Pub Date : 2017-01-10DOI: 10.9734/BJAST/2017/31343
N. Kure, Aboh Hyacientjh, J. Raimi, J. Alao, I. Daniel
This work carried out in collaboration between all authors. Author NK designed the study, performed the statistical analysis, wrote the protocol and wrote the first draft of the manuscript. Authors AOH and JR managed the analyses of the study. Authors IHD and JOA managed the literature searches. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. ABSTRACT A geoelectrical survey was carried out in order to evaluate the groundwater potential of ABU Zaria, Nigeria. A total of four Vertical Electrical Soundings (VES) were carried out using Schlumberger electrode configuration with half current electrode spacing of maximum 100 m. The Interpreted data revealed that the study area is underlain by three to four layers. The topsoil thickness and resistivity values vary from 0.4 – 2.0 m and 186 – 833 Ω m respectively. The thickness and resistivity of the weathered basement ranges between 3.0 – 15.2 m and 109 – 360 Ω m respectively. The fresh basement layer which has resistivity values of 1603 – 49788 Ω m is of infinite depth and thickness. The areas with relatively high thickness and low resistivity values of the weathered layer and fractured bedrock have been successfully identified as potential aquifer zone targets for groundwater exploitation.
{"title":"The Delineation of Potential Groundwater Aquifers within Basement Complex in ABU Zaria, Nigeria","authors":"N. Kure, Aboh Hyacientjh, J. Raimi, J. Alao, I. Daniel","doi":"10.9734/BJAST/2017/31343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BJAST/2017/31343","url":null,"abstract":"This work carried out in collaboration between all authors. Author NK designed the study, performed the statistical analysis, wrote the protocol and wrote the first draft of the manuscript. Authors AOH and JR managed the analyses of the study. Authors IHD and JOA managed the literature searches. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. ABSTRACT A geoelectrical survey was carried out in order to evaluate the groundwater potential of ABU Zaria, Nigeria. A total of four Vertical Electrical Soundings (VES) were carried out using Schlumberger electrode configuration with half current electrode spacing of maximum 100 m. The Interpreted data revealed that the study area is underlain by three to four layers. The topsoil thickness and resistivity values vary from 0.4 – 2.0 m and 186 – 833 Ω m respectively. The thickness and resistivity of the weathered basement ranges between 3.0 – 15.2 m and 109 – 360 Ω m respectively. The fresh basement layer which has resistivity values of 1603 – 49788 Ω m is of infinite depth and thickness. The areas with relatively high thickness and low resistivity values of the weathered layer and fractured bedrock have been successfully identified as potential aquifer zone targets for groundwater exploitation.","PeriodicalId":91221,"journal":{"name":"British journal of applied science & technology","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49365809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-10DOI: 10.9734/BJAST/2017/31981
P. Krishna, P. Meghana, A. Kumar, K. Kishore
The main focus of this project is to understand the nature of these laminated composites when subjected to specific damage cases like loads. In order to understand the progression of the failure modes in a laminated composite, models were designed and analyzed using ANSYS 14.5. In this work composite cylinder is designed which can withstand an external pressure of 5 bar. Stress analysis of the structure is done using classical laminate theory theoretically and the result obtained is validated using finite element analysis procedure using ANSYS and the error is very less. The behavior of the composite cylinder is checked by exploring the stresses and strains. The present work includes determination of optimum design parameters like fiber orientation. Finally, utilizing the finite element modeling of a cylindrical shell specimen, a relative comparison is made between the results of the finite element and the analytical method. The results thus obtained were found to be in good agreement in terms of damage size. To check the health of the composite cylindrical shell, failure criteria’s like Tsai-wu and Maximum stress criteria were also calculated in this paper. Short Research Article Krishna et al.; BJAST, 20(1): 1-12, 2017; Article no.BJAST.31981 2
{"title":"Design and Analysis of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Composite Shell Structure Using Classical Laminate Plate Theory","authors":"P. Krishna, P. Meghana, A. Kumar, K. Kishore","doi":"10.9734/BJAST/2017/31981","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BJAST/2017/31981","url":null,"abstract":"The main focus of this project is to understand the nature of these laminated composites when subjected to specific damage cases like loads. In order to understand the progression of the failure modes in a laminated composite, models were designed and analyzed using ANSYS 14.5. In this work composite cylinder is designed which can withstand an external pressure of 5 bar. Stress analysis of the structure is done using classical laminate theory theoretically and the result obtained is validated using finite element analysis procedure using ANSYS and the error is very less. The behavior of the composite cylinder is checked by exploring the stresses and strains. The present work includes determination of optimum design parameters like fiber orientation. Finally, utilizing the finite element modeling of a cylindrical shell specimen, a relative comparison is made between the results of the finite element and the analytical method. The results thus obtained were found to be in good agreement in terms of damage size. To check the health of the composite cylindrical shell, failure criteria’s like Tsai-wu and Maximum stress criteria were also calculated in this paper. Short Research Article Krishna et al.; BJAST, 20(1): 1-12, 2017; Article no.BJAST.31981 2","PeriodicalId":91221,"journal":{"name":"British journal of applied science & technology","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49511921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-10DOI: 10.9734/BJAST/2017/31911
M. El-Mashade, A. Mohamed
In optical fiber communication systems, the non-perfectly transparent material of the fiber causes the visible-light or infrared beams to be attenuated as they travel through it. This necessitates the use of optical amplifier in order to remedy this signal attenuation. In this regard, the fiber amplifier is a key enabling technology for high speed optical communications. The EDFA of pumping mechanism. The gain and noise characteristics of different number of stages are computed and compared through simulation. Our attention is specially paid towards the optimum values of the system parameters that will give highest gain and lowest noise figure as well as minimum bit error rate in order to achieve the longest propagation length without signal degradation.
{"title":"Characteristics Evaluation of Multi-Stage Optical Amplifier EDFA","authors":"M. El-Mashade, A. Mohamed","doi":"10.9734/BJAST/2017/31911","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BJAST/2017/31911","url":null,"abstract":"In optical fiber communication systems, the non-perfectly transparent material of the fiber causes the visible-light or infrared beams to be attenuated as they travel through it. This necessitates the use of optical amplifier in order to remedy this signal attenuation. In this regard, the fiber amplifier is a key enabling technology for high speed optical communications. The EDFA of pumping mechanism. The gain and noise characteristics of different number of stages are computed and compared through simulation. Our attention is specially paid towards the optimum values of the system parameters that will give highest gain and lowest noise figure as well as minimum bit error rate in order to achieve the longest propagation length without signal degradation.","PeriodicalId":91221,"journal":{"name":"British journal of applied science & technology","volume":"19 1","pages":"1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42198788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-10DOI: 10.9734/BJAST/2017/33009
C. Sahin, Anıl Evci
School gardens are a space and tool for students to be healthy development. Students spend a large part of their day at school. In this sense, the garden of Sehit Ali Ihsan Kalmaz (SAIK) High School was redesigned with the requests of the Provincial Special Administration of Isparta City, Turkey. The project has aimed to explore the relative importance of the schoolyard and the educational philosophy adopted by the school. Therefore, the current structure of schoolyard was carefully analyzed, and some interviews were organized with the school administrators, teachers, staff and students. After the determining demand, needs and expectations, the assessments have begun to issue a site project. After that, a landscape project prepared including for not only general school garden activities such as ceremony events or recreational facilities, but also supporting educational activities with ecologic approaches. However, some restoration and redesigned of current structures have also been considered for improving garden properties. Original Research Article Sahin and Evci; BJAST, 20(3): 1-9, 2017; Article no.BJAST.33009 2
学校花园是学生健康发展的空间和工具。学生们一天中的大部分时间都在学校度过。在这个意义上，Sehit Ali Ihsan Kalmaz（SAIK）高中的花园是应土耳其伊斯帕塔市省级特别行政局的要求重新设计的。该项目旨在探讨校园的相对重要性以及学校采用的教育理念。为此，对校园的现状进行了认真的分析，并组织了对学校管理者、教师、教职员工和学生的访谈。在确定了需求、需求和期望之后，评估已经开始发布现场项目。之后，准备了一个景观项目，不仅包括一般的学校花园活动，如仪式活动或娱乐设施，还包括用生态方法支持教育活动。然而，为了改善花园的特性，也考虑对现有结构进行一些修复和重新设计。原创研究文章Sahin和Evci；BJAST，20（3）：2017年1月9日；文章编号：BJAST.33009 2
{"title":"Landscape Project for a School Garden: The Case of SAIK High School, Isparta-Turkey","authors":"C. Sahin, Anıl Evci","doi":"10.9734/BJAST/2017/33009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BJAST/2017/33009","url":null,"abstract":"School gardens are a space and tool for students to be healthy development. Students spend a large part of their day at school. In this sense, the garden of Sehit Ali Ihsan Kalmaz (SAIK) High School was redesigned with the requests of the Provincial Special Administration of Isparta City, Turkey. The project has aimed to explore the relative importance of the schoolyard and the educational philosophy adopted by the school. Therefore, the current structure of schoolyard was carefully analyzed, and some interviews were organized with the school administrators, teachers, staff and students. After the determining demand, needs and expectations, the assessments have begun to issue a site project. After that, a landscape project prepared including for not only general school garden activities such as ceremony events or recreational facilities, but also supporting educational activities with ecologic approaches. However, some restoration and redesigned of current structures have also been considered for improving garden properties. Original Research Article Sahin and Evci; BJAST, 20(3): 1-9, 2017; Article no.BJAST.33009 2","PeriodicalId":91221,"journal":{"name":"British journal of applied science & technology","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48029222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-10DOI: 10.9734/BJAST/2017/31212
J. Mondal, Hossain, Mohammad Shaifur Rahman
We propose a novel nearly zero-dispersion fiber (NZDF) at the operating wavelength based on GeO 2 doped SiO 2 square defected core spiral photonic crystal fiber (dd-SPCF). The 2-D finite element method with perfectly matched layer boundary condition is introduced to investigate the guiding properties using COMSOL Multiphysics 4.2.0.150. The angular displacement and diameter of circular air holes of spiral arms in the designed dd-SPCF have been tuned to offer near zero dispersion as well as low effective area. The proposed dd-SPCF shows promising dispersion characteristics (-0.000169 ps/km-nm) with very low effective area (2.6516 2 µ m ) and high nonlinear parameter at operating wavelength 1.55 µ m, making it a suitable candidate for chromatic dispersion controller and nonlinear optical applications.
{"title":"Analysis of Dispersion and Nonlinear Property in Doping Defected Core Spiral Photonic Crystal Fiber","authors":"J. Mondal, Hossain, Mohammad Shaifur Rahman","doi":"10.9734/BJAST/2017/31212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BJAST/2017/31212","url":null,"abstract":"We propose a novel nearly zero-dispersion fiber (NZDF) at the operating wavelength based on GeO 2 doped SiO 2 square defected core spiral photonic crystal fiber (dd-SPCF). The 2-D finite element method with perfectly matched layer boundary condition is introduced to investigate the guiding properties using COMSOL Multiphysics 4.2.0.150. The angular displacement and diameter of circular air holes of spiral arms in the designed dd-SPCF have been tuned to offer near zero dispersion as well as low effective area. The proposed dd-SPCF shows promising dispersion characteristics (-0.000169 ps/km-nm) with very low effective area (2.6516 2 µ m ) and high nonlinear parameter at operating wavelength 1.55 µ m, making it a suitable candidate for chromatic dispersion controller and nonlinear optical applications.","PeriodicalId":91221,"journal":{"name":"British journal of applied science & technology","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48185239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-10DOI: 10.9734/BJAST/2017/31760
A. Abdullah, Ramachandran Ponnan
To date, the evolution of Web-related technologies has been mainly driven by the user’s quest for ever faster and more intuitive World Wide Web (WWW). One of the most recent stages of this evolution is built around the idea that the user experience can be further improved by enabling the browser to predict and preload Web resources the user is
{"title":"Implications on Privacy and Forensics on Current Browsers","authors":"A. Abdullah, Ramachandran Ponnan","doi":"10.9734/BJAST/2017/31760","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BJAST/2017/31760","url":null,"abstract":"To date, the evolution of Web-related technologies has been mainly driven by the user’s quest for ever faster and more intuitive World Wide Web (WWW). One of the most recent stages of this evolution is built around the idea that the user experience can be further improved by enabling the browser to predict and preload Web resources the user is","PeriodicalId":91221,"journal":{"name":"British journal of applied science & technology","volume":"19 1","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47382201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-10DOI: 10.9734/BJAST/2017/31635
S. Omwoma, S. Lagat, J. Lalah, P. Owuor, K. Schramm
Elemental mercury is not as poisonous as its congeners such as methyl mercury and dimethyl mercury, especially at trace levels. However, understanding the speciation mechanisms of mercury in aquatic ecosystems offers an opportunity to appreciate the dangers emanating from elemental mercury in the environment. Notably, elemental mercury is occasionally used in dental filling therapy which presents it as a non-poisonous element. Recent advances on mechanisms of elemental mercury speciation, health effects of different mercury congeners and analytical techniques of identifying/quantifying them in aquatic ecosystems are outlined. The effects of Review Article Omwoma et al.; BJAST, 19(1): 1-37, 2017; Article no.BJAST.31635 2 anthropogenic activities employing the use of elemental mercury such as gold amalgamation are highlighted through a case study. Kenya Gold mines are identified as a potential risk zone amenable to mercury health effects.
{"title":"Recent Advances on Mercury Speciation in Aquatic Ecosystems, Health Effects and Analytical Techniques","authors":"S. Omwoma, S. Lagat, J. Lalah, P. Owuor, K. Schramm","doi":"10.9734/BJAST/2017/31635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BJAST/2017/31635","url":null,"abstract":"Elemental mercury is not as poisonous as its congeners such as methyl mercury and dimethyl mercury, especially at trace levels. However, understanding the speciation mechanisms of mercury in aquatic ecosystems offers an opportunity to appreciate the dangers emanating from elemental mercury in the environment. Notably, elemental mercury is occasionally used in dental filling therapy which presents it as a non-poisonous element. Recent advances on mechanisms of elemental mercury speciation, health effects of different mercury congeners and analytical techniques of identifying/quantifying them in aquatic ecosystems are outlined. The effects of Review Article Omwoma et al.; BJAST, 19(1): 1-37, 2017; Article no.BJAST.31635 2 anthropogenic activities employing the use of elemental mercury such as gold amalgamation are highlighted through a case study. Kenya Gold mines are identified as a potential risk zone amenable to mercury health effects.","PeriodicalId":91221,"journal":{"name":"British journal of applied science & technology","volume":" ","pages":"1-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47761798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-10DOI: 10.9734/bjast/2017/32597
O. Sanda, E. Taiwo, G. Osinkolu
{"title":"Alkaline Solvolysis of Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate) in Butan–1–ol Media: Kinetics and Optimization Studies","authors":"O. Sanda, E. Taiwo, G. Osinkolu","doi":"10.9734/bjast/2017/32597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bjast/2017/32597","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":91221,"journal":{"name":"British journal of applied science & technology","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44578446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-10DOI: 10.9734/BJAST/2017/33352
Desmond U. Nwoko, I. Nwaogazie, C. Dike
In this study, validated field current selected stretch river. Average predicted velocities of 0.85 m/s, 1.542 m/s and 0m/s compared favorably with 0.8m/s, 1.475 m/s and 0.09m/s obtained from field measurement for upstream, midstream and downstream boundaries. The predicted results have correlation coefficients of 0.96 for velocity distribution using Pearson product-moment method. the velocity distribution of Nun River; versus lower velocities inner and outer bends,
{"title":"Modelling Velocity Distribution in 3-D for Nun River, Niger Delta Nigeria","authors":"Desmond U. Nwoko, I. Nwaogazie, C. Dike","doi":"10.9734/BJAST/2017/33352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BJAST/2017/33352","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, validated field current selected stretch river. Average predicted velocities of 0.85 m/s, 1.542 m/s and 0m/s compared favorably with 0.8m/s, 1.475 m/s and 0.09m/s obtained from field measurement for upstream, midstream and downstream boundaries. The predicted results have correlation coefficients of 0.96 for velocity distribution using Pearson product-moment method. the velocity distribution of Nun River; versus lower velocities inner and outer bends,","PeriodicalId":91221,"journal":{"name":"British journal of applied science & technology","volume":"20 1","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44772095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-10DOI: 10.9734/BJAST/2017/33142
F. Olutoge
Blocks are widely used in construction industry for both load and non-load bearing walls, blocks are of different forms and shapes and the most common is hollow sandcrete blocks. Glass wool fibre is an industrial waste product which can be turned to a useful material in the construction industry. The effect of glass wool fibre on the strength properties of hollow sandcrete blocks was investigated. Sieve analysis was done on the sand used. The batching of the materials were done by weight and the mix ratio used was 1:8 with an average water-cement ratio of 0.5. Block samples of
{"title":"Effects of Glass Wool Fibre on the Strength Properties of Hollow Sandcrete Block","authors":"F. Olutoge","doi":"10.9734/BJAST/2017/33142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BJAST/2017/33142","url":null,"abstract":"Blocks are widely used in construction industry for both load and non-load bearing walls, blocks are of different forms and shapes and the most common is hollow sandcrete blocks. Glass wool fibre is an industrial waste product which can be turned to a useful material in the construction industry. The effect of glass wool fibre on the strength properties of hollow sandcrete blocks was investigated. Sieve analysis was done on the sand used. The batching of the materials were done by weight and the mix ratio used was 1:8 with an average water-cement ratio of 0.5. Block samples of","PeriodicalId":91221,"journal":{"name":"British journal of applied science & technology","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43040584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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