Pub Date : 2017-01-10DOI: 10.9734/BJAST/2017/32846
T. Abioye
The mechanical and corrosion performances of austenitic stainless steels arc weld joints in service environments have been established to be influenced by the process parameters used in carrying out the welding process. In this work, the mechanical and corrosion resistance of electric arc weld joints of AISI 304 was investigated at varying process parameters. The welding was carried out using ESAB LHF 400 industrial welding machine. The microstructure of the weld joints was examined using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The micro-hardness and tensile strength of the welded samples were determined with the aid of Vickers micro-hardness tester and Instron universal testing machine respectively. The electrochemical corrosion of the samples in 3.5% NaCl solution was investigated using potentiostat. The results revealed that good quality arc weld joints are obtainable at a welding current range of 90-130 A and welding speed of 1.7-4.0 mm/s. The microstructure of the weld joints comprises austenite and delta-ferrite phases. The hardness value of the weld joints (ranging within 234-275 HV0.1) was found to decrease with increase in the heat energy per unit length of weld. The optimal ultimate tensile stress of 550 MPa was obtained at a heat energy input of 9680 J/mm, whereas the value obtained for the as-received AISI 304 is 560 MPa. The corrosion performance of the arc weld joints is close to that of the asreceived AISI 304. However, the corrosion performance of the weld joints decreased with increase in the heat energy input. Original Research Article Abioye; BJAST, 20(5): 1-10, 2017; Article no.BJAST.32846 2
{"title":"The Effect of Heat Input on the Mechanical and Corrosion Properties of AISI 304 Electric ARC Weldments","authors":"T. Abioye","doi":"10.9734/BJAST/2017/32846","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BJAST/2017/32846","url":null,"abstract":"The mechanical and corrosion performances of austenitic stainless steels arc weld joints in service environments have been established to be influenced by the process parameters used in carrying out the welding process. In this work, the mechanical and corrosion resistance of electric arc weld joints of AISI 304 was investigated at varying process parameters. The welding was carried out using ESAB LHF 400 industrial welding machine. The microstructure of the weld joints was examined using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The micro-hardness and tensile strength of the welded samples were determined with the aid of Vickers micro-hardness tester and Instron universal testing machine respectively. The electrochemical corrosion of the samples in 3.5% NaCl solution was investigated using potentiostat. The results revealed that good quality arc weld joints are obtainable at a welding current range of 90-130 A and welding speed of 1.7-4.0 mm/s. The microstructure of the weld joints comprises austenite and delta-ferrite phases. The hardness value of the weld joints (ranging within 234-275 HV0.1) was found to decrease with increase in the heat energy per unit length of weld. The optimal ultimate tensile stress of 550 MPa was obtained at a heat energy input of 9680 J/mm, whereas the value obtained for the as-received AISI 304 is 560 MPa. The corrosion performance of the arc weld joints is close to that of the asreceived AISI 304. However, the corrosion performance of the weld joints decreased with increase in the heat energy input. Original Research Article Abioye; BJAST, 20(5): 1-10, 2017; Article no.BJAST.32846 2","PeriodicalId":91221,"journal":{"name":"British journal of applied science & technology","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49242465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-10DOI: 10.9734/BJAST/2017/32166
P. Adeniyi, A. Ezekiel
{"title":"Modelling and Comparison of Above-Ground Tree Biomass of Omo Biosphere Reserve Using Field and Landsat 8 Data","authors":"P. Adeniyi, A. Ezekiel","doi":"10.9734/BJAST/2017/32166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BJAST/2017/32166","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":91221,"journal":{"name":"British journal of applied science & technology","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48088429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-10DOI: 10.9734/BJAST/2017/32795
J. Frau, D. Glossman-Mitnik
This study features an assessment of multiple density functionals in calculating the molecular structures and inherent properties in simple carbohydrates participating in nonenzymatic glycation involving amino acids and proteins in Maillard reactions. Calculations of chemical reactivity descriptors is attained in each molecular system using Conceptual DFT. A cross-sectional comparison of results obtained through ∆ SCF procedure is attained to check for accuracy and validity of the density functional in “Koopmans in DFT" (KID) procedure. The Fukui function indices and condensed dual descriptor ∆ f(r) are used to examine the active sites where nucleophilic and electrophilic attacks occur. The assessment identifies several relationships involving glycating power and reactivity descriptors. The latter are found capable for predicting glycating behavior in complex carbohydrates.
本研究的特点是评估多重密度泛函在计算参与美拉德反应中氨基酸和蛋白质非酶糖基化的简单碳水化合物的分子结构和固有性质方面的作用。利用概念DFT计算了每个分子体系的化学反应性描述符。对通过∆SCF过程获得的结果进行横断面比较，以检查“Koopmans in DFT”(KID)过程中密度泛函的准确性和有效性。使用福井函数指数和浓缩双描述子∆f(r)来检查发生亲核和亲电攻击的活性位点。评估确定了涉及糖化能力和反应性描述符的几种关系。后者被发现能够预测复杂碳水化合物中的糖基化行为。
{"title":"A Comparative Study of the Glycating Power of Simple Carbohydrates in the Maillard Reaction by Means of Conceptual DFT Descriptors","authors":"J. Frau, D. Glossman-Mitnik","doi":"10.9734/BJAST/2017/32795","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BJAST/2017/32795","url":null,"abstract":"This study features an assessment of multiple density functionals in calculating the molecular structures and inherent properties in simple carbohydrates participating in nonenzymatic glycation involving amino acids and proteins in Maillard reactions. Calculations of chemical reactivity descriptors is attained in each molecular system using Conceptual DFT. A cross-sectional comparison of results obtained through ∆ SCF procedure is attained to check for accuracy and validity of the density functional in “Koopmans in DFT\" (KID) procedure. The Fukui function indices and condensed dual descriptor ∆ f(r) are used to examine the active sites where nucleophilic and electrophilic attacks occur. The assessment identifies several relationships involving glycating power and reactivity descriptors. The latter are found capable for predicting glycating behavior in complex carbohydrates.","PeriodicalId":91221,"journal":{"name":"British journal of applied science & technology","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45047975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-10DOI: 10.9734/BJAST/2017/32463
H. Bello, K. Gbolagade
Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) is a molecule that carries most of the genetic instructions used in the development, functioning, and reproduction of all living organisms. The genes in living organisms contain instructions responsible for their characteristics which are transferred from parent to offspring to structure his life. These instructions are encoded in DNA molecule. This Paper presents a survey on DNA molecules in passing instructions from parents to their offspring from one generation to the other.
{"title":"A Survey of Human Deoxyribonucleic Acid","authors":"H. Bello, K. Gbolagade","doi":"10.9734/BJAST/2017/32463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BJAST/2017/32463","url":null,"abstract":"Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) is a molecule that carries most of the genetic instructions used in the development, functioning, and reproduction of all living organisms. The genes in living organisms contain instructions responsible for their characteristics which are transferred from parent to offspring to structure his life. These instructions are encoded in DNA molecule. This Paper presents a survey on DNA molecules in passing instructions from parents to their offspring from one generation to the other.","PeriodicalId":91221,"journal":{"name":"British journal of applied science & technology","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44368372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-10DOI: 10.9734/bjast/2017/31563
C. Sall, S. Ndoye, Mbaye Diaw Dioum, Insa Seck, Rokhaya Gueye, B. Faye, Cheikhou Thiam, M. Seck, P. M. Gueye, D. Fall, M. Fall, T. Diéye
Sickle cell disease is a major public health problem in Africa and many other areas across the world. In Senegal, a lot of plants are proposed by traditional healers to manage the sickle cell disease, among them Combretum glutinosum . Antisickling activity of Combretum glutinosum leaves extracts was studied in this work. Methanolic and ethyl acetate extracts of Combretum glutinosum leaves were evaluated on SS sickles type to determine their anti-sickling potential. Antiradical properties of methanolic extract were evaluated using the DPPH radical as oxidant. Total phenolic content of the methanol extract was determined. Phytochemical screening of the crude extract of methanol revealed the presence of tannins, saponins, phenols and flavonoids. Results show a good antisickling effect of extracts with a maximum antisickling revers of 81% and 69% respectively, of the methanol and ethyl acetate extracts at 10 mg/mL versus 67% for arginine at 120 min of incubation. The measured IC 50 were 0.65 and 0.163 for respectively the methanol extract and ascorbic acid. Antiradical powers 0.155 and 0.62 respectively for methanol extract and ascorbic acid were calculated from the effective concentrations. The results of this study confirm the traditional use of Combretum glutinosum leaves in the management of sickle cell disease.
{"title":"Phytochemical Screening, Evaluation of Antioxidant and Anti-sickling Activities of Two Polar Extracts of Combretum glutinosum Leaves. Perr. ex DC","authors":"C. Sall, S. Ndoye, Mbaye Diaw Dioum, Insa Seck, Rokhaya Gueye, B. Faye, Cheikhou Thiam, M. Seck, P. M. Gueye, D. Fall, M. Fall, T. Diéye","doi":"10.9734/bjast/2017/31563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bjast/2017/31563","url":null,"abstract":"Sickle cell disease is a major public health problem in Africa and many other areas across the world. In Senegal, a lot of plants are proposed by traditional healers to manage the sickle cell disease, among them Combretum glutinosum . Antisickling activity of Combretum glutinosum leaves extracts was studied in this work. Methanolic and ethyl acetate extracts of Combretum glutinosum leaves were evaluated on SS sickles type to determine their anti-sickling potential. Antiradical properties of methanolic extract were evaluated using the DPPH radical as oxidant. Total phenolic content of the methanol extract was determined. Phytochemical screening of the crude extract of methanol revealed the presence of tannins, saponins, phenols and flavonoids. Results show a good antisickling effect of extracts with a maximum antisickling revers of 81% and 69% respectively, of the methanol and ethyl acetate extracts at 10 mg/mL versus 67% for arginine at 120 min of incubation. The measured IC 50 were 0.65 and 0.163 for respectively the methanol extract and ascorbic acid. Antiradical powers 0.155 and 0.62 respectively for methanol extract and ascorbic acid were calculated from the effective concentrations. The results of this study confirm the traditional use of Combretum glutinosum leaves in the management of sickle cell disease.","PeriodicalId":91221,"journal":{"name":"British journal of applied science & technology","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45777727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-10DOI: 10.9734/bjast/2017/32410
Akop Gulushanian
The recent emergence of cloud computing has drastically changed general perception of infrastructure architectures, software delivery and development models. Rapid transition towards the cloud environment, has fuelled concerns on a critical issue for the success of information systems, communication and information security. Several risks and challenges have been introduced from this migration to the cloud environment, thus the aim of this paper is twofold; firstly, to identify key risk aspects of migration to cloud and secondly to attempt to present some viable solutions that eliminates these potential threats. This analysis provides a practical guide for organisations to find the best possible cloud solution, especially in oil and gas industry, to eliminate potential threats of migration to cloud computing environment concerning the organizational performance impacts of vendor’s dependability. The proposed solutions emphasis on actions in such risk categories as financial management, vendor’s relations, regulations, service security.
{"title":"Cloud Computing: New Opportunities or New Risks? How to Mitigate Cloud Risks in Oil & Gas Industry","authors":"Akop Gulushanian","doi":"10.9734/bjast/2017/32410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bjast/2017/32410","url":null,"abstract":"The recent emergence of cloud computing has drastically changed general perception of infrastructure architectures, software delivery and development models. Rapid transition towards the cloud environment, has fuelled concerns on a critical issue for the success of information systems, communication and information security. Several risks and challenges have been introduced from this migration to the cloud environment, thus the aim of this paper is twofold; firstly, to identify key risk aspects of migration to cloud and secondly to attempt to present some viable solutions that eliminates these potential threats. This analysis provides a practical guide for organisations to find the best possible cloud solution, especially in oil and gas industry, to eliminate potential threats of migration to cloud computing environment concerning the organizational performance impacts of vendor’s dependability. The proposed solutions emphasis on actions in such risk categories as financial management, vendor’s relations, regulations, service security.","PeriodicalId":91221,"journal":{"name":"British journal of applied science & technology","volume":"19 1","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44843567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-10DOI: 10.9734/bjast/2017/32513
P. Sharma, L. Kaur, R. Mittal, Samanpreet Kaur, Sukhjeet Kaur
The study was conducted with the aim to study the extent and level of farm women awareness about climate variability and its effect on water resources. The study was conducted in three agroclimatic zones of Punjab, India. One district from each zone was selected purposively for the investigation. A sample of 120 randomly selected farm women was interviewed. The data was analyzed using appropriate statistical tools like frequency, percentages, mean weighted scores. Majority of the farm women (>60%) are fully aware that pollution, deforestation, paddy straw Original Research Article Sharma et al.; BJAST, 21(5): 1-9, 2017; Article no.BJAST.32513 2 burning and cultivation of paddy are the reasons for climate change. Most of them (>70%) are fully aware that increase in temperature and variation in rainfall were due to change in climate. Majority of them (80%) are fully aware that change in climate is leading to stress on water resources in Punjab and sixty per cent respondents perceived that more area under paddy cultivation was the major factor responsible for depleting groundwater. Most of the farm women (98%) were fully aware that water is wasted while performing various household tasks like washing of clothes, utensils, cleaning the floor, bathing animals with water pipes etc. The study concluded that majority of the farm women (59%) had medium level of awareness regarding reasons of climate change whereas most of them (80%) had low level of awareness regarding factors accountable for depletion of water. Ninety seven percent respondents had high level of awareness regarding wastage of water while performing household tasks. The study recommended that there is the need to evolve compatible water saving technologies, its effective extension and the enactment of proper legislation to prevent exploitation of water at household level.
{"title":"A Study on Farm Women Awareness for Climate Variability and Its Effect on Water Resources in Punjab","authors":"P. Sharma, L. Kaur, R. Mittal, Samanpreet Kaur, Sukhjeet Kaur","doi":"10.9734/bjast/2017/32513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bjast/2017/32513","url":null,"abstract":"The study was conducted with the aim to study the extent and level of farm women awareness about climate variability and its effect on water resources. The study was conducted in three agroclimatic zones of Punjab, India. One district from each zone was selected purposively for the investigation. A sample of 120 randomly selected farm women was interviewed. The data was analyzed using appropriate statistical tools like frequency, percentages, mean weighted scores. Majority of the farm women (>60%) are fully aware that pollution, deforestation, paddy straw Original Research Article Sharma et al.; BJAST, 21(5): 1-9, 2017; Article no.BJAST.32513 2 burning and cultivation of paddy are the reasons for climate change. Most of them (>70%) are fully aware that increase in temperature and variation in rainfall were due to change in climate. Majority of them (80%) are fully aware that change in climate is leading to stress on water resources in Punjab and sixty per cent respondents perceived that more area under paddy cultivation was the major factor responsible for depleting groundwater. Most of the farm women (98%) were fully aware that water is wasted while performing various household tasks like washing of clothes, utensils, cleaning the floor, bathing animals with water pipes etc. The study concluded that majority of the farm women (59%) had medium level of awareness regarding reasons of climate change whereas most of them (80%) had low level of awareness regarding factors accountable for depletion of water. Ninety seven percent respondents had high level of awareness regarding wastage of water while performing household tasks. The study recommended that there is the need to evolve compatible water saving technologies, its effective extension and the enactment of proper legislation to prevent exploitation of water at household level.","PeriodicalId":91221,"journal":{"name":"British journal of applied science & technology","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44643265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-10DOI: 10.9734/bjast/2017/32281
O. Afolabi, M. Adigun, E. Dosumu, C. Okonofua, F. Agbaje-Daniels, E. Lateef
Author performed the statistical analyses. Authors CO, FVAD and EOL managed analysis of the study and the literature searches. the final ABSTRACT The experiment was carried out to identify bacteria pathogens that causes fish spoilage and consequently reduces their shelf-life in the environment and invariably found out basis for controlling and preventing their activity. Thirty fish samples comprising of fifteen Titus ( Scomber scombrus ) and fifteen Kote ( Trachurus trachurus ) were collected from five major markets in Ogun state, Nigeria. Samples were cultured and processed using the pour plate and streak plate technique. Samples from the skin scrapings were cultured in five media consisting of four selective media and a basal media; Maconkey agar, Eosin Methylene Blue agar, Mannitol Salt agar, Salmonella Shigella agar and Nutrient agar. Differentiation and isolation of various isolates were based on gram-staining technique and biochemical reactions using OXOID MICROBACT TM identification kits. On examination, in vitro assay showed the presence of six bacteria species in the surface biofilms namely; Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Proteus vulgaris and Proteus stuartii . Prevalence of the various isolates in the culture were found to be 25.2%, 20.6%,18.7%, 14.9%, 11.2% and 9.3% respectively. The highest colony count (140) was obtained from samples obtained from Ijebu-Ode while the lowest colony count was obtained from Sagamu. The mean bacteria load of the isolates was 7x10 6 CFU ml -1 . The high microbial load in biofilms of the samples obtained from the market especially those of enteric bacteria showed the need for enforcement of high hygiene standards for food handlers and food storage companies.
{"title":"Evaluation of Microbial Pathogens in Biofilms of Deteriorating Fish in Ogun State, South-Western Nigeria","authors":"O. Afolabi, M. Adigun, E. Dosumu, C. Okonofua, F. Agbaje-Daniels, E. Lateef","doi":"10.9734/bjast/2017/32281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bjast/2017/32281","url":null,"abstract":"Author performed the statistical analyses. Authors CO, FVAD and EOL managed analysis of the study and the literature searches. the final ABSTRACT The experiment was carried out to identify bacteria pathogens that causes fish spoilage and consequently reduces their shelf-life in the environment and invariably found out basis for controlling and preventing their activity. Thirty fish samples comprising of fifteen Titus ( Scomber scombrus ) and fifteen Kote ( Trachurus trachurus ) were collected from five major markets in Ogun state, Nigeria. Samples were cultured and processed using the pour plate and streak plate technique. Samples from the skin scrapings were cultured in five media consisting of four selective media and a basal media; Maconkey agar, Eosin Methylene Blue agar, Mannitol Salt agar, Salmonella Shigella agar and Nutrient agar. Differentiation and isolation of various isolates were based on gram-staining technique and biochemical reactions using OXOID MICROBACT TM identification kits. On examination, in vitro assay showed the presence of six bacteria species in the surface biofilms namely; Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Proteus vulgaris and Proteus stuartii . Prevalence of the various isolates in the culture were found to be 25.2%, 20.6%,18.7%, 14.9%, 11.2% and 9.3% respectively. The highest colony count (140) was obtained from samples obtained from Ijebu-Ode while the lowest colony count was obtained from Sagamu. The mean bacteria load of the isolates was 7x10 6 CFU ml -1 . The high microbial load in biofilms of the samples obtained from the market especially those of enteric bacteria showed the need for enforcement of high hygiene standards for food handlers and food storage companies.","PeriodicalId":91221,"journal":{"name":"British journal of applied science & technology","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44801034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-10DOI: 10.9734/BJAST/2017/33159
S. Bindu, M. Suresh
Resistance of PEDOT-PSS films changes considerably with time after application of DC voltage. Since, variation of resistance over time can lead to serious errors when used as a strain gauge or gas sensors or any device, a detailed study of the variation of film resistance with time has been made. It has been observed that AC resistance is stable with time (constant) compared to DC resistance which has been explained in terms of contact diode model. It has also been found that doping with graphite leads to lower variation (better stabilization) in the resistance over time. The results indicate that the variation of resistance is an interfacial phenomenon at the contacts and either an ohmic contact or AC measurement removes this behavior. The change of resistance is attributable to high electric field in the interfacial region of the PEDOT-PSS/metal contact.
{"title":"Electric Field Induced Resistance Change in PEDOT-PSS Films","authors":"S. Bindu, M. Suresh","doi":"10.9734/BJAST/2017/33159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BJAST/2017/33159","url":null,"abstract":"Resistance of PEDOT-PSS films changes considerably with time after application of DC voltage. Since, variation of resistance over time can lead to serious errors when used as a strain gauge or gas sensors or any device, a detailed study of the variation of film resistance with time has been made. It has been observed that AC resistance is stable with time (constant) compared to DC resistance which has been explained in terms of contact diode model. It has also been found that doping with graphite leads to lower variation (better stabilization) in the resistance over time. The results indicate that the variation of resistance is an interfacial phenomenon at the contacts and either an ohmic contact or AC measurement removes this behavior. The change of resistance is attributable to high electric field in the interfacial region of the PEDOT-PSS/metal contact.","PeriodicalId":91221,"journal":{"name":"British journal of applied science & technology","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43270275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-10DOI: 10.9734/bjast/2017/33907
N. Ahmed, M. Abbas, Asif Malik, A. Akand, Lyaqat Ali, B. Lone, M. Bhat
The traditional wooden tools are the necessities of the daily life of the people of Ladakh region and are linked directly with geographical conditions of the region. A lot of diversity in the wooden tools used by the tribal farmers of Ladakh since ancient times is observed. The tools are made up of different, locally available materials in a unique fashion by the localites. These wooden implements are preferred over modern one’s because of their multipurpose uses. Secondly these traditional Short Research Article Ahmed et al.; BJAST, 21(5): 1-7, 2017; Article no.BJAST.33907 2 implements find wide applicability in the region because of steep terrain, where the scope of mechanized farm implements is very limited. In the present study few important traditional tools of Ladakh have been presented. The important tools viz; chepo, shak, zungba, rzgeem, saddle, khem, khaczhay, thougk, gourgur, butter churner, plough, smeing, rbhat, grookook etc. have been described in detail in this paper.
{"title":"Diversified Traditional Wooden Implements Used in Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Practices in Ladakh","authors":"N. Ahmed, M. Abbas, Asif Malik, A. Akand, Lyaqat Ali, B. Lone, M. Bhat","doi":"10.9734/bjast/2017/33907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bjast/2017/33907","url":null,"abstract":"The traditional wooden tools are the necessities of the daily life of the people of Ladakh region and are linked directly with geographical conditions of the region. A lot of diversity in the wooden tools used by the tribal farmers of Ladakh since ancient times is observed. The tools are made up of different, locally available materials in a unique fashion by the localites. These wooden implements are preferred over modern one’s because of their multipurpose uses. Secondly these traditional Short Research Article Ahmed et al.; BJAST, 21(5): 1-7, 2017; Article no.BJAST.33907 2 implements find wide applicability in the region because of steep terrain, where the scope of mechanized farm implements is very limited. In the present study few important traditional tools of Ladakh have been presented. The important tools viz; chepo, shak, zungba, rzgeem, saddle, khem, khaczhay, thougk, gourgur, butter churner, plough, smeing, rbhat, grookook etc. have been described in detail in this paper.","PeriodicalId":91221,"journal":{"name":"British journal of applied science & technology","volume":"21 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43377273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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