Pengfei Wang, Kentaro Wada, T. Akamatsu, Yusuke Hara
The purpose of this paper is to explore the features of the Macroscopic Fundamental Diagram (MFD) for Sendai road networks. In order to achieve this, we used the observed data of 5-minute periods throughout one year (5/1/ 2012–4/30/2013) to draw the MFDs for Sendai road networks. The result of the empirical verification shows the following: (1) the hysteresis loops always form in an MFD on weekdays with good weather, and their formation times correspond to the peak hours of the morning and evening; (2) the shape of the MFD is invariant throughout the year; (3) loops do not form on Sundays (or holidays) when the peak of traffic demand is lower than on weekdays; (4) loops that are larger than those in a typical MFD form when the driving environment is poor; and (5) if the analysis area for drawing the MFD shrinks, then the variation of the MFD expands.
{"title":"An Empirical Analysis of Macroscopic Fundamental Diagrams for Sendai Road Networks","authors":"Pengfei Wang, Kentaro Wada, T. Akamatsu, Yusuke Hara","doi":"10.4036/IIS.2015.49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4036/IIS.2015.49","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this paper is to explore the features of the Macroscopic Fundamental Diagram (MFD) for Sendai road networks. In order to achieve this, we used the observed data of 5-minute periods throughout one year (5/1/ 2012–4/30/2013) to draw the MFDs for Sendai road networks. The result of the empirical verification shows the following: (1) the hysteresis loops always form in an MFD on weekdays with good weather, and their formation times correspond to the peak hours of the morning and evening; (2) the shape of the MFD is invariant throughout the year; (3) loops do not form on Sundays (or holidays) when the peak of traffic demand is lower than on weekdays; (4) loops that are larger than those in a typical MFD form when the driving environment is poor; and (5) if the analysis area for drawing the MFD shrinks, then the variation of the MFD expands.","PeriodicalId":91087,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary information sciences","volume":"21 1","pages":"49-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70250215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
For a digraph G 1⁄4 ðV ;AÞ and a source vertex s 2 V , suppose that we wish to compute a shortest directed path from s to every vertex v 2 V n fsg (if exists) under several arc costs. Frigioni et al. (2000) proposed a dynamic algorithm which efficiently reuses the shortest-paths information computed for the previous arc costs. In this paper, we experimentally evaluate how such a dynamic algorithm works efficiently for real-world networks.
对于一个有向图g1 / 4½V;AÞ和一个源顶点s2v，假设我们希望在几个弧代价下计算从s到每个顶点v2v的最短有向路径n fsg(如果存在)。Frigioni et al.(2000)提出了一种动态算法，该算法有效地重用了之前计算出的最短路径信息。在本文中，我们通过实验评估了这种动态算法如何有效地适用于现实世界的网络。
{"title":"Experimental Evaluations of Dynamic Algorithm for Maintaining Shortest-Paths Trees on Real-World Networks","authors":"Takashi Hasegawa, Takehiro Ito, Akira Suzuki, Xiao Zhou","doi":"10.4036/IIS.2015.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4036/IIS.2015.25","url":null,"abstract":"For a digraph G 1⁄4 ðV ;AÞ and a source vertex s 2 V , suppose that we wish to compute a shortest directed path from s to every vertex v 2 V n fsg (if exists) under several arc costs. Frigioni et al. (2000) proposed a dynamic algorithm which efficiently reuses the shortest-paths information computed for the previous arc costs. In this paper, we experimentally evaluate how such a dynamic algorithm works efficiently for real-world networks.","PeriodicalId":91087,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary information sciences","volume":"21 1","pages":"25-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70250508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Narisawa, Takashi Katsura, Hiroyuki Ota, A. Shinohara
Multi-track data are multi-set sequences that are suitable for representing time series data, such as multi-sensor data, polyphonic music data and traffic data. The permuted pattern matching problem aims to determine the occurrences of multi-track patterns in multi-track text by allowing the order of the pattern tracks to be permuted. In this study, we address permuted pattern matching by proposing a new data structure called a filtering multi-set tree (FILM tree). The FILM tree is a complete binary tree based on a spectral Bloom filter (SBF) with hash functions. This data structure is very simple but powerful, and it can be applied to both exact and approximate matching problems. We present experimental results that demonstrate the efficiency of our FILM tree-based approach.
{"title":"Filtering Multi-set Tree: Data Structure for Flexible Matching Using Multi-track Data","authors":"K. Narisawa, Takashi Katsura, Hiroyuki Ota, A. Shinohara","doi":"10.4036/IIS.2015.37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4036/IIS.2015.37","url":null,"abstract":"Multi-track data are multi-set sequences that are suitable for representing time series data, such as multi-sensor data, polyphonic music data and traffic data. The permuted pattern matching problem aims to determine the occurrences of multi-track patterns in multi-track text by allowing the order of the pattern tracks to be permuted. In this study, we address permuted pattern matching by proposing a new data structure called a filtering multi-set tree (FILM tree). The FILM tree is a complete binary tree based on a spectral Bloom filter (SBF) with hash functions. This data structure is very simple but powerful, and it can be applied to both exact and approximate matching problems. We present experimental results that demonstrate the efficiency of our FILM tree-based approach.","PeriodicalId":91087,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary information sciences","volume":"21 1","pages":"37-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70250523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An Extremal Problem for Univalent Functions","authors":"T. Sugawa, Li-Mei Wang","doi":"10.4036/iis.2019.a.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4036/iis.2019.a.04","url":null,"abstract":"For a real constant $b,$ we give sharp estimates of $log|f(z)/z|+barg[f(z)/z]$ for subclasses of normalized univalent functions $f$ on the unit disk.","PeriodicalId":91087,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary information sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70252914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vasopressin is a peptide hormone secreted from the posterior pituitary gland in response to various physiological and/or pathological stimuli, including changes in body fluid volume and osmolality and stress exposure. Vasopressin secretion is controlled by the electrical activity of the vasopressinergic magnocellular neurosecretory cells located in the hypothalamic supraoptic nucleus and paraventricular nucleus. Vasopressin release can occur somatodendritically in the hypothalamus or at the level of pituitary axon terminals. The electrical activity of the vasopressin neurons assumes specific patterns of electrical discharge that are under the control of several factors, including the intrinsic properties of the neuronal membrane and synaptic and hormonal inputs. It is increasingly clear that glial cells perform critical signaling functions that contribute to signal transmission in neural circuits. Astrocytes contribute to neuronal signaling by regulating synaptic and extrasynaptic neurotransmission, as well as by mediating bidirectional neuronal-glial transmission. We recently discovered a novel form of neuronal-glial signaling that exploits the full spatial domain of astrocytes to transmit dendritic retrograde signals from vasopressin neurons to distal upstream neuronal targets. This retrograde trans-neuronal-glial transmission allows the vasopressin neurons to regulate their synaptic inputs by controlling upstream presynaptic neuron firing, thus providing a powerful means of controlling hormonal output.
{"title":"Regulation of Neuronal Activity in Hypothalamic Vasopressin Neurons.","authors":"T. Ohbuchi, J. Haam, J. Tasker","doi":"10.4036/iis.2015.B.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4036/iis.2015.B.07","url":null,"abstract":"Vasopressin is a peptide hormone secreted from the posterior pituitary gland in response to various physiological and/or pathological stimuli, including changes in body fluid volume and osmolality and stress exposure. Vasopressin secretion is controlled by the electrical activity of the vasopressinergic magnocellular neurosecretory cells located in the hypothalamic supraoptic nucleus and paraventricular nucleus. Vasopressin release can occur somatodendritically in the hypothalamus or at the level of pituitary axon terminals. The electrical activity of the vasopressin neurons assumes specific patterns of electrical discharge that are under the control of several factors, including the intrinsic properties of the neuronal membrane and synaptic and hormonal inputs. It is increasingly clear that glial cells perform critical signaling functions that contribute to signal transmission in neural circuits. Astrocytes contribute to neuronal signaling by regulating synaptic and extrasynaptic neurotransmission, as well as by mediating bidirectional neuronal-glial transmission. We recently discovered a novel form of neuronal-glial signaling that exploits the full spatial domain of astrocytes to transmit dendritic retrograde signals from vasopressin neurons to distal upstream neuronal targets. This retrograde trans-neuronal-glial transmission allows the vasopressin neurons to regulate their synaptic inputs by controlling upstream presynaptic neuron firing, thus providing a powerful means of controlling hormonal output.","PeriodicalId":91087,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary information sciences","volume":"21 3 1","pages":"225-234"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4036/iis.2015.B.07","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70251985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-01Epub Date: 2015-09-13DOI: 10.4036/iis.2015.B.10
Nathan K Evanson, James P Herman
The hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is the main neuroendocrine arm of the stress response, activation of which leads to the production of glucocorticoid hormones. Glucocorticoids are steroid hormones that are secreted from the adrenal cortex, and have a variety of effects on the body, including modulation of the immune system, suppression of reproductive hormones maintenance of blood glucose levels, and maintenance of blood pressure. Glutamate plays an important role in coordination of HPA axis output. There is strong evidence that glutamate drives HPA axis stress responses through excitatory signaling via ionotropic glutamate receptor signaling. However, glutamate signaling via kainate receptors and group I metabotropic receptors inhibit HPA drive, probably via presynaptic inhibitory mechanisms. Notably, kainate receptors are also localized in the median eminence, and appear to play an excitatory role in control of CRH release at the nerve terminals. Finally, glutamate innervation of the PVN undergoes neuroplastic changes under conditions of chronic stress, and may be involved in sensitization of HPA axis responses. Altogether, the data suggest that glutamate plays a complex role in excitation of CRH neurons, acting at multiple levels to both drive HPA axis responses and limit over-activation.
{"title":"Role of Paraventricular Nucleus Glutamate Signaling in Regulation of HPA Axis Stress Responses.","authors":"Nathan K Evanson, James P Herman","doi":"10.4036/iis.2015.B.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4036/iis.2015.B.10","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is the main neuroendocrine arm of the stress response, activation of which leads to the production of glucocorticoid hormones. Glucocorticoids are steroid hormones that are secreted from the adrenal cortex, and have a variety of effects on the body, including modulation of the immune system, suppression of reproductive hormones maintenance of blood glucose levels, and maintenance of blood pressure. Glutamate plays an important role in coordination of HPA axis output. There is strong evidence that glutamate drives HPA axis stress responses through excitatory signaling via ionotropic glutamate receptor signaling. However, glutamate signaling via kainate receptors and group I metabotropic receptors inhibit HPA drive, probably via presynaptic inhibitory mechanisms. Notably, kainate receptors are also localized in the median eminence, and appear to play an excitatory role in control of CRH release at the nerve terminals. Finally, glutamate innervation of the PVN undergoes neuroplastic changes under conditions of chronic stress, and may be involved in sensitization of HPA axis responses. Altogether, the data suggest that glutamate plays a complex role in excitation of CRH neurons, acting at multiple levels to both drive HPA axis responses and limit over-activation.</p>","PeriodicalId":91087,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary information sciences","volume":"21 3","pages":"253-260"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4036/iis.2015.B.10","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34263871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Diachronic Demorphologization and Constructionalization of Compounds from the Perspective of Distributed Morphology and Cartography","authors":"Yoshiki Ogawa","doi":"10.4036/IIS.2014.121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4036/IIS.2014.121","url":null,"abstract":",","PeriodicalId":91087,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary information sciences","volume":"55 1","pages":"121-161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70249936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In English, there are a couple of words whose categorial status is murky, the most notable of which is near. It is sometimes referred to as a preposition (Svenonius (2010)), as a transitive adjective (Maling (1983)), or as an intransitive adjective whose PP complement happens to be filled by an empty P (Kayne (2005)). The first aim of this article is to show that the three analyses are all correct synchronically in that they represent a different stage of grammaticalization on the cline from transitive adjective to intransitive adjective to preposition, on the basis of the newly discovered fact (i) that the semantic gradability of near began a sharp declination from the late 19th century, (ii) that its morphological compatibility with the preposition to also began a sharp declination from the same period, and (iii) that its collocation with the adverb right became possible around the same period, among others. The second aim of this article is to provide a syntactic analysis of the grammaticalization of near, with recourse to the insights put forth by Waters (2009) as to the grammaticalization of inside from N to Axial Part to P.
{"title":"Grammaticalization of Near from Adjective to Preposition via Head-Movement, Gradability Declination and Structural Reanalysis","authors":"Yoshiki Ogawa","doi":"10.4036/IIS.2014.189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4036/IIS.2014.189","url":null,"abstract":"In English, there are a couple of words whose categorial status is murky, the most notable of which is near. It is sometimes referred to as a preposition (Svenonius (2010)), as a transitive adjective (Maling (1983)), or as an intransitive adjective whose PP complement happens to be filled by an empty P (Kayne (2005)). The first aim of this article is to show that the three analyses are all correct synchronically in that they represent a different stage of grammaticalization on the cline from transitive adjective to intransitive adjective to preposition, on the basis of the newly discovered fact (i) that the semantic gradability of near began a sharp declination from the late 19th century, (ii) that its morphological compatibility with the preposition to also began a sharp declination from the same period, and (iii) that its collocation with the adverb right became possible around the same period, among others. The second aim of this article is to provide a syntactic analysis of the grammaticalization of near, with recourse to the insights put forth by Waters (2009) as to the grammaticalization of inside from N to Axial Part to P.","PeriodicalId":91087,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary information sciences","volume":"58 1","pages":"189-215"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70250090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study presents a generative-linguistic analysis of the prefix ain English morphology. Using Baker’s (2003) theory of syntactic categories and Svenonius’ (2006, 2010) multi-layered analysis of spatial PPs, I argue that locative on-phrases underwent the process of grammaticalization to yield a-words in which the prefix arealizes the category Pred. Denominal and de-adjectival a-words so formed triggered the emergence of a productive derivational pattern that produces stative predicates of the complex category Pred+A from inputs of any lexical category (N, A, and V). This analysis accounts for the non-canonical syntactic distribution of a-words as well as their morphological left-headedness.
{"title":"The Multi-layered PP Analysis and the Prefix a- in English","authors":"Akiko Nagano","doi":"10.4036/IIS.2014.217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4036/IIS.2014.217","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents a generative-linguistic analysis of the prefix ain English morphology. Using Baker’s (2003) theory of syntactic categories and Svenonius’ (2006, 2010) multi-layered analysis of spatial PPs, I argue that locative on-phrases underwent the process of grammaticalization to yield a-words in which the prefix arealizes the category Pred. Denominal and de-adjectival a-words so formed triggered the emergence of a productive derivational pattern that produces stative predicates of the complex category Pred+A from inputs of any lexical category (N, A, and V). This analysis accounts for the non-canonical syntactic distribution of a-words as well as their morphological left-headedness.","PeriodicalId":91087,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary information sciences","volume":"20 1","pages":"217-241"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70250117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper investigates how null subjects, generally termed pro in the literature, were licensed and lost historically in English, with special emphasis on the role of verbal inflectional morphology. It is revealed through a corpus search that pro was licensed as a null topic in Old English and Early Middle English but subsequently lost in Late Middle English. This coincides with the period in which English underwent a drastic typological change, going from a topic-prominent language to a subject-prominent language. In order to relate these simultaneous changes, I maintain that the loss of pro and the typological change to the language both resulted from the shift of f-features from Top(ic) to Fin(ite) within the hierarchy of fine-grained functional heads in the CP domain à la Rizzi (1997), and that this is ultimately attributable to the decline of verbal inflectional morphology for number agreement. Thus, as far as the analysis advanced in this paper is successful, the changes under discussion present an intriguing case of syntax–morphology interface in the domain of language change, where micro-level morphological attrition finally results in a large-scale typological shift of a language.
{"title":"Verbal Inflection, Feature Inheritance, and the Loss of Null Subjects in Middle English","authors":"H. Nawata","doi":"10.4036/IIS.2014.103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4036/IIS.2014.103","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates how null subjects, generally termed pro in the literature, were licensed and lost historically in English, with special emphasis on the role of verbal inflectional morphology. It is revealed through a corpus search that pro was licensed as a null topic in Old English and Early Middle English but subsequently lost in Late Middle English. This coincides with the period in which English underwent a drastic typological change, going from a topic-prominent language to a subject-prominent language. In order to relate these simultaneous changes, I maintain that the loss of pro and the typological change to the language both resulted from the shift of f-features from Top(ic) to Fin(ite) within the hierarchy of fine-grained functional heads in the CP domain à la Rizzi (1997), and that this is ultimately attributable to the decline of verbal inflectional morphology for number agreement. Thus, as far as the analysis advanced in this paper is successful, the changes under discussion present an intriguing case of syntax–morphology interface in the domain of language change, where micro-level morphological attrition finally results in a large-scale typological shift of a language.","PeriodicalId":91087,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary information sciences","volume":"20 1","pages":"103-120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70249883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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