, E. Segawa","doi":"10.4036/IIS.2017.A.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4036/IIS.2017.A.07","url":null,"abstract":"We theoretically investigate the localization of population distribution in rotational excitation of diatomic molecules induced by a train of optical pulses in the terahertz region. In a simulation with parameters of real molecules, the localization is observed as a combined effect of several causes. For mathematical analysis, we classify the localization into four types based on the viewpoints of physical processes. We provide some extreme numerical examples of the four types of localizations.","PeriodicalId":91087,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary information sciences","volume":"23 1","pages":"51-56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70252573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fulvio Flamini, N. Viggianiello, M. Bentivegna, N. Spagnolo, P. Mataloni, A. Crespi, R. Ramponi, R. Osellame, F. Sciarrino
Quantum computers promise to be able to solve tasks beyond the reach of standard computational platforms. Among the others, photonic quantum walks prove to be great candidates for their implementation, since single photon sources, passive linear optics and photo-detectors are sufficient for universal quantum computation. To this aim, a device performing the quantum Fourier transform represents a fundamental building block for quantum algorithms, whose applications are not limited to the field of quantum computation. Recently, an algorithm has been developed to efficiently realize a quantum Fourier transform of an input photonic state by using a quantum walk on elementary linear-optical components. Here we provide a simple operative description of the algorithm, introducing a whole class of quantum transformations achievable through a generalization of this procedure. We finally discuss how femtosecond laser writing technology well represents an efficient and scalable platform for the implementation of this class of photonic quantum walks.
{"title":"Generalized Quantum Fast Transformations via Femtosecond Laser Writing Technique","authors":"Fulvio Flamini, N. Viggianiello, M. Bentivegna, N. Spagnolo, P. Mataloni, A. Crespi, R. Ramponi, R. Osellame, F. Sciarrino","doi":"10.4036/IIS.2017.A.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4036/IIS.2017.A.14","url":null,"abstract":"Quantum computers promise to be able to solve tasks beyond the reach of standard computational platforms. Among the others, photonic quantum walks prove to be great candidates for their implementation, since single photon sources, passive linear optics and photo-detectors are sufficient for universal quantum computation. To this aim, a device performing the quantum Fourier transform represents a fundamental building block for quantum algorithms, whose applications are not limited to the field of quantum computation. Recently, an algorithm has been developed to efficiently realize a quantum Fourier transform of an input photonic state by using a quantum walk on elementary linear-optical components. Here we provide a simple operative description of the algorithm, introducing a whole class of quantum transformations achievable through a generalization of this procedure. We finally discuss how femtosecond laser writing technology well represents an efficient and scalable platform for the implementation of this class of photonic quantum walks.","PeriodicalId":91087,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary information sciences","volume":"23 1","pages":"115-118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70252189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dynamics of two-member Markov processes is formulated based on the binomial probability. Sets of initial states are then sought such that the final state reaches an equilibrium. On the two-parameter phase plane, such initial states are found to exhibit diverse geometric configurations depending on the source probability. Those initial-state boundaries undergo phase transitions ranging over pills, stripes, circles, ellipses, lemons, and even fuzzy shapes. These results are quite helpful in understanding several physical phenomena involving photons, electrons, and atoms. For convenience of discussion, deformations of vortices are taken as an example.
{"title":"Two-Member Markov Processes toward an Equilibrium from a Continuum of Initial States","authors":"Jinsik Mok, Hyoung-In Lee","doi":"10.4036/IIS.2017.A.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4036/IIS.2017.A.06","url":null,"abstract":"Dynamics of two-member Markov processes is formulated based on the binomial probability. Sets of initial states are then sought such that the final state reaches an equilibrium. On the two-parameter phase plane, such initial states are found to exhibit diverse geometric configurations depending on the source probability. Those initial-state boundaries undergo phase transitions ranging over pills, stripes, circles, ellipses, lemons, and even fuzzy shapes. These results are quite helpful in understanding several physical phenomena involving photons, electrons, and atoms. For convenience of discussion, deformations of vortices are taken as an example.","PeriodicalId":91087,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary information sciences","volume":"23 1","pages":"39-49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70252529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recent studies have demonstrated that a new association between auditory sequence and visual motion can be rapidly formed even in adults (sound-contingent visual motion perception: SCVM). The present study investigated the neural mechanisms underlying SCVM using event-related potential (ERP). During a 9-min exposure phase, two circles placed side-by-side were alternately and repeatedly presented to produce horizontal apparent motion. The onsets of the circles were synchronized with highand low-frequency tones. ERPs were measured before and after the exposure phase in response to a pair of visual stimuli (S1 and S2) sequentially presented at a fixed location with a sound sequence that contained the same high and low frequency tones as presented during the exposure phase. After the exposure, the participants experienced SCVM. Significant ERP differences between the preand post-exposure were observed not only in the S2 presentation, but also in the S1 presentation. These findings suggest that SCVM processing starts in higher stages of the visual system as early as S1 presentation and then sends feedback signals to earlier stages to induce motion perception at S2 presentation.
{"title":"An ERP Study on Sound-contingent Visual Motion Perception","authors":"Ryo Teraoka, O. Watanabe, W. Teramoto","doi":"10.4036/IIS.2017.S.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4036/IIS.2017.S.03","url":null,"abstract":"Recent studies have demonstrated that a new association between auditory sequence and visual motion can be rapidly formed even in adults (sound-contingent visual motion perception: SCVM). The present study investigated the neural mechanisms underlying SCVM using event-related potential (ERP). During a 9-min exposure phase, two circles placed side-by-side were alternately and repeatedly presented to produce horizontal apparent motion. The onsets of the circles were synchronized with highand low-frequency tones. ERPs were measured before and after the exposure phase in response to a pair of visual stimuli (S1 and S2) sequentially presented at a fixed location with a sound sequence that contained the same high and low frequency tones as presented during the exposure phase. After the exposure, the participants experienced SCVM. Significant ERP differences between the preand post-exposure were observed not only in the S2 presentation, but also in the S1 presentation. These findings suggest that SCVM processing starts in higher stages of the visual system as early as S1 presentation and then sends feedback signals to earlier stages to induce motion perception at S2 presentation.","PeriodicalId":91087,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary information sciences","volume":"23 1","pages":"175-178"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70252147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
These notes contain an introduction of the theory of multiscale analysis and periodic homogenization of PDEs. Basic tools, such as multiscale expansion, 2-scale convergence, and Gamma-convergence are introduced and carefully explained. Application to diffusion equation or porous media are also considered, as well as numerical methods. Exercises are also provided to help the reader to become familiar with the theory.
{"title":"Introduction to Periodic Homogenization","authors":"F. Alouges","doi":"10.4036/IIS.2016.A.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4036/IIS.2016.A.01","url":null,"abstract":"These notes contain an introduction of the theory of multiscale analysis and periodic homogenization of PDEs. Basic tools, such as multiscale expansion, 2-scale convergence, and Gamma-convergence are introduced and carefully explained. Application to diffusion equation or porous media are also considered, as well as numerical methods. Exercises are also provided to help the reader to become familiar with the theory.","PeriodicalId":91087,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary information sciences","volume":"22 1","pages":"147-186"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4036/IIS.2016.A.01","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70251966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We analyze the equivalence between discrete-time coined quantum walks and Szegedy's quantum walks. We characterize a class of flip-flop coined models with generalized Grover coin on a graph $Gamma$ that can be directly converted into Szegedy's model on the subdivision graph of $Gamma$ and we describe a method to convert one model into the other. This method improves previous results in literature that need to use the staggered model and the concept of line graph, which are avoided here.
{"title":"Connecting Coined Quantum Walks with Szegedy's Model","authors":"R. Portugal, E. Segawa","doi":"10.4036/iis.2017.a.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4036/iis.2017.a.15","url":null,"abstract":"We analyze the equivalence between discrete-time coined quantum walks and Szegedy's quantum walks. We characterize a class of flip-flop coined models with generalized Grover coin on a graph $Gamma$ that can be directly converted into Szegedy's model on the subdivision graph of $Gamma$ and we describe a method to convert one model into the other. This method improves previous results in literature that need to use the staggered model and the concept of line graph, which are avoided here.","PeriodicalId":91087,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary information sciences","volume":"23 1","pages":"119-125"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70252201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The effect of operating conditions on the clearance of a countercurrent hollow fiber dialyzer has been investigated by utilizing the membrane transport model based on the volume averaging theory. The three-dimensional numerical method for describing the mass transport phenomena within a hollow fiber membrane dialyzer has been proposed to estimate performances under the several volume flow rates for blood and dialysate phases. Clearances obtained from the present numerical simulation are compared against available set of experimental data to elucidate the validity of the present three-dimensional numerical method. A series of calculations reveal the effect of the volume flow rate for blood and dialysate phases on urea clearance under the several total ultrafiltration rates. Moreover, the removal efficiency, which is the ratio of the mass flow rate of urea removed from the blood phase within a dialyzer to that at the blood phase inlet, is introduced in order to estimate an appropriate volume flow rate for blood and dialysate phases in the hemodialysis treatment. The present study clearly indicates that the present numerical method is quite useful for determining the best clinical protocol of the hemodialysis treatment and developing new dialysis systems such as home hemodialysis, nocturnal dialysis and even wearable artificial kidney.
{"title":"Operating Conditions for the Hemodialysis Treatment Based on the Volume Averaging Theory","authors":"Y. Sano","doi":"10.4036/IIS.2016.A.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4036/IIS.2016.A.04","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of operating conditions on the clearance of a countercurrent hollow fiber dialyzer has been investigated by utilizing the membrane transport model based on the volume averaging theory. The three-dimensional numerical method for describing the mass transport phenomena within a hollow fiber membrane dialyzer has been proposed to estimate performances under the several volume flow rates for blood and dialysate phases. Clearances obtained from the present numerical simulation are compared against available set of experimental data to elucidate the validity of the present three-dimensional numerical method. A series of calculations reveal the effect of the volume flow rate for blood and dialysate phases on urea clearance under the several total ultrafiltration rates. Moreover, the removal efficiency, which is the ratio of the mass flow rate of urea removed from the blood phase within a dialyzer to that at the blood phase inlet, is introduced in order to estimate an appropriate volume flow rate for blood and dialysate phases in the hemodialysis treatment. The present study clearly indicates that the present numerical method is quite useful for determining the best clinical protocol of the hemodialysis treatment and developing new dialysis systems such as home hemodialysis, nocturnal dialysis and even wearable artificial kidney.","PeriodicalId":91087,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary information sciences","volume":"22 1","pages":"215-227"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4036/IIS.2016.A.04","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70252097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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