Pub Date : 2017-01-10DOI: 10.9734/bjast/2017/33397
L. Emembolu, J. Nwabanne, O. Elijah
This work presents the treatment of Restaurant wastewater using anaerobic digestion technique. The physicochemical analysis revealed that most of the wastewater parameters were reduced after digestion to an acceptable level. The bio-kinetics of the anaerobic digestion was well described by the first-order kinetic model. The kinetic parameters calculated for the batch digestion process were 0.0494 day -1 for K, 108.96 mg/l for K s , 0.0282 day -1 for K d , 1.5886 mg/mg for Y and 0.0789 day -1 for µ max . The kinetics of the biomass growth and substrate utilization rate together with the kinetic data obtained were used to develop a mathematical model for a continuous flow reactor unit under homogeneous steady state condition. As the food to micro-organism ratio increased, there was a decrease in the biomass concentration and an increase in the hydraulic retention time. The developed design data can be used in the design of the continuous process plant.
{"title":"Kinetic Modeling of Anaerobic Digestion of Restaurant Waste Water","authors":"L. Emembolu, J. Nwabanne, O. Elijah","doi":"10.9734/bjast/2017/33397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bjast/2017/33397","url":null,"abstract":"This work presents the treatment of Restaurant wastewater using anaerobic digestion technique. The physicochemical analysis revealed that most of the wastewater parameters were reduced after digestion to an acceptable level. The bio-kinetics of the anaerobic digestion was well described by the first-order kinetic model. The kinetic parameters calculated for the batch digestion process were 0.0494 day -1 for K, 108.96 mg/l for K s , 0.0282 day -1 for K d , 1.5886 mg/mg for Y and 0.0789 day -1 for µ max . The kinetics of the biomass growth and substrate utilization rate together with the kinetic data obtained were used to develop a mathematical model for a continuous flow reactor unit under homogeneous steady state condition. As the food to micro-organism ratio increased, there was a decrease in the biomass concentration and an increase in the hydraulic retention time. The developed design data can be used in the design of the continuous process plant.","PeriodicalId":91221,"journal":{"name":"British journal of applied science & technology","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47773521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-10DOI: 10.9734/BJAST/2017/32935
U. Abubakar, J. Barminas
Hydrogel are a class of polymer materials that can behaviour exhibited by the hydrogel makes it a promising carrier in the site specific delivery of protein and peptide drugs to the colonic region.
{"title":"Evaluation of Bombax costatum Calyx Hydrogel as a Potential Insulin Delivery System","authors":"U. Abubakar, J. Barminas","doi":"10.9734/BJAST/2017/32935","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BJAST/2017/32935","url":null,"abstract":"Hydrogel are a class of polymer materials that can behaviour exhibited by the hydrogel makes it a promising carrier in the site specific delivery of protein and peptide drugs to the colonic region.","PeriodicalId":91221,"journal":{"name":"British journal of applied science & technology","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43775426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-10DOI: 10.9734/BJAST/2017/32380
Nidal E. Taha, R. Nuruddeen, A. Sedeeg
Abdelilah Kamal and Mohand Mahgoub recently introduced new integral transforms separately by the names the “Kamal transform” and “Mahgoub transform” to facilitate the solution of differential and integral equations. However, in this paper, these newly introduced integral transforms will closely be studied in relation to the some existing famous integral transforms defined in the time domain. The study will also try to establish the duality relations existing between these new integral transforms and in particular, the Laplace, Sumudu, Elzaki and Aboodh integral transforms. Further, supporting illustrations obtained from some test functions as examples are will be presented. Original Research Article Taha et al.; BJAST, 20(3): 1-8, 2017; Article no.BJAST.32380 2
{"title":"Dualities between ''Kamal & Mahgoub Integral Transforms'' and ''Some Famous Integral Transforms''","authors":"Nidal E. Taha, R. Nuruddeen, A. Sedeeg","doi":"10.9734/BJAST/2017/32380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BJAST/2017/32380","url":null,"abstract":"Abdelilah Kamal and Mohand Mahgoub recently introduced new integral transforms separately by the names the “Kamal transform” and “Mahgoub transform” to facilitate the solution of differential and integral equations. However, in this paper, these newly introduced integral transforms will closely be studied in relation to the some existing famous integral transforms defined in the time domain. The study will also try to establish the duality relations existing between these new integral transforms and in particular, the Laplace, Sumudu, Elzaki and Aboodh integral transforms. Further, supporting illustrations obtained from some test functions as examples are will be presented. Original Research Article Taha et al.; BJAST, 20(3): 1-8, 2017; Article no.BJAST.32380 2","PeriodicalId":91221,"journal":{"name":"British journal of applied science & technology","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47700648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-10DOI: 10.9734/BJAST/2017/31759
A. Abdullah, Ramachandran Ponnan
The present paper reviews the problem of investigating incidents in systems with dependent states. Actions of an agent in such systems may lead to changes in the system, which could be made by an agent not directly, but indirectly through other agents. A method for modelling such systems is presented in this paper. The method allows defining a “manipulated system”, in which other agents can be used to obtain the changes. A method for analysis of such systems by deriving them to the non-manipulated type is also presented.
{"title":"Modeling State Dependency in Agent Based Systems","authors":"A. Abdullah, Ramachandran Ponnan","doi":"10.9734/BJAST/2017/31759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BJAST/2017/31759","url":null,"abstract":"The present paper reviews the problem of investigating incidents in systems with dependent states. Actions of an agent in such systems may lead to changes in the system, which could be made by an agent not directly, but indirectly through other agents. A method for modelling such systems is presented in this paper. The method allows defining a “manipulated system”, in which other agents can be used to obtain the changes. A method for analysis of such systems by deriving them to the non-manipulated type is also presented.","PeriodicalId":91221,"journal":{"name":"British journal of applied science & technology","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45342579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-10DOI: 10.9734/BJAST/2017/34148
B. Lone, S. Qayoom, Purshotam Singh, Z. Dar, Sandeep Kumar, N. A. Dar, Asma Fayaz, N. Ahmad, Lyaket, M. A. Bhat, Gurdeep Singh
The changing patterns in day to day weather situations, rising CO 2 concentrations, rising sea level, increasing temperature is an indicative of the fact that climate change being encountered by the life of earth at present. Climate change is caused by natural and anthropogenic factors-the natural being due to the periodic tidal pulls exerted by the astronomical bodies on earth’s atmosphere and the enhanced one’s are due to Changes in the climate through past and present are being evidenced through tephrochronological, dendrochronological, paleonological and archaeological measurements.Climate change has an impact on entire ecosystem, the greatest being on agriculture. Increasing CO 2 concentration increases photosynthetic rates in C3 plants, and reduces transpiration due to decreased stomatal aperture, thus increasing water use efficiency Elevated CO 2 at 330 ppm raised rice yields by 20% and further increase to 700 ppm increased yield by 26.4%. Increased yield is counteracted by a higher temperature that causes moisture stress, delays the maturity of crops due to increased senescence and reduction in grain filling period. Under warm temperature, 2°C above normal, decline in grain yiel d was to the tune of 8.4% in rice and 12.2% in wheat. A decline in yield to the tune 12.1% and 8.9% in rice and maize has been reported with the decline in solar radiation by 10% from normal. A yield decline of about 13% has been reported with an increased exposure to UV radiations at 320 nm caused due to ozone depletion. On an average the crop climate models suggest a decline in productivity by 3-17°C with 2°C rise in temperature, suggesting future research to recognize the potential interactions of climatic variables to ameliorate the adverse influence of changing climate on agro ecosystems. Climate change is expected to adversely affect the sustainable development capabilities of most Asian developing countries by aggravating pressures on natural resources and the environment. Development of sustainable cities in Asia with fewer fossil fuel-driven vehicles and with more trees and greenery would have a number of co-benefits, including improved public health. (IPCC 2014). To overcome this we have to Increase crop diversity by inter-cropping and appropriate cropping systems/rotations/land use; Adopt land/water conservation agriculture methods suited to varied agro-climates, balanced use of biocides/chemicals; Increase carbon fixation in the soil by growing deep-rooted crops so as to decrease carbon foot - print; Use water judiciously: more crop/unit of water; Use less fossil fuels; Use more solar/wind sources of energy; Climate smart agriculture needs to be adopted for better tomorrow.
{"title":"Climate Change and Its Impact on Crop Productivity","authors":"B. Lone, S. Qayoom, Purshotam Singh, Z. Dar, Sandeep Kumar, N. A. Dar, Asma Fayaz, N. Ahmad, Lyaket, M. A. Bhat, Gurdeep Singh","doi":"10.9734/BJAST/2017/34148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BJAST/2017/34148","url":null,"abstract":"The changing patterns in day to day weather situations, rising CO 2 concentrations, rising sea level, increasing temperature is an indicative of the fact that climate change being encountered by the life of earth at present. Climate change is caused by natural and anthropogenic factors-the natural being due to the periodic tidal pulls exerted by the astronomical bodies on earth’s atmosphere and the enhanced one’s are due to Changes in the climate through past and present are being evidenced through tephrochronological, dendrochronological, paleonological and archaeological measurements.Climate change has an impact on entire ecosystem, the greatest being on agriculture. Increasing CO 2 concentration increases photosynthetic rates in C3 plants, and reduces transpiration due to decreased stomatal aperture, thus increasing water use efficiency Elevated CO 2 at 330 ppm raised rice yields by 20% and further increase to 700 ppm increased yield by 26.4%. Increased yield is counteracted by a higher temperature that causes moisture stress, delays the maturity of crops due to increased senescence and reduction in grain filling period. Under warm temperature, 2°C above normal, decline in grain yiel d was to the tune of 8.4% in rice and 12.2% in wheat. A decline in yield to the tune 12.1% and 8.9% in rice and maize has been reported with the decline in solar radiation by 10% from normal. A yield decline of about 13% has been reported with an increased exposure to UV radiations at 320 nm caused due to ozone depletion. On an average the crop climate models suggest a decline in productivity by 3-17°C with 2°C rise in temperature, suggesting future research to recognize the potential interactions of climatic variables to ameliorate the adverse influence of changing climate on agro ecosystems. Climate change is expected to adversely affect the sustainable development capabilities of most Asian developing countries by aggravating pressures on natural resources and the environment. Development of sustainable cities in Asia with fewer fossil fuel-driven vehicles and with more trees and greenery would have a number of co-benefits, including improved public health. (IPCC 2014). To overcome this we have to Increase crop diversity by inter-cropping and appropriate cropping systems/rotations/land use; Adopt land/water conservation agriculture methods suited to varied agro-climates, balanced use of biocides/chemicals; Increase carbon fixation in the soil by growing deep-rooted crops so as to decrease carbon foot - print; Use water judiciously: more crop/unit of water; Use less fossil fuels; Use more solar/wind sources of energy; Climate smart agriculture needs to be adopted for better tomorrow.","PeriodicalId":91221,"journal":{"name":"British journal of applied science & technology","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46962395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-10DOI: 10.9734/BJAST/2017/33727
Ravi Kumar, R. C. Kumar, Amit Kumar, S. K. Sinha, P. Kumari
This work was carried out in collaboration between all authors. Authors Ravi Kumar and Randhir Kumar designed the study, performed the statistical analysis, wrote the protocol and wrote the first draft of the manuscript. Authors AK and SKS managed the analyses of the study. Author PK managed the literature searches. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. ABSTRACT A study was undertaken to estimate general and specific combining in brinjal through diallel analysis involving 6 parents. The combining ability analysis revealed highly significant differences among the treatments for all the parameters studied except days to 50% flowering and number of primary branches per plant. The genotype SBRB-6/12 was found best general combiner for number of fruit per plant and yield per plant. The top three crosses (SBRB-3/12 x SBRB-2/12, SBRB-6/12 x SBRB-3/12 and KS-224 x Swarna Mani) with high per se performance have exhibited high sca effects for yield. Both additive and non-additive gene actions were operating for all the characters except days to 50% flowering, fruit diameter and number of primary branches/plant. Therefore, the general combiner can be exploited for the creation of varieties lines, and the presence of specific combining in the hybrids.
{"title":"General and Specific Combining Ability for Nine Morphologic Characters in Round Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)","authors":"Ravi Kumar, R. C. Kumar, Amit Kumar, S. K. Sinha, P. Kumari","doi":"10.9734/BJAST/2017/33727","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BJAST/2017/33727","url":null,"abstract":"This work was carried out in collaboration between all authors. Authors Ravi Kumar and Randhir Kumar designed the study, performed the statistical analysis, wrote the protocol and wrote the first draft of the manuscript. Authors AK and SKS managed the analyses of the study. Author PK managed the literature searches. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. ABSTRACT A study was undertaken to estimate general and specific combining in brinjal through diallel analysis involving 6 parents. The combining ability analysis revealed highly significant differences among the treatments for all the parameters studied except days to 50% flowering and number of primary branches per plant. The genotype SBRB-6/12 was found best general combiner for number of fruit per plant and yield per plant. The top three crosses (SBRB-3/12 x SBRB-2/12, SBRB-6/12 x SBRB-3/12 and KS-224 x Swarna Mani) with high per se performance have exhibited high sca effects for yield. Both additive and non-additive gene actions were operating for all the characters except days to 50% flowering, fruit diameter and number of primary branches/plant. Therefore, the general combiner can be exploited for the creation of varieties lines, and the presence of specific combining in the hybrids.","PeriodicalId":91221,"journal":{"name":"British journal of applied science & technology","volume":"21 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42013142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-10DOI: 10.9734/bjast/2017/30505
T. Ogedengbe, A. Adebayo
This study evaluated existing computer workstations, which includes computer workstation tables and chairs for computer users’, and developed new one for secondary school students in Owo metropolis. Questionnaire was developed and administered to support investigation of existing due consideration of the various features associated with each parameter and appropriate clearance, where necessary. Thereafter, a full scale prototype of the designed workstation was built. Evaluation of the workstation built was conducted by having representatives of small, average and large size users from within the targeted population walk through representative task on the workstation and then assessing their comfortability in doing the task using the developed questionnaire. The responses collected from the questionnaire administered were analyzed using average rating. Also, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was applied to examine the effect of age, sex and height on the comfort of the users using their responses. The evaluation result revealed an average respondents rating of “4.30” and “3.99” for the Table and Chair respectively in comparison with the existing ones whose average rating is“1.79” and “1.38” respectively. This shows that the comfort experienced by the users while using the developed workstation is very high compared to the existing ones. Also, the ANOVA result revealed that age, sex and height have no effect on the comfort users perceived while using the workstation. Hence, the developed workstation would provide comfort for secondary school students in Owo metropolis and south western Nigeria thereby enhancing their performance and productivity.
{"title":"Development of Ergonomic Computer Workstation for Secondary School Children in Owo Metropolis","authors":"T. Ogedengbe, A. Adebayo","doi":"10.9734/bjast/2017/30505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bjast/2017/30505","url":null,"abstract":"This study evaluated existing computer workstations, which includes computer workstation tables and chairs for computer users’, and developed new one for secondary school students in Owo metropolis. Questionnaire was developed and administered to support investigation of existing due consideration of the various features associated with each parameter and appropriate clearance, where necessary. Thereafter, a full scale prototype of the designed workstation was built. Evaluation of the workstation built was conducted by having representatives of small, average and large size users from within the targeted population walk through representative task on the workstation and then assessing their comfortability in doing the task using the developed questionnaire. The responses collected from the questionnaire administered were analyzed using average rating. Also, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was applied to examine the effect of age, sex and height on the comfort of the users using their responses. The evaluation result revealed an average respondents rating of “4.30” and “3.99” for the Table and Chair respectively in comparison with the existing ones whose average rating is“1.79” and “1.38” respectively. This shows that the comfort experienced by the users while using the developed workstation is very high compared to the existing ones. Also, the ANOVA result revealed that age, sex and height have no effect on the comfort users perceived while using the workstation. Hence, the developed workstation would provide comfort for secondary school students in Owo metropolis and south western Nigeria thereby enhancing their performance and productivity.","PeriodicalId":91221,"journal":{"name":"British journal of applied science & technology","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42014738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Seismic raypaths and wavefronts model in the vertically anisotropic lithofacies of the Niger Delta are presented. These models based on the linear increase of velocity with depth are defined by the parametric equations: For raypaths [ ( ) x Cos θ R θ x + = (centre) and ( ) and for Wavefronts [ ( ) Cos R x w = (centre) and ( ) w w z Sin R z + = q q (radii)]. The take-off velocity, V 0 = 1656 ms -1 and vertical velocity gradient, k = 0.44 s -1 previously determined for the Niger Delta served as input to these equations to generate the models in Graph (version 4.3) software. Raypaths are at offsets from 400 to 2000 m at 400 m intervals while the wavefronts are at travel times from 20 to 100 ms at 20 ms intervals. Raypaths are observed to be different from straight lines and travel in circular paths while wavefronts are circular arcs travelling greater distance in the vertical direction than in the horizontal for equal travel times. These models provide a basic framework in the Niger Delta for accurate ray tracing, velocity models development and traveltime calculations in seismic processing.
介绍了尼日尔三角洲垂直各向异性岩相的地震射线路径和波前模型。这些基于速度随深度线性增加的模型由参数方程定义：对于光线路径[（）x CosθRθx+=（中心）和（），对于波前[（）Cos R x w=（中心和）w z Sin Rz+=q q（半径）]。之前为尼日尔三角洲确定的起飞速度V0=1656 ms-1和垂直速度梯度k=0.44 s-1用作这些方程的输入，以在Graph（版本4.3）软件中生成模型。射线路径以400m的间隔处于400到2000m的偏移，而波前以20ms的间隔处于20到100ms的传播时间。射线路径被观察到不同于直线并且以圆形路径行进，而波前是在相同行进时间内在垂直方向上行进的距离大于在水平方向上行进距离的圆弧。这些模型为尼日尔三角洲地震处理中的精确射线追踪、速度模型开发和走时计算提供了基本框架。
{"title":"Seismic Raypath and Wavefront Models in the Lithofacies of the Niger Delta, Nigeria","authors":"G. Alaminiokuma","doi":"10.9734/BJAST/2017/5100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BJAST/2017/5100","url":null,"abstract":"Seismic raypaths and wavefronts model in the vertically anisotropic lithofacies of the Niger Delta are presented. These models based on the linear increase of velocity with depth are defined by the parametric equations: For raypaths [ ( ) x Cos θ R θ x + = (centre) and ( ) and for Wavefronts [ ( ) Cos R x w = (centre) and ( ) w w z Sin R z + = q q (radii)]. The take-off velocity, V 0 = 1656 ms -1 and vertical velocity gradient, k = 0.44 s -1 previously determined for the Niger Delta served as input to these equations to generate the models in Graph (version 4.3) software. Raypaths are at offsets from 400 to 2000 m at 400 m intervals while the wavefronts are at travel times from 20 to 100 ms at 20 ms intervals. Raypaths are observed to be different from straight lines and travel in circular paths while wavefronts are circular arcs travelling greater distance in the vertical direction than in the horizontal for equal travel times. These models provide a basic framework in the Niger Delta for accurate ray tracing, velocity models development and traveltime calculations in seismic processing.","PeriodicalId":91221,"journal":{"name":"British journal of applied science & technology","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44323728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-10DOI: 10.9734/bjast/2017/30420
A. Sarhan, Radaan Al-Dosari
In this paper, a digital mammogram classification system is presented. The proposed system uses the Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) to obtain features from the input mammogram image. The proposed system suggests a new algorithm for generating the codebook used by the vector quantization (VQ) algorithm to classify the input mammogram (malignant, benign, or normal). The obtained results on the DDSM database indicate the significant performance and superiority of the proposed method in comparison with the state of the art approaches. Simulation results show that the proposed system achieves a high accuracy and sensitivity.
{"title":"Mammogram Classification Using Discrete Wavelet Transform Features and a Novel Vector Quantization Technique for Breast Cancer Detection","authors":"A. Sarhan, Radaan Al-Dosari","doi":"10.9734/bjast/2017/30420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bjast/2017/30420","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a digital mammogram classification system is presented. The proposed system uses the Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) to obtain features from the input mammogram image. The proposed system suggests a new algorithm for generating the codebook used by the vector quantization (VQ) algorithm to classify the input mammogram (malignant, benign, or normal). The obtained results on the DDSM database indicate the significant performance and superiority of the proposed method in comparison with the state of the art approaches. Simulation results show that the proposed system achieves a high accuracy and sensitivity.","PeriodicalId":91221,"journal":{"name":"British journal of applied science & technology","volume":"19 1","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44365583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-10DOI: 10.9734/bjast/2017/31863
A. J. Mofunanya, L. Soonen
Aims: To determine the physiological and morphological responses of Amaranthus hybridus leaf area, shoot height, stem girth, leaf number, petiole length, fresh weight (FW) and dry weight (DW) of leaf, shoot and root, relative growth rate (RGR) and chlorophyll (chl.) content to simulated nitric and sulphuric acid rain. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Botany, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria, between February and April, 2016. Methodology: Thirty five poly bags were used. Simulated nitric and sulphuric acid rain (SNAR and SSAR) of pH 2.0, 3.0, 4.0 and a control pH of 6.0 were separately prepared and sprayed every two days. The research was carried out in a greenhouse under controlled conditions. Results: Results showed highest decreases at pH 2.0 and lowest decreases at pH 4.0 in all the physiological parameters studied. Highest decreases are depicted by lowest measured values while lowest decreases by highest values in all measured parameters as affected by SNAR and Original Research Article Mofunanya and Soonen; BJAST, 21(4): 1-12, 2017; Article no.BJAST.31863 2 SSAR. Acid rain treated plants showed necrosis, chlorosis and leaf deformation. Chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll of acid rains treated plants revealed a trend of decrease in content with increasing period of development. Mean values for leaf area response to simulated HNO3 and H2SO4 acid rains of pH 2.0, pH 3.0 and pH 4.0 at 4 weeks period of development were 14.60±0.33 , 17.50±0.47, 18.80±0.11 and 14.94±0.23 17.70±0.20, 17.92±0.28 as against control value of 22.62±0.26 cm. Mean values for shoot height response to acid rains had values of 16.48±0.59, 19.65±0.66, 20.46±0.88, 15.82±0.59 and 18.27±0.12, 19.74±0.17 and 24.48±0.23 cm. Mean values for chl. a, b and total chl. at 28 days for SNAR and SSAR pH 2.0 and pH 6.0 were 18.9±0.12, 23.4±0.04 mg g -1 FW and 42.3, 20.0±0.3, 23.6±0.3 mg g -1 FW and 43.8 and 58.2 0.3, 71.2 0.3 mg g FW and 129.4 respectively. Conclusion: Physiological and morphological parameters studied responded negatively to simulated nitric acid (HNO3) and sulphuric acid (H2SO4) rain with significant decrease at all acidity levels with respect to the control.
{"title":"Physiological and Morphological Responses of Amaranthus hybridus L. (Green) to Simulated Nitric and Sulphuric Acid Rain","authors":"A. J. Mofunanya, L. Soonen","doi":"10.9734/bjast/2017/31863","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bjast/2017/31863","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: To determine the physiological and morphological responses of Amaranthus hybridus leaf area, shoot height, stem girth, leaf number, petiole length, fresh weight (FW) and dry weight (DW) of leaf, shoot and root, relative growth rate (RGR) and chlorophyll (chl.) content to simulated nitric and sulphuric acid rain. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Botany, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria, between February and April, 2016. Methodology: Thirty five poly bags were used. Simulated nitric and sulphuric acid rain (SNAR and SSAR) of pH 2.0, 3.0, 4.0 and a control pH of 6.0 were separately prepared and sprayed every two days. The research was carried out in a greenhouse under controlled conditions. Results: Results showed highest decreases at pH 2.0 and lowest decreases at pH 4.0 in all the physiological parameters studied. Highest decreases are depicted by lowest measured values while lowest decreases by highest values in all measured parameters as affected by SNAR and Original Research Article Mofunanya and Soonen; BJAST, 21(4): 1-12, 2017; Article no.BJAST.31863 2 SSAR. Acid rain treated plants showed necrosis, chlorosis and leaf deformation. Chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll of acid rains treated plants revealed a trend of decrease in content with increasing period of development. Mean values for leaf area response to simulated HNO3 and H2SO4 acid rains of pH 2.0, pH 3.0 and pH 4.0 at 4 weeks period of development were 14.60±0.33 , 17.50±0.47, 18.80±0.11 and 14.94±0.23 17.70±0.20, 17.92±0.28 as against control value of 22.62±0.26 cm. Mean values for shoot height response to acid rains had values of 16.48±0.59, 19.65±0.66, 20.46±0.88, 15.82±0.59 and 18.27±0.12, 19.74±0.17 and 24.48±0.23 cm. Mean values for chl. a, b and total chl. at 28 days for SNAR and SSAR pH 2.0 and pH 6.0 were 18.9±0.12, 23.4±0.04 mg g -1 FW and 42.3, 20.0±0.3, 23.6±0.3 mg g -1 FW and 43.8 and 58.2 0.3, 71.2 0.3 mg g FW and 129.4 respectively. Conclusion: Physiological and morphological parameters studied responded negatively to simulated nitric acid (HNO3) and sulphuric acid (H2SO4) rain with significant decrease at all acidity levels with respect to the control.","PeriodicalId":91221,"journal":{"name":"British journal of applied science & technology","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44635898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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